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Meta-analysis reveals that reproductive strategies are associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance across vertebrates

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Current Zoology 2018年第1期64卷 1-11页

作者： David COSTANTINI UMR 7221 Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 7 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France Department of Evolutionary Ecology Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17 Berlin 10315 Germany Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 Wilrijk 2610 Belgium

Oxidative stress is a key physiological mechanism underlying life-history tradeoffs. Here, I use meta-analytic techniques to test whether sexual differences in oxidative balance are common in vertebrates and to identify which factors are associated with such differences. The dataset included 732 effect size estimates from 100 articles （82 species）. Larger unsigned effect size （meaning larger sexual differences in a given marker） occurred in： reptiles and fish; those species that do not pro- vide parental care; and oviparous species. Estimates of signed effect size （positive values meaning higher oxidative stress in males） indicated that females were less resistant to oxidative stress than males in： reptiles while males and females were similar in fish, birds, and mammals; those species that do not provide parental care; and oviparous species. There was no evidence for a significant sexual differentiation in oxidative balance in fish, birds, and mammals. Effect size was not associ- ated with： the number of offspring; whether the experimental animals were reproducing or not; biomarker （oxidative damage, non-enzymatic, or enzymatic antioxidant）, the species body mass; the strain （wild vs. domestic）; or the study environment （wild vs. captivity）. Oxidative stress tended to be higher in females than males across most of the tissues analyzed. Levels of residual heterogeneity were high in all models tested. The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that diversification of reproductive strategies might be associated with sexual differences in oxidative balance. This explorative meta-analysis offers a starting platform for future research to investigate the rela-tionship between sex and oxidative balance further.

关键词： antioxidants oviparity oxidative damage parental care vertebrates viviparity.

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Aspects of Fretting Fatigue Finite Element Modelling

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第7期64卷 97-144页

作者： Kyvia Pereira Libardo VVanegas-Useche Magd Abdel Wahab Soete Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityZwijnaardeB-9052Belgium Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica Universidad Tecnológica de PereiraPereira660003Colombia Division of Computational Mechanics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi MinhVietnam Faculty of Civil Engineering Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi MinhVietnam

Fretting fatigue is a type of failure that may affect various mechanical components,such as bolted or dovetail joints,press-fitted shafts,couplings,and *** to its importance,many researchers have carried out experimental tests and analytical and numerical modelling,so that the phenomena that govern the failure process can be understood or appropriately ***,the performance of systems subjected to fretting fatigue can be predicted and *** paper discusses different aspects related to the finite element modelling of fretting *** presents common experimental configurations and the analytical solutions for cylindrical ***,it discusses aspects of fretting fatigue crack initiation,such as crack location,orientation,and length,as well as stress averaging ***,it deals with the propagation stage;crack face interaction,orientation criteria,and crack growth rate are ***,additional aspects of recent research on fretting fatigue are reviewed:out-of-phase loading,cohesive zone modelling,wear effects,heterogeneity,and crystal *** fatigue is a phenomenon not well understood,and much more research is needed so that its understanding is increased and proper criteria and laws may be available for different cases.

关键词： Fretting fatigue FEM modelling crack initiation crack growth

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Oxidative stress favours herpes virus infection in vertebrates： a meta-analysis

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 325-332页

作者： Manrico SEBASTIANO Olivier CHASTEL Benoit DE THOBY Marcel EENS David COSTANTINI Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize (CEBC) UMR7372 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Universit La Rochelle Laboratory of Virus-Host Interactions. Institut Pasteur de la Guyane French Guiana France Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health & Comparative Medicine (IBAHCM) University of Glasgow Glasgow UK

Herpes viruses are responsible for a variety of pathological effects in humans and in both wild and domestic animals. One mechanism that has been proposed to facilitate replication and activity of herpes viruses is oxidative stress （OS）. We used meta-analytical techniques to test the hypotheses that （1） herpes virus infection causes OS and （2） supplementation of antioxidants reduces virus load, indicating that replication is favoured by a state of OS. Results based on studies on mammals, including humans, and birds show that （1） OS is indeed increased by herpes virus infection across multiple tissues and species, （2） biomarkers of OS may change differently between tissues, and （3） the effect size does not differ among different virus strains. In addition, the increase of oxidative damage in blood （tissue commonly available in ecological studies） was similar to that in the tissues most sensitive to the herpes virus. Our results also show that administration of antioxidants re- duces virus yield, indicating that a condition of OS is favorable for the viral replication. In addition, some antioxidants may be more efficient than others in reducing herpes virus yield. Our results point to a potential mechanism linking herpes virus infection to individual health status.

关键词： antioxidants herpes virus infection immune response interaction host-pathogen oxidative stress.

