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Hunting for a viral proxy in bioaerosols of swine buildings using molecular detection and metagenomics

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 69-78页

作者： Valérie Létourneau Marie-Josée Gagné Jonathan M.Vyskocil Vincent Brochu Kim Robitaille Martin Gauthier Julie Brassard Caroline duchaine quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre-UniversitéLaval 2725 Chemin Sainte-FoyQuebecG1V 4G5Canada Saint-Hyacinthe Research and development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada3600 Casavant Boulevard WestSaint-HyacintheJ2S 8E3Canada department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Bio-informaticsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversitéLaval1045 Avenue de la MédecineQuebecG1V 0A6Canada The Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Universitéde Montréal3200 Rue SicotteSaint-HyacintheJ2S 2M2Canada

There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in *** effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are *** and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious *** particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air *** DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput *** astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air *** torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were *** phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.

关键词： Bioaerosols Viral metagenomics Astrovirus Aerococcus phage Swine buildings

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A kaleidoscopic hydrogel canvas for information encoding, encryption, and decryption via chemical-induced phase separation

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Science China Materials 2025年第2期68卷 571-580页

作者： Jun-Bo Hou Yue Zhao Département de chimie Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébec J1K 2R1Canada

Constructing an information storage or communication system, where countless pieces of information canbe hidden like a canvas and revealed on demand throughspecific stimuli or decoding rules, is significant. In the presentstudy, we developed a hydrogel canvas that leverages noncovalentinteractions to induce phase separation in the polymer matrix, creating various “paintings”, including custommessages, using different chemical inks. Our strategy focuseson designing small molecule inks, with varying affinities withthe hydrogel and specific responsiveness to stimuli, to achievemultiple changes such as color shifts, fluorescence emission,and dynamic optical image evolution. This skips the typicaldesign approaches, such as incorporating responsive fluorophoresinto polymers for color emission through grafting orcopolymerization, and thus avoids the complex processes involved in modifying and synthesizing functional polymers,along with the uncertainties in material properties that theseprocesses bring.

关键词： hydrogel canvas chemicals-induced phase separation multistage encryption and decryption self-erasing

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Diesel engine exhaust exposures in two underground mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第4期27卷 641-645页

作者： debia Maximilien Couture Caroline Njanga Pierre-Eric Neesham-Grenon Eve Lachapelle Guillaume Coulombe Hugo Hallé Stéphane Aubin Simon department of Environmental and Occupational Health School of Public Health Universite de Montreal 2375 chemin de la Cote Ste-Catherine Montreal H3T IA8 Canada department of Mechanical Engineering F.cole de Technologie Superieure 1100 rue Notre-Dame Ouest Montreal H3C 1K3 Canada Health and Safety Agnico Eagie Mines 145 King Street East Suite 400 Toronto MSC 2Y7 Canada Health and Safety Westwood Mine (IAMGOLD) Chemin Arthur Doyon PreissacJOY 2EO Canada Institut de recherche Robert-Sauve en sante et en securite du travail (IRSST) 505 Boul. de Maisonneuve Ouest Montreal H3A 3C2 Canada

Exposure to diesel engine exhaust(de) is a major concern in underground mines. It has been linked to cardiopulmonary diseases and is classified as a human carcinogen. The goal of this study is to assess de exposures in workers at two underground gold mines, to compare exposure levels within and between the mines, and to compare different methods of measuring de exposures, namely respirable combustible dust(RCD), elemental carbon(EC) and total carbon(TC). Ambient and personal breathing zone(PBZ) measurements were taken. Side-by-side monitoring of RCD and of the respirable fraction of EC and TC(EC_Rand TC_R) was carried out in the workers' breathing zone during full-shift *** ambient measurements, in addition to EC_R, TC_Rand RCD, a submicron aerosol fraction(less than 1 mm) of EC and TC was also sampled(EC_1and TC_1). Average ambient results of 240 mg/m^3 in RCD, 150 mg/m^3 in EC_Rand 210 mg/m^3 in TC_Rare obtained. Average PBZ results of 190 mg/m^3 in RCD,84 mg/m^3 in EC3Rand 150 mg/min TC_Rare obtained. Very good correlation is found between EC_Rand EC_1 with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.99(p etween the two logtransformed concentrations. No differences are reported between EC_Rand EC_1, nor between TC_Rand TC_1, since ratios are equal to 1.04, close to 1, in both cases. Highest exposures are reported for loadhaul-dump(LHD) and jumbo drill operators and conventional miners. Significant exposure differences are reported between mines for truck and LHD operators(p etation of results when relying only on TC data.

关键词： Diesel exposure Underground mine Respirable combustible dust Elemental carbon Total carbon Diesel particulate matter Similar exposure groups

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Parallel personal measurements of diesel engine exhaust and crystalline silica using dual sampling port

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第3期30卷 313-319页

作者： Alan Fleck Caroline Couture Virginie Cabelguen Patrick Eddy Ryan Ross Thuot Guillaume Lachapelle Hugo Coulombe Maximilien debia department of Environmental and Occupational Health University of MontrealMontreal H3T 1A8Canada Health and Safety Agnico Eagle MinesToronto M5C 2Y7Canada Health and Safety Westwood Mine(IAMGOLD)Preissac J0Y 2E0Canada

Diesel engine exhaust(deE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of deE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field *** tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure *** in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.

