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Highly efficient gene silencing and bioimaging based on fluorescent carbon dots in vitro and in vivo

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 503-519页

作者： Seongchan Kim Yuri Choi Ginam Park Cheolhee Won Young-Joon Park Younghoon Lee Byeong-Su Kim DaI-Hee Min Center for RNA Research Institute for Basic Sciences (IBS) Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seou108826 Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering and Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea institute of Nanobio Convergence Technology Lemonex Inc. Seou108826 Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Ajou University Worldcuplo 206 Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

Small interfering RNA （siRNA） is an attractive therapeutic candidate for sequence- specific gene silencing to treat incurable diseases using small molecule drugs. However, its efficient intracellular delivery has remained a challenge. Here, we have developed a highly biocompatible fluorescent carbon dot （CD）, and demonstrate a functional siRNA delivery system that induces efficient gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. We found that CD nanoparticles （NPs） enhance the cellular uptake of siRNA, via endocytosis in tumor cells, with low cytotoxicity and unexpected immune responses. Real-time study of fluorescence imaging in live cells shows that CD NPs favorably localize in cytoplasm and successfully release siRNA within 12 h. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD NP-mediated siRNA delivery significantly silences green fluorescence protein （GFP） expression and inhibits tumor growth in a breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model of tumor-specific therapy. We have developed a multifunctional siRNA delivery vehicle enabling simultaneous bioimaging and efficient downregulation of gene expression, that shows excellent potential for gene therapy.

关键词： bioimaging carbon dot gene delivery RNA interference targeted cancer therapy

Protective Effect of Brassica napus *** against Inflammation Response in RAW 264.7 Cells

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第4期27卷 273-279页

作者： Su-Hyeon Cho Song Rae Kim Myeong Seon Jeong Miri Choi SeonJu Park Kil-Nam Kim Chuncheon Center Korea Basic Science InstituteChuncheon(24341)Republic of Korea

Objective:To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of Brassica napus ***(BNH)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 ***:Composition analysis of BNH was conducted via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after BNH were *** nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using the Griess *** E2(PGE2)production was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** effects of BNH on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory enzymes including inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)were evaluated using Western blot ***,phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B(N F-k B)and nuclear translocation of N F-k B p65 were evaluated with Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining,***:Compared with LPS-stimulated cells,BNH markedly decreased the generation of NO and PGE_(2)in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Moreover,BNH inhibited protein levels of iNOS and COX-2(P<0.01).Phosphorylation of NF-k B and nuclear translocation of NF-k B p65 was significantly inhibited by BNH(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:The anti-inflammatory activities of BNH were mediated via blockage of the N F-k B signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

关键词： Brassica napus L. inflammation lipopolysaccharide RAW 264.7 cells hydrosols

Installing a molecular truss beam stabilizes MOF structures

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1110-1118页

作者： Hong Ki Kim Jong-Yeong Jung Gyumin Kang Mu-Hyun Baik Eun-Young Choi Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea Korea science Academy of KAIST 105-47 Baegyanggwanmun-roBusanjin-guBusan47162Republic of Korea

Enhancing the stability and durability of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)is vital for practical applications because many promising MOF materials suffer from phase transitions and/or structural decompositions with humidity being a particularly damaging *** mechanical engineering,the frame of buildings and furniture can be stabilized significantly by installing a truss *** the same principle,we functionalized the organic component of MOF-5 to contain a carbazole moiety that can act as a molecular truss beam by reaching across the corner and forming a stableπ–πinteraction with a phenyl group on the edge position of the *** structural support enhanced the stability of the MOF substantially,allowing the designed MOF to maintain compositional integrity under steam conditions at 90℃for~5 *** unmodified MOF-5 shows clear signs of structural collapse after~1 h.