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A Single Active Trehalose-6-P Synthase （TPS） and a Family of Putative Regulatory TPS-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第2期3卷 406-419页

作者： Lies Vandesteene Matthew Ramon Katrien Le Roy Patrick Van Dijck Filip Rolland Laboratory of Functional Biology Plant Metabolic Signaling Group Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-bus 2438 B-3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Molecular Biology Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston USA Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Belgium Department of Molecular Microbiology VIB Leuven Belgium Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology Institute of Botany and Microbiology KU Leuven Belgium

Higher plants typically do not produce trehalose in large amounts, but their genome sequences reveal large families of putative trehalose metabolism enzymes. An important regulatory role in plant growth and development is also emerging for the metabolic intermediate trehalose-6-P （T6P）. Here, we present an update on Arabidopsis trehalose me- tabolism and a resource for further detailed analyses. In addition, we provide evidence that Arabidop$is encodes a single trehalose-6-P synthase （TPS） next to a family of catalytically inactive TPS-like proteins that might fulfill specific regulatory functions in actively growing tissues.

关键词： Trehalose metabolism TPS Arabidopsis.

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Urban Physics： Effect of the micro-climate on comfort, health and energy demand

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2012年第3期1卷 197-228页

作者： Peter Moonen Thijs Defraeye Viktor Dorer Bert Blocken Jan Carmeliet ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ZUrich Switzerland Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology KUL Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium TU/e Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands

The global trend towards urbanisation explains the growing interest in the study of the modification of the urban climate due to the heat island effect and global warming, and its impact on enersy use of buildings. Also urban comfort, health and durability, referring respectively to pedestrian wind/ thermal comfort, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain are of interest. Urban Physics is a well- established discipline, incorporating relevant branches of physics, environmental chemistry, aerodynamics, meteorolosy and statistics. Therefore, Urban Physics is well positioned to provide keycontributions to the current urban problems and challenges. The present paper addresses the role of Urban Physics in the study of wind comfort, thermal comfort, energy demand, pollutant dispersion and wind-driven rain. Furthermore, the three major research methods applied in Urban Physics, namely field experiments, wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations are discussed. Case studies illustrate the current challenges and the relevant contributions of Urban Physics.

关键词： Fietd experiments Wind tunnet experi-ments Nurnerical simutations Computationat fluiddynamics (CFD) Wind comfort Thermal comfort Energy demand Pollutant dispersion Wind-driven rain

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Impact of the polymer backbone chemistry on interactions of amino-acid-derived zwitterionic polymers with cells

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第6期24卷 524-534页

作者： Meike N.Leiske Bruno G.De Geest Richard Hoogenboom Supramolecular Chemistry Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry(CMaC)Department of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 S4B-9000GhentBelgium Department of Pharmaceutics and Cancer Research Institute Ghent(CRIG) Ghent UniversityOttergemsesteenweg 460B-9000GhentBelgium Faculty of Biology Chemistry&Earth SciencesUniversity of BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 3095447 BayreuthGermany

Zwitterionic polymers are known to interact with cells and have been shown to reveal cancer cell *** this work,the importance of the chemistry of the polymer backbone for the cellular specificity of amino-acid-derived polyzwitterions is demonstrated.A series of glutamic acid(Glu)-based vinyl monomers(i.e.,an acrylate,a methacrylate,an acrylamide,and a methacrylamide)were prepared and used for reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer(RAFT)polymerisation,yielding defined polymers with narrow size distribution(Ð<1.3).All Glu-functionalised,zwitterionic polymers revealed high cytocompatibility;however,differences in cellular association and specificity were *** particular,the methacrylamide-derived polymers showed high association with both,breast cancer cells and non-cancerous dendritic cells and,consequently,lack *** contrast,high specificity to only breast cancer cells was observed for polyacrylates,-methacrylates,*** analysis of the polymers revealed differences in hydrophobicity,zeta potential,and potential side chain hydrolysis,which are impacted by the polymer backbone and might be responsible for the altered the cell association of these *** is shown that a slightly negative net charge is preferred over a neutral charge to retain cell *** was also confirmed by association experiments in the presence of competitive amino acid transporter *** affinity of slightly negatively charged Glu-derived polymers to the xCT Glu/cystine cell membrane antiporter was found to be higher than that of neutrally charged *** results emphasise the importance of the polymer backbone for the design of cell-specific *** study further highlights the potential to tailor amino-acid-derived zwitterionic materials beyond their side chain functionality.

关键词： Amino-acid-functionalised polymer Zwitterionic polymer Cell-specific polymer Cancer-targeting RAFT-Polymerisation

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Oncostatin M:a love-hate relationship in neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2571-2572页

作者： Doryssa Hermans Niels Hellings Bieke Broux University MS Center Campus DiepenbeekDiepenbeekBelgium Neuro-Immune Connections and Repair Lab Department of Immunology and InfectionBiomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium

Oncostatin M and multiple sclerosis:Every 5minutes,someone in the world is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis(MS),a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system(CNS).MS appears in unpredictable episodes of symptoms,which are highly patient-dependent,but often include visual impairment,muscle weakness/spasms,fatigue,cognitive difficulties,and *** sexual dysfunction.