关键词： Crystalline silica Diesel engine exhaust dual-port Mining Monitoring

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Evasive attacks against autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in power systems

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 126-135页

作者： Yew Meng Khaw Amir Abiri Jahromi Mohammadreza F.M.Arani deepa Kundur department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of TorontoTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUnited Kingdom department of Electrical Computer&Biomedical EngineeringToronto Metropolitan University(formerly Ryerson University)TorontoON M5B 2K3Canada

The digital transformation process of power systems towards smart grids is resulting in improved reliability, efficiency and situational awareness at the expense of increased cybersecurity vulnerabilities. Given the availability of large volumes of smart grid data, machine learning-based methods are considered an effective way to improve cybersecurity posture. despite the unquestionable merits of machine learning approaches for cybersecurity enhancement, they represent a component of the cyberattack surface that is vulnerable, in particular, to adversarial attacks. In this paper, we examine the robustness of autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in smart grids to adversarial attacks. A novel iterative-based method is first proposed to craft adversarial attack samples. Then, it is demonstrated that an attacker with white-box access to the autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems can successfully craft evasive samples using the proposed method. The results indicate that naive initial adversarial seeds cannot be employed to craft successful adversarial attacks shedding insight on the complexity of designing adversarial attacks against autoencoder-based cyberattack detection systems in smart grids.

关键词： Cybersecurity Adversarial attacks Anomaly detection Iterative-based methods Substati on automati on

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Recent development in upconversion nanoparticles and their application in optogenetics:A review

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第6期40卷 847-861,I0001页

作者： Madhumita Patel Maninder Meenu Jitender Kumar Pandey Pawan Kumar Rajkumar Patel department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans UniversitySeodaemun-guSeoul120-750South Korea College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China School of Basic and Applied Sciences Adamas UniversityKolkata700126India Institut National de la recherche Scientifique-Centreénergie Materiaux Télecommunications(INRS-EMT) VarennesQCCanada department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Oklahoma101 Stephenson ParkwayNormanOK73019United States Energy&Environmental Science and Engineering(EESE) Integrated Science and Engineering Division(ISED)Underwood International CollegeYonsei University85 Songdogwahak-roYeonsu-guIncheon21983South Korea

Ion channels present in the plasma membrane are responsible for integration and propagation of electric signals,which transmit information in nerve *** of these ion channels leads to many neurological ***,optogenetic technology has gained a lot of attention for the manipulation of neuronal *** is a neuromodulation approach that has been developed to control neuronal functions and activities using *** lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)absorb low energy photons in near-infrared(NIR) window and emit high energy photons in the visible spectrum region via nonlinear *** the last few decades,UCNPs have gained great attention in various bio-medical applications such as bio-imaging,drug delivery and *** near-infrared illumination is considered more suitable for optogenetics application,due to its lower degree of light attenuation and higher tissue penetration compared to visible ***,UCNPs have been considered as the new promising candidates for optogenetics *** nanoparticlemediated optogenetic systems provide a great opportunity to manipulate the ion channel in deep ***,we summarize the upconversion photoluminescence in lanthanide doped nanomaterials and its mechanisms and several approaches adopted to tune emission color or enhance upconversion *** advances of lanthanide-doped UCNPs design strategy and their mechanism are ***,we discuss the neural circuitry modulation using upconversion nanoparticles mediated ***,the future perspectives towards optogenetics are also included.

关键词： Lanthanide Upconversion Optogenetics Nanoparticles Neuronal modulation Rare earths

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Freezing on demand: A new concept for mine safety and energy savings in wet underground mines

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第4期29卷 621-627页

作者： Mahmoud A.Alzoubi Ahmad Zueter Aurelien Nie-Rouquette Agus P.Sasmito department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGill University

The artificial ground freezing(AGF)systems are designed to operate continuously for an extended period of time to control the groundwater seepage and to strengthen the groundwater structure surrounding excavation *** mode of operation requires a massive amount of energy to sustain the thickness of the frozen ***,it is of great interest to propose new concepts to reduce energy consumption while providing sufficient structural stability and safe *** paper discusses the principle of the freezing on demand(FoD)by means of experiment and mathematical model.A lab-scale rig that mimics the AGF process is conceived and *** setup is equipped with more than 80 thermocouples,flow-meters,and advanced instrumentation system to analyze the performance of the AGF process under the FoD concept.A mathematical model has been derived,validated,and utilized to simulate the transient FoD *** results suggest that the overall energy saving notably depends on the coolant’s temperature;the energy saving increases while decreasing the coolant inlet ***,applying the FoD concept in an AGF system leads to a significant drop in energy consumption.