关键词： beam moiety durability

Biocompatible custom ceria nanoparticles against reactive oxygen species resolve acute inflammatory reaction after intracerebral hemorrhage

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Nano Research 2017年第8期10卷 2743-2760页

作者： Dong-Wan Kang Chi Kyung Kim Han-Gil Jeong Min Soh Taeho Kim In-Young Choi SeuI-Ki Ki Do Yeon Kim Wookjin Yang Taeghwan Hyeon Seung-Hoon Lee Laboratory of Innovative Nanobiotechnology Biomedical Research Institute Seoul National University Hospital Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital Seou103080 Republic of Korea Department of Neurology Korea University Guro Hospital and Korea University College of Medicine Seou108308 Republic of Korea Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 Republic of Korea

Intracerebral hemorrhage （ICH） is a devastating subtype of stroke with a high mortality rate, for which there currently is no effective treatment. A perihematomal edema caused by an intense inflammatory reaction is more deleterious than the hematoma itself and can result in neurological deterioration and death. Ceria nanoparticles （CeNPs） are potent free radical scavengers with potential for biomedical applications. As oxidative stress plays a major role in post-ICH inflammation, we hypothesized that CeNPs might protect against ICH. To test this hypothesis, core CeNPs were synthesized using a modified reverse micelle method and covered with phospholipid-polyethylene glycol （PEG） to achieve biocompatibility. We investigated whether our custom-made biocompatible CeNPs have protective effects against ICH. The CeNPs reduced oxidative stress, hemin-induced cytotoxicity, and inflammation in vitro. In a rodent ICH model, intravenously administered CeNPs were mainly distributed in the hemorrhagic hemisphere, suggesting that they could diffuse through the damaged blood-brain barrier. Moreover, CeNPs attenuated microglia/macrophage recruitment around the hemorrhagic lesion and inflammatory protein expression. Finally, CeNP treatment reduced the brain edema by 68.4% as compared to the control. These results reveal the great potential of CeNPs as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with ICH.

关键词： ceria nanoparticles intracerebral hemorrhage free radical injury anti-inflammation neuroprotective agents biomedical application

Metal@Silica Yolk-Shell Nanostructures as Versatile Bifunctional Nanocatalysts

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Nano Research 2011年第1期4卷 33-49页

作者： Ji Chan Park Hyunjoon Song Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology （KAIST） Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea

Recent developments in nanochemistry offer precise morphology control of nanomaterials, which has significant impacts in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Rational design of bifunctional catalysts can influence various aspects of catalytic properties. In this review, a new class of bifunctional catalysts with a metal@silica yolk-shell nanostructure is introduced. This structure has many advantages as a heterogeneous catalyst since it ensures a homogeneous environment around each metal core, and particle sintering is effectively eliminated during high temperature reactions. The catalysts exhibit high activity and recyclability in gas- and solution-phase reactions. It is anticipated that appropriate selection of bifunctional components and optimal structural control will significantly further enhance the catalytic properties, and enable target reaction-oriented development of new catalysts.

关键词： Yolk-shell nanostructure nanocatalyst bifunctionality metal nanoparticles heterogeneous catalytic reactions

Deep learning neural networks for spatially explicit prediction of flash flood probability

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 370-383页

作者： Mahdi Panahi Abolfazl Jaafari Ataollah Shirzadi Himan Shahabi Omid Rahmati Ebrahim Omidvar Saro Lee Dieu Tien Bui Geoscience Platform Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)124Gwahak-ro Yuseong-guDaejeon 34132Republic of Korea Division of science Education Kangwon National UniversityChuncheon-siGangwon-do 24341Republic of Korea Research institute of Forests and Rangelands Agricultural ResearchEducationand Extension Organization(AREEO)Tehran 13185-116Iran Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of KurdistanSanandaj 66177-15175Iran Department of Geomorphology Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran Kordestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center Agricultural ResearchEducationand Extension Organization(AREEO)SanandajIran Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth SciencesUniversity of KashanKashan 87317-53153Iran Department of Geophysical Exploration Korea University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea institute of Research and Development Duy Tan UniversityDa Nang 550000Viet Nam Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research Kurdistan Studies InstituteUniversity of KurdistanSanandajIran

Flood probability maps are essential for a range of applications,including land use planning and developing mitigation strategies and early warning *** study describes the potential application of two architectures of deep learning neural networks,namely convolutional neural networks(CNN)and recurrent neural networks(RNN),for spatially explicit prediction and mapping of flash flood *** develop and validate the predictive models,a geospatial database that contained records for the historical flood events and geo-environmental characteristics of the Golestan Province in northern Iran was *** step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis(SWARA)was employed to investigate the spatial interplay between floods and different influencing *** CNN and RNN models were trained using the SWARA weights and validated using the receiver operating characteristics *** results showed that the CNN model(AUC=0.832,RMSE=0.144)performed slightly better than the RNN model(AUC=0.814,RMSE=0.181)in predicting future ***,these models demonstrated an improved prediction of floods compared to previous studies that used different models in the same study *** study showed that the spatially explicit deep learning neural network models are successful in capturing the heterogeneity of spatial patterns of flood probability in the Golestan Province,and the resulting probability maps can be used for the development of mitigation plans in response to the future *** general policy implication of our study suggests that design,implementation,and verification of flood early warning systems should be directed to approximately 40%of the land area characterized by high and very susceptibility to flooding.

