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Big Earth Data 2023年第4期7卷 937-960页

作者： Sarvarbek Eltazarov Ihtiyor Bobojonov Lena Kuhn Thomas Glauben Department of Agricultural Markets Marketing and World Agricultural TradeLeibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies(IAMO)HalleGermany

Open-access gridded climate products have been suggested as a potential source of data for index insurance design and operation in data-limited ***,index insurance requires climate data with long historical records,global geographical coverage and fine spatial resolution at the same time,which is nearly impossible to satisfy,especially with open-access *** this paper,we spatially downscaled gridded climate data(precipitation,temperature,and soil moisture)in coarse spatial resolution with globally available longterm historical records to finer spatial resolution,using satellite-based data and machine learning *** then investigated the effect of index insurance contracts based on downscaled climate data for hedging spring wheat *** study employed countylevel spring wheat yield data between 1982 and 2018 from 56 counties overall in Kazakhstan and *** results showed that in the majority of cases(70%),hedging effectiveness of index insurances increases when climate data is spatially downscaled with a machine learning *** improvements are statistically significant(p≤0.05).Among other climate data,more improvements in hedging effectiveness were observed when the insurance design was based on downscaled temperature and precipitation ***,this study highlights the reasonability and benefits of downscaling climate data for insurance design and operation.

关键词： Climate risk management risk reduction extreme weather random forest ESA parametric insurance

VA-Creator-A Virtual Appliance Creator based on adaptive Neural Networks to generate synthetic power consumption patterns

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Energy and AI 2024年第4期18卷 160-200页

作者： Michael Meiser Benjamin Duppe Ingo Zinnikus Alexander Anisimov Deutsches Forschungszentrum für künstliche Intelligenz(DFKI) Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3Saarbrücken66123SaarlandGermany Saarland Informatics Campus Universität des SaarlandesCampusSaarbrücken66123SaarlandGermany

With the advent of the Smart Home domain and the increasingly widespread application of Machine Learning(ML),obtaining power consumption data is becoming more and more *** real-world energy data using sensors is time consuming,expensive,error-prone and in some situations not ***,we present the VA-Creator,a framework to create Virtual Appliances(VAs).These VAs synthesize power consumption patterns(PCPs)based on Neural Networks(NNs)which adapt their architecture to the training data structure to simplify the creation of new *** be able to generate all appliance types available in a typical household we use various kinds of NN,including Multilayer Perceptrons(MLPs),Long Short-Term Memorys(LSTMs)and a specific Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)as well as different ML techniques such as XGBoost,selecting the appropriate technique depending on each appliance’s *** then compare the results of the ML models against real data and evaluate them by using Dynamic time Warping(DTW)as well as the classification performance of an MLP discriminator as ***,to ensure that the VAs allow to meaningfully train ML models,we use them to generate synthetic data and then train Non intrusive Load Monitoring(NILM)models in an extensive *** presented evaluation provides evidence that the VA models produce realistic and meaningful results.

关键词： Smart Home Synthetic Sensor Data Energy data Virtual Appliance Machine Learning Neural Networks Multilayer Perceptron Generative Adversarial Network Dynamic Time Warping Transfer Learning Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring NILMTK

On the relationship between plant species diversity and genetic diversity of Plantago lanceolata(Plantaginaceae)within and between grassland communities

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第1期3卷 41-48页

作者： Nidal Odat Frank H.Hellwig Gottfried Jetschke Markus Fischer Institute of Ecology Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityDornburger Straße 15907743 JenaGermany Department of Biology Al-Hussein Bin Talal UniversityPO Box 20Ma’anJordan Institute of Systematic Botany Friedrich-Schiller-UniversityPhilosophenweg 16D-07743 JenaGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland

Aims and Methods The relationship between genetic diversity and species diversity and the underlying mechanisms are of both fundamental and applied *** used amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP)and vegetation records to investigate the association between genetic diversity of Plantago lanceolata and plant species diversity using 15 grassland communities in central *** used correlation and partial correlation analyses to examine whether relationships between genetic and species diversity were direct or mediated by environmental differences between *** Findings Both within-and between-population genetic diversity of *** were significantly positively correlated with plant species diversity within and between *** and partial correlations revealed that the positive correlations indirectly resulted from the effects of abiotic habitat characteristics on plant species diversity and,via abundance,on genetic diversity of ***,they did not reflect a direct causal relationship between plant species diversity and genetic diversity of ***,as would have been expected based on the hypothesis of a positive relationship between plant species diversity and niche diversity.