关键词： Artificial ground freezing Freezing on demand Energy saving Conjugate heat transfer Porous media

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development of a hybrid photo-bioreactor and nanoparticle adsorbent system for the removal of CO2,and selected organic and metal co-pollutants

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第7期29卷 41-53页

作者： Andrea A.Rocha Christian Wilde Zhenzhong Hu Oleg Nepotchatykh Yevgen Nazarenko Parisa A.Ariya department of Atmospheric&Oceanic Sciences McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A OB9Canada department of Chemistry McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0B9Canada PO-Laboratories Inc.Saint-LaurentQC H4T 1N3Canada

Fossil fuel combustion and many industrial processes generate gaseous emissions that contain a number of toxic organic pollutants and carbon dioxide（CO_2） which contribute to climate change and atmospheric *** is a need for green and sustainable solutions to remove air pollutants,as opposed to conventional techniques which can be expensive,consume additional energy and generate further *** developed a novel integrated bioreactor combined with recyclable iron oxide nano/micro-particle adsorption interfaces,to remove CO_2,and undesired organic air pollutants using natural particles,while generating *** semi-continuous bench-scale photo-bioreactor was shown to successfully clean up simulated emission streams of up to 45% CO_2 with a conversion rate of approximately 4%CO_2 per hour,generating a steady supply of oxygen（6 mmol/hr）,while nanoparticles effectively remove several undesired organic *** also showed algal waste of the bioreactor can be used for mercury *** estimated the potential CO_2 emissions that could be captured from our new method for three industrial cases in which,coal,oil and natural gas were *** a 30% carbon capture system,the reduction of CO_2 was estimated to decrease by about 420,000,320,000 and 240,000 metric tonnes,respectively for a typical 500 MW power *** cost analysis we conducted showed potential to scale-up,and the entire system is recyclable and *** further discuss the implications of usage of this complete system,or as individual units,that could provide a hybrid option to existing industrial setups.

关键词： Air pollution mitigation Climate change CO_2 capture Hybrid system Nanoparticle adsorption interfaces

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A microfluidic approach for development of hybrid collagen-chitosan extracellular matrix-like membranes for on-chip cell cultures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第4期63卷 54-61页

作者： Erica Rosella Nan Jia Diego Mantovani Jesse Greener Laboratory Department of ChemistryLaval UniversityQuébecQCCanada Laboratory of Biomaterials and Bioengineering CRC-1Dept.Min-Met-Materials Eng&CHU de QuebecResearch CenterLaval UniversityQuébecQCCanada CHU de quebec Research Centre Laval University10 rue de l’EspinayQuébecQC G1L 3L5Canada

To advance organ-on-a-chip development and other areas befitting from physiologically-relevant biomembranes,a microfluidic platform is presented for synthesis of biomembranes during gelation and investigation into their role as extracellular matrix *** this work,high-throughput studies of collagen,chitosan,and collagen-chitosan hybrid biomembranes were carried out to characterize and compare key properties as a function of the applied hydrodynamic conditions during ***,depending on the biopolymer material used,varying flow conditions during biomembrane gelation caused width,uniformity,and swelling ratio to be differently affected and ***,cell viability studies of seeded fibroblasts were conducted,thus showing the potential for biological applications.

关键词： matrix swelling showing

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Tensile strength and failure behavior of rock-mortar interfaces: Direct and indirect measurements

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 41-55页

作者： Ghasem Shams Patrice Rivard Omid Moradian Civil Engineering and Building Engineering department Universitéde SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada department of Earth Sciences Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH)ZurichSwitzerland department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesGoldenCOUSA

The tensile strength at the rock-concrete interface is one of the crucial factors controlling the failure mechanisms of structures,such as concrete gravity *** the critical importance of the failure mechanism and tensile strength of rock-concrete interfaces,understanding of these factors remains very *** study investigated the tensile strength and fracturing processes at rock-mortar interfaces subjected to direct and indirect tensile *** image correlation(DIC)and acoustic emission(AE)techniques were used to monitor the failure mechanisms of specimens subjected to direct tension and indirect loading(Brazilian tests).The results indicated that the direct tensile strength of the rock-mortar specimens was lower than their indirect tensile strength,with a direct/indirect tensile strength ratio of 65%.DIC strain field data and moment tensor inversions(MTI)of AE events indicated that a significant number of shear microcracks occurred in the specimens subjected to the Brazilian *** presence of these shear microcracks,which require more energy to break,resulted in a higher tensile strength during the Brazilian *** contrast,microcracks were predominantly tensile in specimens subjected to direct tension,leading to a lower tensile *** monitoring of the cracking processes in the rock-mortar interfaces revealed that they show AE precursors before failure under the Brazilian test,whereas they show a minimal number of AE events before failure under direct *** to different microcracking mechanisms,specimens tested under Brazilian tests showed lower roughness with flatter fracture surfaces than those tested under direct tension with jagged and rough fracture *** results of this study shed light on better understanding the micromechanics of damage in the rock-concrete interfaces for a safer design of engineering structures.

关键词： Rock-mortar Rock-concrete Moment tensor inversion(MTI) Acoustic emission(AE) Digital image correlation(DIC) Tensile strength Direct tensile test Brazilian test

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