关键词： visual bladder someone

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Differential transport of a guild of mutualistic root aphids by the ant Lasius flavus

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 409-417页

作者： Thomas Parmentier Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology Namur Institute of Complex Systemsand Institute of LifeEarthand the EnvironmentUniversity of NamurRue de Bruxelles 61B-5000 NamurBelgium Terrestrial Ecology Unit(TEREC) Department of BiologyGhent UniversityK.L.Ledeganckstraat 35B-9000 GentBelgium

Mutually beneficial associations are widespread in ecological *** are typically assembled as multispecies guilds of symbionts that compete for one or more host *** ant Lasius flavus engages in an intriguing and obligate mutualistic association with a community of aphids that are cultivated on plant roots in its *** ant displays a repertoire of amicable behaviors toward the aphids,including their transport.I examined whether *** preferentially carried some of the root *** a no-choice and a choice experiment,I comparatively analyzed the transport rate of 5 obligate and one loosely associated species back to the ant nest and used the transport rate of the ant larvae as a *** associated root aphids were carried back to the nest,but in a clear preferential *** utricularia,Forda Formicaria,and Trama rara were rapidly transported,but slower than the own *** ulmi and Geoica setulosa were collected at a moderate rate and the loosely associated Aploneura lentisci was slowly *** contrast,different species of unassociated aphids were not transported and even provoked aggressive behavior in *** study revealed that co-occurring symbionts may induce different degrees of host attraction,which ultimately may affect the coexistence and assembly of ant-symbiont communities.

关键词： competition Formicidae honeydew rescue behavior symbiosis trophobiont

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Gallium bismuth halide GaBi-X2 （X = I, Br, CI） monolayers with distorted hexagonal framework： Novel room- temperature quantum spin Hall insulators

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Nano Research 2017年第6期10卷 2168-2180页

作者： Linyang Li Ortwin Leenaerts Xiangru Kong Xin Chen Mingwen Zhao Francois M. Peeters Department of Physics University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium International Center for Quantum Materials Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan 250700 China

Quantum spin Hall （QSH） insulators with a large topologically nontrivial bulk gap are crucial for future applications of the QSH effect. Among these, group III-V monolayers and their halides, which have a chair structure （regular hexagonal framework）, have been widely studied. Using first-principles calculations, we formulate a new structure model for the functionalized group III-V monolayers, which consist of rectangular GaBi-X2 （X = I, Br, C1） monolayers with a distorted hexagonal framework （DHF）. These structures have a far lower energy than the GaBi-X2 monolayers with a chair structure. Remarkably, the DHF GaBi-X2 monolayers are all QSH insulators, which exhibit sizeable nontrivial band gaps ranging from 0.17 to 0.39 eV. The band gaps can be widely tuned by applying different spin-orbit coupling strengths, resulting in a distorted Dirac cone.

关键词： quantum spin Hall (QSH)insulators,first-principles calculations,GaBi-X2 (X = L Br Cl)monolayers,distorted hexagonal framework,distorted Dirac cone

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Characterization of acquired nutlin-3 resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第1期4卷 233-243页

作者： Christophe Deben Laurie Freire Boullosa Andreas Domen An Wouters Bart Cuypers Kris Laukens Filip Lardon Patrick Pauwels Center for Oncological Research(CORE) Integrated Personalized&Precision Oncology Network(IPPON)University of AntwerpWilrijk 2610Belgium Adrem Data Lab Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of AntwerpAntwerp 2020Belgium Molecular Parasitology Unit Department of Biomedical SciencesInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerp 2000Belgium Department of Pathology Antwerp University HospitalEdegem 2650Belgium

Aim:The purpose of this manuscript is to study the potential characteristics of acquired nutlin-3 resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells(NSCLC).Nutlin-3 is an inhibitor of the murine-double minute 2 protein,the main negative regulator of wild type p53,of which several derivatives are currently in clinical ***:A549 NSCLC cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of nutlin-3 for a period of 18 *** derivates were cultured,and the most resistance subclone was selected for whole transcriptome *** set enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes between A549 nutlin-3 resistant cancer cells and the parental A549 p53 wild type cancer *** findings were validated at the gene,protein and/or functional ***:All nutlin-3 resistant subclones acquired mutations in the TP53 gene,resulting in overexpression of the mutant p53 *** most resistant subclone was enriched for genes related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT),resulting in increased migratory and invasive ***,these cells were enriched in genes related to inflammation,tissue remodelling,and ***,expression of several immune checkpoints,including PD-L1 and PD-L2,was significantly upregulated,and cisplatin-induced cell death was ***:Transcriptome analysis of a highly nutlin-3 resistant A549 subclone shows the relevance of studying(1)resistance to standard of care chemotherapy;(2)secretion of immunomodulating chemo-and cytokines;(3)immune checkpoint expression;and(4)EMT and invasion in nutlin-3 resistant cancer cells in addition to acquired mutations in the TP53 gene.

关键词： p53 murine-double minute 2 non-small cell lung cancer acquired resistance nutlin-3

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