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Amount and temperature effects responsible for precipitation isotope variation in the southern slope of Himalayas

Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2013年第2期5卷 165-176页

作者： Tek Bahadur Chhetri TanDong Yao LiDe Tian XinPing Zhang Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Central Dept. of Hydrology and Meteorology Tribhuvan University College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hunan Normal University

Seasonal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation of Kathmandu Valley on the southem slope of Himalaya was carried out to understand the controlling mechanism of amount and temperature effect on the basis of one year stable isotope data from 2010 to 2011. Highly depleted isotope values in major rainy period are obtained just after the onset of precipitation in summer, which ac- counts for ＂amount effect＂ due to saturation isotopic compositions in high moisture condition, whereas, the higher values in winter are indicative to regional vapors （temperature effect） recycling of various sources. An abrupt depletion of isotope values in mid- June, indicates the onset date of monsoon precipitation, by the replacement of winter air mass with southem monsoon. Thus, pre- cipitation isotopes are a tool revealing the onset date of summer monsoon and temporal features of variability, in local and regional monsoons precipitations. A comparison of long term monthly values of 5180, temperature, and precipitation with GNIP 6180 data shows the temporal variations of stable isotopes are mostly controlled by amount and temperature effects. During summer mon- soon, the amount effects are stronger for high values of precipitation （R=0.7） and altitude effect appears for low moisture in late rainy season, thus from December to June （winter to pre-monsoon） the controlling features of isotopes remains under the temper- ature effect. A temporal rate of temperature effect is derived as 0.04%0 per year which indicates a dry signal of atmospheric condition and a temperature relation 5180=（0.371±0.08）T＋（0.156±0.05） is obtained from this analysis. The meteoric water lines of Kathmandu before and after monsoon onset of 2011, are found as 5D=（4.36±0.3）5180＋（15.66±1.2） and 5D=（6.91±0.2）S180-（7.92±2.26） from lab samples result, and 5D=9.25180＋11.725 and 5D=8.535180＋16.65 from GNIP data, which lacks the consistency both for slopes and intercepts values for the study period. The mean lapse rate val

关键词： amount effect temperature effect precipitation meteoric water line

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Composition, spatial distribution, and environmental significance of water ions in Pumayum Co catchment, southern Tibet

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2010年第1期20卷 109-120页

作者： ZHU Liping JU Jianting WANG Yong XIE Manping WANG Junbo PENG Ping ZHEN Xiaolin LIN Xiao Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research CAS Beijing 100085 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The chemistry of major cations （Mg^2＋, Ca^2＋, Na^＋, and K^＋） and anions （HCO3^-, SO4^2-, and CI^-） in the water of Lake Pumayum Co and its inflow river was studied, revealing the obvious ionic difference among various inflow rivers and the lake. The chemical type of the lake water was Mg^2＋-Ca^2＋-HCO3^- -SO^2＋, but the major ions of the main inflow rivers were Ca^2＋-Mg^2＋-HCO3^-. In the lake inlet of Jiaqu River, the main inflow river, there was significant variance of water chemistry within the depth less than 2 m. However, it was almost homogeneous at other area of the lake. Therefore, with the evidence of distribution of water chemistry and oxygen isotope of lake water, a conclusion can be outlined that Jiaqu River had a distinct effect on the hydrochemistry of the water on the submerged delta, whereas this is not the case for other rivers. The Gibbs plot revealed that the dominant mechanism responsible for controlling chemical compositions of the lake water was rocks weathering in the drainage area. Ion ratios and ternary plots further explored the main processes controlling the water chemistry of the catchment, i.e., carbonate weathering, pyrite weathering, and silicate weathering. The different hydrochemistry characteristics between river water and lake water may result from the CaCO3 precipitation. The findings will benefit the explanation of the environmental significance of carbonate in paleolimnological studies in the lake.

关键词： Lake Pumayum Co hydrochemistry spatial distribution sedimentary process carbonate

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