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Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos Daskalakis Mohamed H.Hassan Abdalla M.Omar Paulo Bartolo EODH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(MAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. The proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. The design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of Metal Matrix Composite(MMC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. The composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

关键词： Passive armour protection Protective armour Ballistic performance Hybrid composites Vehicle protection

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Utilization of spent substrates and waste products of mushroom cultivation to produce new crops of Pleurotus ostreatus,Pleurotus eryngii and Agaricus bisporus

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2024年第2期7卷 50-63,F0004页

作者： Marianna Dedousi Eirini-Maria Melanouri Dimitris Karayannis Eleftherios-Ikaros Kaminarides Panagiota Diamantopoulou Laboratory of Edible Fungi Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products(ITAP)Hellenic Agricultural OrganizationDimitra(ELGO-Dimitra)1 S.Venizelou str.14123 LykovryssiAttikiGreece Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Department of Food Science and NutritionAgricultural University of Athens75 Iera Odos Str.11855 AthensGreece Green Zin S.A.Agriculture 37008 PaliouriSourpiGreece

Five agro-industrial residues,their corresponding spent mushroom substrates(SMS),commercial fresh and spent mushroom compost of Agaricus(SMC)and Pleurotus ostreatus(SMS GZ)cultivation,Pleurotus and Agaricus waste(stipes/mishappen mushrooms)were combined and re-utilized as novel substrates for the cultivation of ***,*** and *** ***/SMC were used up to 40%(treatment 1 and 2),while 20%of mushroom waste were added in fresh and spent substrates(treatment 3 and 4).The impact of different substrates on mycelial growth rate and biomass production was ***,Pleurotus *** cultivated on the most promising substrates and essential cultivation aspects(earliness,total mushroom yield,biological efficiency-BE)and carposomes’quality parameters(weight,morphological characteristics)were *** and endoglucanase production by Pleurotus species were also determined at 50 and 100%of colonization *** species showed their fastest mycelial growth rate(up to 5 mm/day)on substrates consisted of SMC,whereas many combinations of species/substrate enhanced biomass *** SMS GZ supplementation positively affected laccase activity;in the cultures of *** and *** the highest values were 62,539 and 17,584 U/g d.w.,*** the contrary,small amounts of endoglucanase were produced(0.007 to 0.322 U/g d.w.);the greatest production was recorded for *** at full *** fermentation in bags,significant amount of total mushroom yield was produced in all substrates and those with SMS GZ supported the fastest earliness period and the highest BE for both Pleurotus *** values ranged from 54 to 133%for *** and from 53 to 121%for *** morphological characteristics,mushroom waste addition seemed to affect them *** data included in this paper support the effective re-utilization of different types of SMS and mushroom waste for fungal mass and enzymes’productio

关键词： Oyster mushroom Button mushroom Spent mushroom compost Stipes Misshapen mushrooms Glucosamine Laccase Endoglucanase Earliness Biological efficiency

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Advanced cement based nanocomposites reinforced with MWCNTs and CNFs

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 142-149页

作者： Emmanuel E. GDOUTOS Maria S. KONSTA-GDOUTOS Panagiotis A. DANOGLIDIS Surendra P. SHAH Department of Civil Engineering Democritus University of Thrace GR 671 O0 Xanthi Greece Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA

Cementitious materials reinforced with well dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） and carbon nanofibers （CNFs） at the nanoscale were fabricated and tested. The MWCNTs and CNFs were dispersed by the application of ultrasonic energy and the use of a superplasticizer. Mechanical and fracture properties including flexural strength, Young＇s modulus, flexural and fracture toughness were measured and compared with similarly processed reference cement based mixes without the nano-reinforcement. The MWCNTs and CNFs reinforced mortars exhibited superior properties demonstrated by a significant improvement in flexural strength （106%）, Young＇s modulus （95%）, flexural toughness （105%）, effective crack length （30%） and fracture toughness （120%）.

关键词： multi-walled carbon nanotubes carbon nanofibers mortars toughness Young's modulus

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Testing Taylor’s Power Law association of maize interplant variation with mean grain yield

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第12期21卷 3569-3577页

作者： Chrysanthi PANKOU Louloudia KOULYMBOUDI Fokion PAPATHANASIOU Fotakis GEKAS Ioannis PAPADOPOULOS Evaggelia SINAPIDOU Ioannis S.TOKATLIDIS Department of Agricultural Development Democritus University of ThraceOrestiada 68200Greece Department of Agriculture University of Western MacedoniaFlorina 53100Greece Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Democritus University of ThraceAlexandroupolis 68100Greece