关键词： diversity biodiversity conservation ecological niche genetic diversity species richness

Social and Ecological Constraints on Decision Making by Transhumant Pastoralists: A Case Study from the Moroccan Atlas Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第3期9卷 307-321页

作者： Zakia AKASBI Jens OLDELAND Jürgen DENGLER Manfred FINCKH Biodiversity Evolution and Ecology of PlantsBiocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical GardenUniversity of HamburgOhnhorststr.1822609 HamburgGermany Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II B.P.6202 les instituts10000-RabatMorocco

Transhumant pastoralism is an important activity in southern Morocco. Migration pattern of transhumant pastoralists can be affected by physical factors (e.g. droughts and diseases) or socioeconomic factors (e.g. schooling options for children and migration costs). We studied the spatio-temporal rangeland usage of the three tribes Ait Mgoun, Ait Zekri, and Ait Toumert in the south-central Atlas region with a two-fold approach. First, we tracked the migration movements of one representative transhumant herd using the Advanced Research and Global Observation Satellite (ARGOS) collars, which record coordinates from satellite signals. Second, we interviewed herders to obtain information about general grazing practices of the respective tribe and to gain more direct information on motivations underlying decisions. For each tribe we observed small-, medium- and large-scale movements. We found that the most important drivers of migration decisions were seasonal fodder availability and weather conditions in combination with herd-specific risk and cost assessment, as well as personal factors. In conclusion, general migration patterns vary in time, both between and within the tribes, but according to a regulatory framework. Moreover, it appears that both the customary rules and its flexible adaptation to physical constraints are generally beneficial in terms of conservation of the arid and semiarid rangeland resources.

关键词： Ait Mgoun Ait Zekri Ait Toumert ARGOS Goat grazing High Atlas Jebel Saghro Migration pattern Rangeland Small ruminant Transhumance

Scientific geodata infrastructures: challenges, approaches and directions

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第7期7卷 613-633页

作者： Lars Bernard Stephan Mas Matthias Muller Christin Henzen Johannes Brauner Department of Geosciences Faculty of Environmental SciencesTechnische Universitat DresdenDresdenGermany

Based on various experiences in developing Geodata Infrastructures(GDIs)for scientific applications,this article proposes the concept of a Scientific GDI that can be used by scientists in environmental and earth sciences to share and disseminate their research results and related analysis *** GDI is understood as an approach to tackle the science case in Digital Earth and to further enhance e-science for environmental *** Scientific GDI to support the research community in efficiently exchanging data and methods related to the various scientific disciplines forming the basis of environmental studies poses numerous challenges on today’s GDI *** paper summarizes requirements and recommendations on the publication of scientific geospatial data and on functionalities to be provided in Scientific *** practices and open issues for governance and policies of a Scientific GDI are discussed and are concluded by deriving a research agenda for the next decade.

关键词： scientific geodata infrastructure sharing environmental models geospatial cyberinfrastructure e-science spatial data infrastructure

Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Ngaoundaba Crater Lake sediments,northern Cameroon:implications for provenance and trace metals status

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第5期40卷 718-738页

作者： Armel Zacharie Ekoa Bessa John SArmstrong-Altrin Gentry Calistus Fuh Thierry Bineli Betsi Tebogo Kelepile Paul-DesireNdjigui Department of Earth Sciences University of Yaounde IP.O.Box 812YaoundeCameroon Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Ciencias del Mar Y LimnologıaUnidad de Procesos Oceanicos y CosterosCircuito exterior s/n04510 MexicoD.F.Mexico Department of Mining and Geological Engineering Botswana International University of Sciences and TechnologyPrivate Bag 16PalapyeBotswana

