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Long-Term Performance and Microstructural Characterization of Dam Concrete in the Three Gorges project

Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 237-262页

作者： Chen Lyu Cheng Yu Chao Lu Li Pan Wenwei Li Jiaping Liu School of Materials science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Civil Engineering Materials Sobute New Materials Co.Ltd.Nanjing 211103China china Three Gorges Corporation Wuhan 430010China

This study investigates the long-term performance of laboratory dam concrete in different curing environments over ten years and the microstructure of 17-year-old laboratory concrete and actual concrete cores drilled from the Three Gorges Dam.The mechanical properties of the laboratory dam concrete,whether cured in natural or standard environments,continued to improve over time.Furthermore,the laboratory dam concrete exhibited good resistance to diffusion and a refined microstructure after 17 years.However,curing and long-term exposure to the local natural environment reduced the frost resistance.Microstructural analyses of the laboratory concrete samples demonstrated that moderate-heat cement and fine fly ash(FA)particles were almost fully hydrated to form compact micro structures consisting of large quantities of homogeneous calcium(alumino)silicate hydrate(C-(A)-S-H)gels and a few crystals.No obvious interfacial transition zones were observed in the microstructure owing to the longterm pozzolanic reaction.This dense and homogenous microstructure was the crucial reason for the excellent long-term performance of the dam concrete.A high FA volume also played a significant role in the microstructural densification and performance growth of dam concrete at a later age.The concrete drilled from the dam surface exhibited a loose microstructure with higher microporosity,indicating that concrete directly exposed to the actual service environment suffered degradation caused by water and wind attacks.In this study,both macro-performance and microstructural analyses revealed that the application of moderate-heat cement and FA resulted in a dense and homogenous microstructure,which ensured the excellent long-term performance of concrete from the Three Gorges Dam after 17 years.Long-term exposure to an actual service environment may lead to microstructural degradation of the concrete surface.Therefore,the retained long-term dam concrete samples need to be further researched to better understand its microstructural evolution

关键词： Three Gorges Dam Long-term performance Microstructural analysis Moderate-heat cement Fly ash

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Photocatalytic transformation of selected biomass derivatives to value added chemicals and hydrogen fuel

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 19-26页

作者： Xiangjun Liu Shuai Zhang Miao Wang Junqi Wang School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Biomass is the most bountiful renewable carbon resource on earth.Photocatalytic transformation is a promising method to utilize biomass to obtain high-value-added chemicals and it has more obvious advantages compared with thermochemical and biological processes due to the milder operational conditions,fewer reagents and equipment.Semiconductor material is one of the most common kinds of heterogeneous biomass photocatalysts,which has the advantages of high selectivity,stable catalytic performance,long activation time,and low cost.In this paper,the significant research progress on the photocatalytic transformation of biomass with semiconductor materials to produce high-value-added chemicals is reviewed,and the three most typical semiconductor photocatalysts(TiO_(2),Cd S,and g-C_(3)N_(4))are detailed.The photocatalytic mechanism and photocatalytic system optimization including structural modification,metal co-catalyst loading,and introduction of heterojunction are presented.Besides,the main problems,the development direction and trend of semiconductor materials in photocatalytic transformations of biomass in the future are prospected,which provide guidance and inspiration for the further development of semiconductor photocatalysts and make contributions to the progress in efficient utilization of biomass.

关键词： Photocatalytic transformation Biomass Semiconductor material H_(2) High value-added chemical

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A multifunctional electrolyte additive for zinc-ion capacitors with low temperature resistant and long lifespan

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 477-485页

作者： Ming Sun Zekai Zhang Shuqing Fu Yifan Zhang Ruoyu Wang Hongchun Mu Cheng Lian Wenqiang Wang Gengchao Wang Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical NanomaterialsFrontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistryand School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China