Plant-to-plant variability is a crop stability *** objective of this study in maize(Zea mays L.)was to test the validity of the theoretical background of the hypothesis that the coefficient of variation(CV)for grain yield per plant and mean yield are connected exponentially,following the Taylor’s Power Law(TPL)*** experimentation was conducted across two sites,two seasons,and two planting *** were the main plots,corresponding to the typical practice of 8.89 plants m–2(TCD)and the low-input optimal of 5.33 plants m–2(LCD),while hybrids were the *** from 26 subplots in the first site averaged CV values of 22.6%at the TCD and 21.9%at the LCD,and mean yields of 19.1 and 13.9 t ha–1,respectively,following the TPL *** same was true for the second site,with average CVs and means of 41.5%and 14.3 t ha–1 at the TCD and 36.8%and 11.5 t ha–1 at the LCD.A test was performed on the simple correlation between the logarithms of variances and their respective means to investigate whether there is a systematic variance dependence on mean,thus questioning the reliability of *** validity of TPL was verified in the first ***,there was a systematic dependence of yield variance on mean yield in the second site,implying that the CV-yield correlation might be not biologically *** of the variance to remove its dependence on the mean did not validate the CV-yield negative relationship,meaning that caution is needed when interpreting the CV as a stability index for intra-crop *** the determinant factor of invalidity of TPL was the extensive intra-crop variation in the lower yielding second site can be assessed in future research.

关键词： coefficient of variation(CV) intra-genotype competition acquired inequality

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Modeling nonstationary extreme wave heights in present and future climates of greek Seas

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 21-32页

作者： Panagiota Galiatsatou Christina Anagnostopoulou Panayotis Prinos Hydraulics Laboratory Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Research Department of Civil Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Meteorology and Climatology School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

In this study the generalized extreme value （GEV） distribution function was used to assess nonstationarity in annual maximum wave heights for selected locations in the greek Seas, both in the present and future climates. The available significant wave height data were divided into groups corresponding to the present period （1951-2000）, a first future period （2001-2050）, and a second future period （2051-2100）. For each time period, the parameters of the GEV distribution were specified as functions of time-varying covariates and estimated using the conditional density network （CDN）. For each location and selected time period, a total number of 29 linear and nonlinear models were fitted to the wave data, for a given combination of covariates. The covariates used in the GEV-CDN models consisted of wind fields resulting from the Regional Climate Model version 3 （RegCM3） developed by the International Center for Theoretical Physics （ICTP） with a spatial resolution of 10 km ×10 km, after being processed using principal component analysis （PCA）. The results obtained from the best fitted models in the present and future periods for each location were compared, revealing different patterns of relationships between wind components and extreme wave height quantiles in different parts of the greek Seas and different periods. The analysis demonstrates an increase of extreme wave heights in the first future period as compared with the present period, causing a significant threat to greek coastal areas in the North Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea.

关键词： Wave extremes Climate change Nonstationarity GEV-CDN Principal component analysis

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Review of state-of-the-art decision support systems (DSSs) for prevention and suppression of forest fires

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1107-1117页

作者： Stavros Sakellariou Stergios Tampekis Fani Samara Athanassios Sfougaris Olga Christopoulou Department of Planning and Regional Development University of Thessaly 38334 Volos Greece Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly 38446 Volos Greece

Forest ecosystems are our priceless natural resource and are a key component of the global carbon budget. Forest fires can be a hazard to the viability and sustainable management of forests with consequences for natural and cultural environments, economies, and the life quality of local and regional populations. Thus, the selection of strategies to manage forest fires, while considering both functional and economic efficiency, is of primary importance. The use of decision support systems(DSSs) by managers of forest fires has rapidly increased. This has strengthened capacity to prevent and suppress forest fires while protecting human lives and property. DSSs are a tool that can benefit incident management and decision making and policy, especially for emergencies such as natural disasters. In this study we reviewed state-of-the-art DSSs that use: database management systems and mathematical/economic algorithms for spatial optimization of firefighting forces; forest fire simulators and satellite technology for immediate detection and prediction of evolution of forest fires; GIS platforms that incorporate several tools to manipulate, process and analyze geographic data and develop strategic and operational plans.

关键词： Decision support systems Fire behavior simulation Forest fires Geographic information system Mathematical algorithms Risk management

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Volumetric assessment of hepatic grafts using a light detection and ranging system for 3D scanning:Preliminary data

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1504-1511页

作者： Georgios Katsanos Konstantina-Eleni Karakasi Ion-Anastasios Karolos Athanasios Kofinas Nikolaos Antoniadis Vassilios Tsioukas Georgios Tsoulfas Department of Transplantation Medical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiHippokration General HospitalThessaloniki 54642Greece Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation has evolved into a safe life-saving operation and remains the golden standard in the treatment of end stage liver *** main limiting factor in the application of liver transplantation is graft *** strategies have been developed in order to alleviate graft shortage,such as living donor partial liver transplantation and split liver transplantation for adult and pediatric *** these strategies,liver volume assessment is of paramount importance,as size mismatch can have severe consequences in the success of liver *** To evaluate the safety,feasibility,and accuracy of light detection and ranging(LIDAR)3D photography in the prediction of whole liver graft volume and *** Seven liver grafts procured for orthotopic liver transplantation from brain deceased donors were prospectively measured with an LIDAR handheld camera and their mass was calculated and compared to their actual *** The mean error of all measurements was 17.03 g(range 3.56-59.33 g).Statistical analysis of the data yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient index of 0.9968,indicating a strong correlation between the values and a Student’s t-test P value of *** accuracy of the measurements was calculated at 97.88%.CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that LIDAR scanning of liver grafts is a safe,cost-effective,and feasible method of ex vivo determination of whole liver volume and *** data are needed to determine the precision and accuracy of this method.