This study was conducted on the Ngaoundaba Crater Lake sediments to infer provenance,weathering conditions,organic matter accumulation,and trace metal *** Lake sediments were collected using a manual core sampler at 5 to 8 m water *** sediment cores from the littoral and center of the lake were analyzed for grain size distribution,water content(WC),organic matter content,mineralogy,and major and trace element *** Ngaoundaba sediments were classified as silt and sandy *** show high content in organic matter,which is more to the littoral than to the center of the lake,varying from 14.6%to 24%and21.2%to 40.8%,*** grain surface features identified by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)show both chemical and mechanical microtextures with subrounded to angular shape suggesting both proximal and distal *** lake sediments are composed of quartz,kaolinite,and hematite,with low amounts of feldspars,rutile,calcite,illite,and *** indices such as the chemical index of alteration(CIA),chemical index of weathering(CIW),and index of compositional variability(ICV)indicate moderate to intense chemical weathering in the source area and immature to mature *** geochemical composition indicates that the sediments were derived from felsic to intermediate igneous rocks,such as granitoids,and mafic alkali lavas like *** environmental risk assessment of trace metals obtained by enrichment factor(EF)and geo-accumulation index(I-geo)shows low contamination of the lake sediments.

关键词： Ngaoundaba Crater Lake Mineralogy Geochemistry Provenance Metal traces status

Morphology-and ion size-induced actuation of carbon nanotube architectures

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2018年第2期9卷 111-134,I0004页

作者： Sebastian M.Geier Thorsten Mahrholz Peter Wierach Michael Sinapius aInstitute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems German Aerospace Center(DLR)BraunschweigGermany Institute of Adaptronics and Function Integration Technical University Carolo-Wilhelmina BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany

Future adaptive applications require lightweight and stiff materials with high active strain but low energy consumption.A suitable combination of these properties is offered by carbon nanotubebased *** made of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are charged within an electrolyte,which results in an electrical field forming a double-layer of ions at their surfaces and a deflection of the papers can be *** now,there is no generally accepted theory for the actuation *** study focuses on the actuation mechanism of CNT papers,which represent architectures of randomly oriented *** samples are tested electrochemically in an in-plane set-up to detect the free *** elastic modulus of the CNT papers is analyzed in a tensile test *** influence of various ion sizes of water-based electrolytes is *** the tests,four parameters that have a significant influence on the mechanical performance of CNT papers were identified:the test conditions,the electrical charging,the microstructure and the ion *** of these influencing factors point to the mechanically weak inter-tube linking at which the actuation seems to take *** voltage-strain correlation suggests a combination of electrostatic and volumetric effects as the possible reason for CNT paper actuation.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes actuators carbon nanotube papers actuation mechanism ion size

Micro Flow-Through Thermocycler with Simple Meandering Channel with Symmetric Temperature Zones for Disposable PCR-Devices in Microscope Slide Format

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第4期5卷 291-298页

作者： Anett Reichert Jana Felbel Mark Kielpinski Matthias Urban Benno Steinbrecht Thomas Henkel Microfluidics Department Institute of Photonic Technology Arvato Digital Services Manufacturing EMEA

Chip-based flow-through PCR implements the PCR as a continuous process for nucleic acid analytics. The sample is transported in a winding channel through temperature zones required for denaturation, annealing and extension. Main fields of application are the monitoring of continuous processes for rapid identification of contaminants and quality control as well as high throughput screening of cells or microorganisms. A modular arrangement with five heating zones for flow-through PCR is discussed and evaluated. The special heater arrangement allows the implementation of up to 40 cycles on the footprint of a microscope slide, which is placed on top ofa 5 zones heating plate. Liquid/liquid two phase flow of PCR reaction mixture and mineral oil have been applied to create a segmented flow process scheme. In that way, the developed system may provide flow-through PCR as a unit operation for the droplet based microfluidics platform. The single use of disposable devices is commonly preferred due to the sensitivity of the PCR process to contaminations. All-glass microfluidic chips and disposable chip devices, made from polycarbonate as a replication with identically geometry, have been fabricated and tested. For the first time, microchannel geometries with nearly circular profile developed by all-glass technology have been transferred to mass fabrication by injection compression molding. Both devices have been successfully applied for the detection of the tumor suppressor gene p53. Although product yield and selectivity of the amplification process do not depend on the chip material, a well defined, reliable segmented flow regime could only be realized in the all-glass chip.