Aqueous zinc-ion capacitors (ZICs) are considered as potential candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage devices due to their high safety and low cost.However,the existing aqueous ZICs usually have the problems of zinc dendrite growth and unsatisfactory performance at low temperature.Herein,an erythritol (Eryt) additive with inhibition of zinc dendrites and anti-freezing capability was introduced into the ZnSO4electrolyte.The experimental characterization and theoretical calculation confirm that the Eryt adsorbed on the surface of zinc anodes regulates the deposition orientation of Zn^(2+) and inhibits the formation of dendrites.It also reconstructs the solvation structure in the electrolyte to reduce water activity,enabling the electrolyte to have a lower freezing point for operation at low temperature.With the assistance of Eryt,the Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits a long cycle life of 2000 h,while the ZIC assembled with activated carbon (AC) cathode and zinc anode (Zn||AC) maintains a capacity retention of 98.2% after 30,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1)(even after 10,000 cycles at-20°C,the capacity retention rate reached 94.8%.).This work provides a highly scalable,low-cost and effective strategy for the protection of the anodes of low-temperature aqueous ZICs.

关键词： Zinc-ioncapacitors Electrolyte additive Dendrite-free Freeze-resistant electrolyte

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Two-dimensional layered In_(2)P_(3)S_(9): A novel superior anode material for sodium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 294-304,I0008页

作者： Longsheng Zhong Hongneng Chen Yanzhe Sheng Yiting Sun Yanhe Xiao Baochang Cheng Shuijin Lei School of Physics and Materials science Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031JiangxiChina

Developing reliable and efficient anode materials is essential for the successfully practical application of sodium-ion batteries.Herein,employing a straightforward and rapid chemical vapor deposition technique,two-dimensional layered ternary indium phosphorus sulfide(In_(2)P_(3)S_(9)) nanosheets are prepared.The layered structure and ternary composition of the In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) electrode result in impressive electrochemical performance,including a high reversible capacity of 704 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1),an outstanding rate capability with 425 mA h g^(-1) at 5 A g^(-1),and an exceptional cycling stability with a capacity retention of88% after 350 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,sodium-ion full cell also affords a high capacity of 308 and114 mA h g^(-1) at 0.1 and 5 A g^(-1).Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy tests are conducted to investigate the underlying Na-storage mechanism of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9).The results reveal that during the first cycle,the P-S bond is broken to form the elemental P and In_(2)S_(3),collectively contributing to a remarkably high reversible specific capacity.The excellent electrochemical energy storage results corroborate the practical application potential of In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) for sodium-ion batteries.

关键词： Metal thiophosphate In_(2)P_(3)S_(9) Anode material Sodium-ion battery Full cell

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Precipitation kinetics and strengthening of M23C6 in novel G115 martensitic steel:Utilizing secondary normalizing

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Progress in natural science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 396-407页

作者： Chengxian Zhang Zhi Yuan Qiuzhi Gao Qingshuang Ma Hailian Zhang Jing Bai Huijie Zhang Liming Yu Huijun Li School of Materials science and Engineering Northeastern University School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao School of Materials science & Engineering Tianjin University School of Mechanical Materials and Mechatronic Engineering University of Wollongong

G115 martensitic steel is anticipated to be one of the preferred candidate materials in ultra-super critical(USC)power plants with steam temperatures above 650℃.Microstructure evolutions and mechanical properties of G115 martensitic steel after applying various heat treatment processes were investigated.The results demonstrate that the main precipitate in G115 martensitic steel after applying various heat treatment processes is M23C6 phase with Cr enrichment.The time required for M23C6 phase precipitation decreases with increasing secondary normalizing temperature and the extension in holding time according to its precipitation-temperature-time(PTT)curves.Volume fraction of M23C6 phase increases with increasing secondary normalizing temperature and holding time,which strengthens the inhibitory effect of precipitates on dislocations recovery and laths growth.Therefore,G115 martensitic steel can obtain the best mechanical properties after applying the highest secondary normalizing temperature and the longest holding time.In the current work,the excellent strength of G115 martensitic steel mainly derives from precipitates strengthening and laths strengthening.