关键词： Light detection and ranging Graft volume 3dscan Ex vivo volumetry Liver grafts

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Determination of fire risk to assist fire management for insular areas: the case of a small greek island

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 589-601页

作者： S.Sakellariou S.Tampekis F.Samara M.Flannigan D.Jaeger O.Christopoulou A.Sfougaris Department of Planning and Regional Development University of Thessaly Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Institute of Forest Sciences Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of FreiburgChair of Forest Operations Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly

Forest fire risk estimation constitutes an essential process to prevent high-intensity fires which are associated with severe implications to the natural and cultural environment. The primary aim of this research was to determine fire risk levels based on the local features of an island,namely, the impact of fuel structures, slope, aspects, as well as the impact of the road network and inhabited regions. The contribution of all the involved factors to forest fires ignition and behavior highlight certain regions which are highly vulnerable. In addition, the influence of both natural and anthropogenic factors to forest fire phenomena is explored. In this study, natural factors play a dominant role compared to anthropogenic factors. Hence essential preventative measures must focus on specific areas and established immediately. Indicative measures may include: the optimal allocation of watchtowers as well as the spatial optimization of mobile firefighting vehicles;and, forest fuel treatments in areas characterized by extremely high fire risk. The added value of this fire prediction tool is that it is highly flexible and could be adopted elsewhere with the necessary adjustments to local characteristics.

关键词： Forest fires Fire risk Multi-criteria analysis Fire prevention GIS Greece

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Neighborhood environment,physical activity,and quality of life in adults:Intermediary effects of personal and psychosocial factors

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 96-102页

作者： Eleni Theodoropoulou Nektarios A.M.Stavrou Konstantinos Karteroliotis School of Physical Education and Sport Science National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 17237Greece

Background: Studies have indicated that there is a positive and indirect relationship between physical activity(PA) and quality of life(QoL). The current study examined this relationship through a social cognitive model with consideration to the intermediary effects of exercise self-efficacy,and physical(PCS, physical component summary) and psychological(MCS, mental component summary) health. Additionally, this model was widened to include concepts from the ecological theory, and any causal associations among neighborhood environment, PA, and ***: Six hundred and eighty-four physically active adults(39.16 ± 13.52 years, mean ± SD), living in Athens, Greece, completed a series of questionnaires measuring PA, QoL, exercise self-efficacy, PCS, MCS, neighborhood environment, and family and friend support for PA. The examined models were analyzed using structural equation ***: The social cognitive and ecological models proved to be of appropriate fit. Within the social cognitive model, PA positively affected QoL through the mediating effects of exercise self-efficacy, PCS, and MCS. With regards to the ecological model, neighborhood environment positively influenced QoL through the intermediary effects of family support for PA, exercise self-efficacy, PA, PCS, and ***: Results indicated that the most important mediators in the examined models were exercise self-efficacy and health. Further, findings demonstrated the role of neighborhood environment in enhancing PA and QoL. Future studies should be carried out applying longitudinal data for a better understanding of these associations over time.

关键词： Cognitive Ecological Health Self-efficacy Structural equation modeling

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Exploring speeding behavior using naturalistic car driving data from smartphones

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2023年第6期10卷 1162-1173页

作者： Armira Kontaxi Dimosthenis-Marios Tzoutzoulis Apostolos Ziakopoulos George Yannis Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering National Technical University of AthensZografou 15773AthensGreece

The present research aimed to identify critical factors that affect speeding *** that purpose,high-resolution smartphone data collected from a naturalistic driving experiment of 88 drivers were utilized,augmented with data from self-reported *** risk exposure and driving behavior indicators calculated from smartphone sensor data,as well as demographic characteristics and self-reported driving performance,statistical analysis was carried out for modelling the percentage of driving time over the speed limit,namely by means of generalized linear mixed-effects *** precisely,an overall model was developed for all road environments,and additional separate models were developed for driving on urban and rural *** results from the interpretation of the estimated parameters of the models can be summarized as follows:the parameters of trip distance and mobile phone use while driving have been determined as statistically significant and positively correlated with the percentage of speeding time during a driver's *** the same context,male drivers and drivers in the age group of18-34 also increase the percentages of speeding instances while *** driving behavior as stated on the questionnaire,it seems that low frequencies of self-declared speeding(never or rarely)are statistically significant and negatively correlated with the percentage of speeding *** is expected that this research can provide considerable gains to society,since the stakeholders including policy makers and industry could rely on the results and recommendations regarding risk factors that appear to be critical for safe driving.

关键词： Road safety Driving behavior Speeding Big data Smartphone application

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