关键词： lab-on-a-chip PCR microfluidics two-phase-flow injection molding point-of-care biomedical

Machine learning based state-of-charge prediction of electrochemical green hydrogen production:Zink-Zwischenschritt-Elektrolyseur(ZZE)

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 269-276页

作者： Daniel Vila Elisabeth Hornberger Christina Toigo STOFF2 GmbH–Gebäude H/Flughafen Tegel 1 13405 BerlinGermany University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria Stelzhamerstraße 23A-4600 WelsAustria Centre for Economic Research on Inclusivity and Sustainability at the University of Galway University RoadGalwayIreland

The intermittency of renewable energy is a key limiting factor for the successful decarbonization of both energy producing and consuming sectors. Green hydrogen has the potential to act as the central energy vector connecting hard-to-abate sectors to renewable power. However, combining energy storage and conversion for a holistic electrolyzer system remains challenging. Here, we show the innovative Zink-Zwischenschritt Elektrolyseur (ZZE), or Zinc Intermediate step Electrolyzer in English, that temporarily decouples the water splitting reaction and uses zinc to store electrical energy in chemical form. To perform optimal operation of a ZZE system, machine learning models were applied to predict the state of charge of a lab scale ZZE system. Using various models, we were able to determine the effectiveness of the prediction and contrast it to state of charge predictions of other energy storage systems. We show that a bi-directional long short-term memory neural network approach has the lowest error within the testing environment. This work serves to perform further ZZE development as well as state of charge prediction for other novel energy storage technologies.

关键词： Electrolyzer Battery ZZE Energy storage State of charge Machine learning Sequence-to-sequence model

Tissue-specific signatures of metabolites and proteins in asparagus roots and exudates

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 1044-1057页

作者： Stefanie Doll Roxana Djalali Farahani-Kofoet Rita Zrenner Andrea Henze Katja Witzel Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 306120 Halle/SaaleGermany Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 114979 GroßbeerenGermany University of Potsdam Institute of Nutritional ScienceArthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-11614558 NuthetalGermany Present address:german Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Comprehensive untargeted and targeted analysis of root exudate composition has advanced our understanding of rhizosphere ***,little is known about exudate spatial distribution and *** studied the specific metabolite signatures of asparagus root exudates,root outer(epidermis and exodermis),and root inner tissues(cortex and vasculature).The greatest differences were found between exudates and root *** total,263 non-redundant metabolites were identified as significantly differentially abundant between the three root fractions,with the majority being enriched in the root exudate and/or outer tissue and annotated as‘lipids and lipid-like molecules’or‘phenylpropanoids and polyketides’.Spatial distribution was verified for three selected compounds using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry ***-specific proteome analysis related root tissue-specific metabolite distributions and rhizodeposition with underlying biosynthetic pathways and transport *** proteomes of root outer and inner tissues were spatially very distinct,in agreement with the fundamental differences between their functions and *** to KEGG pathway analysis,the outer tissue proteome was characterized by a high abundance of proteins related to‘lipid metabolism’,‘biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites’and‘transport and catabolism’,reflecting its main functions of providing a hydrophobic barrier,secreting secondary metabolites,and mediating water and nutrient *** more abundant in the inner tissue related to‘transcription’,‘translation’and‘folding,sorting and degradation’,in accord with the high activity of cortical and vasculature cell layers in growth-and development-related *** summary,asparagus root fractions accumulate specific *** expands our knowledge of tissue-specific plant cell function.

关键词： function outer signature