关键词： Spatial modeling Machine learning Convolutional neural networks Recurrent neural networks GIS Iran

Connectivity differences between adult male and female patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to resting-state functional MRI

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 119-125页

作者： Bo-yong Park Hyunjin Park Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan University School of Electronic Electrical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR) Institute for Basic Science

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a pervasive psychiatric disorder that affects both children and adults. Adult male and female patients with ADHD are differentially affected, but few studies have explored the differences. The purpose of this study was to quantify differences between adult male and female patients with ADHD based on neuroimaging and connectivity analysis. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and preprocessed in 82 patients. Group-wise differences between male and female patients were quantified using degree centrality for different brain regions. The medial-, middle-, and inferior-frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, precuneus, supramarginal gyrus, superior- and middle-temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and cuneus were identified as regions with significant group-wise differences. The identified regions were correlated with clinical scores reflecting depression and anxiety and significant correlations were found. Adult ADHD patients exhibit different levels of depression and anxiety depending on sex, and our study provides insight into how changes in brain circuitry might differentially impact male and female ADHD patients.

关键词： neural regeneration connectivity attention deficit hyperactivity disorder sex difference functional magnetic resonance imaging depression anxiety network analysis degree centrality diagnostic and statistical manual score

Source apportionment and distribution of atmospheric mercury in urban Beijing, China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2010年第2期29卷 182-190页

作者： ZHOU Xiaocheng DU Jianguo WANG Chuanyuan LIU Sujian School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China institute of Earthquake science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China Yantai institute of Coastal Zone Research for Sustainable Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Yantai 264003 China Seismological Press China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China

The concentration of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in the atmosphere of urban Beijing was meas-ured from October 2003 to September 2004 to investigate the origins and spatial-temporal variations of atmospheric Hg. The mean value of Hg concentration is 17.1 ng·m-3 (n=653). The atmospheric Hg data showed spatial-temporal variations throughout the duration of our observation. The maximum GEM concentration (53.7 ng·m-3) was observed at Gucheng in the western area of urban Beijing. The GEM concentrations increased from the north to the south of the studied area, and were higher in winter than in summer. The highest and lowest monthly averages of GEM concentrations were measured to be 23.3 and 4.1 ng·m-3 in January and July, respectively. In addition, GEM concentrations are higher in the daytime than at night in Autumn and from 14 March to 15 April, but daily GEM variation showed an inverse pattern from 22 April to 22 May. In winter, two peak values of GEM concentrations occurred at 13:30 and 21:30. Daily variation of GEM concentrations in summer was the lowest in the four seasons. Mercury from coal combustion was estimated to be the main source of anthropogenic emissions in Beijing from October 2003 to September 2004. Additionally, Hg emission from natural gas burning was estimated to be another dominant source of atmospheric Hg in Beijing.

关键词：北京古城城市大气大气汞浓度测定分配中国时空变化创业板

Phase transition and magnetocaloric effect of Ni_(55.2)Mn_(18.6)Ga_(26.2-x)Gd_x (x=0,0.05,0.15) alloys

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Journal of Rare Earths 2009年第5期27卷 875-878页

作者：鲍博龙毅段静芳吴光恒叶荣昌万发荣 School of Materials science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Phase transition process and magnetic entropy change -Delta S of Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2-xGdx(x=0, 0.05, 0.15) alloys were studied. Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.2-xGdx(x=0, 0.05, 0.15) alloys still underwent simultaneous structural and magnetic transitions and transform from ferro-magnetic martensitic phase to paramagnetic austenitic phase during heating. Under a field of 2 T, the maximum magnetic entropy change -Delta S-M of Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.15Gd0.05 alloy was 7.7 J/kg.K at 317 K during heating and 8.6 J/kg.K at 314 K during cooling while it was 11.8 J/kg.K at 317 K in Ni55.2Mn18.6Ga26.05Gd0.15 alloy during heating.

关键词： NiMnGa magnetocaloric effect (MCE) magnetic transition structural transition magnetic entropy change rare earths