关键词： G115 martensitic steel M23C6 phase Precipitation kinetics Secondary normalizing Strengthening mechanisms

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Performance Analysis of an Efficient Integration System of Coal-Fired Power Plant,Solar Thermal Energy and CO2 Capture

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Journal of Thermal science 2024年第4期33卷 1509-1522页

作者： WANG Yuhao WANG Ruilin LIU Lanhua XING Chenjian GUO Yafei YANG Qingshan YING Jiaheng SUN Jian LI Wenjia LIU Yuanyuan ZHAO Chuanwen School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Nanjing Normal University china Huadian Group Co.LTD.Shanghai Branch Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy(Tianjin University) Ministry of Education of China Huadian Zhengzhou Mechanical Design Institute Company Limited

Coal-fired power plant is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions.The post-combustion capture is a promising method for CO2emission reduction but the high thermal demand is unbearable.To address this issue,solar thermal energy and CO2capture are jointly integrated into the coal-fired power plant in this study.The solar thermal energy is employed to meet the heat requirement of the CO2capture process,thereby avoiding the electricity loss caused by self-driven CO2capture.Furthermore,the heat released from the carbonation reaction of MgO adsorbent is integrated into the steam Rankine cycle.By partially substituting the extracted steam for feedwater heating,the electricity output of the power plant is further increased.According to the results from the developed model,the system could achieve a CO2capture rate of 86.5% and an electricity output enhancement of 9.8% compared to the reference system,which consists of a self-driven CO2capture coal-fired power plant and PV generation unit.The operational strategy is also optimized and the amount of CO2emission reduction on a typical day is increased by 11.06%.This work shows a way to combine fossil fuels and renewable energy for low carbon emissions and efficient power generation.

关键词： CO 2 capture parabolic trough collector solar aided coal-fired electricity generation

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Simultaneously quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in multiple biological matrices within ten minutes using ultrahigh-performance liquid-chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第1期14卷 140-148页

作者： Jingxian Zhang Qinsheng Chen Lianglong Zhang Biru Shi Men Yu Qingxia Huang Huiru Tang State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life SciencesHuman Phenome InstituteZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterMetabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular PhenomicsZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200032China Wuhan Laboratory for Shanghai Metabolome Institute(SMI)Ltd. Wuhan430000China

Acylcarnitines are metabolic intermediates of fatty acids and branched-chain amino acids having vital biofunctions and pathophysiological significances. Here, we developed a high-throughput method for quantifying hundreds of acylcarnitines in one run using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This enabled simultaneous quantification of 1136 acylcarnitines (C0–C26) within 10-min with good sensitivity (limit of detection 0.992), accuracy (relative error 0.998) for predicting retention time (tR) of acylcarnitines with no standards and built a database of their multiple reaction monitoring parameters (tR, ion-pairs, and collision energy). Furthermore, we quantified 514 acylcarnitines in human plasma and urine, mouse kidney, liver, heart, lung, and muscle. This provides a rapid method for quantifying acylcarnitines in multiple biological matrices.

关键词： Acylcarnitine UPLC-MS/MS Quantitative structure-retention relationship Molecular phenotype

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Effects of content and particle size of TiH2 powders on the energy output rules of RDX composite explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 297-308页

作者： Hao Wang Yangfan Cheng Shoujun Zhu Zihan Li Zhaowu Shen School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China School of Engineering science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

In order to improve the detonation characteristics of RDX,a RDX-based composite explosive with TiH_(2)powders was prepared.The effects of content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders on thermal safety,shock wave parameters and thermal damage effects of RDX-based composite explosive were studied with the C80 microcalorimeter,air blast experiment system and colorimetric thermometry method.Experimental results showed that TiH_(2)powders could enhance the thermal stability of RDX-based composite explosive and increase its ultimate decomposition heat.The content and particle size of TiH_(2)powders also had significant effects on the thermal safety,detonation velocity,shock wave parameters,fireball temperature and duration of RDX-based composite explosives.Furthermore,the differences of TiH_(2)and Ti powders on the detonation energy output rules of RDX-based composite explosives were also compared,showing that TiH_(2)powders had better influences on improving the explosion power and thermal damage effect of RDX-based composite explosives than Ti powders,for the participation of free H_(2)released by TiH_(2)powders in the detonation process.TiH_(2)powders have important research values as a novel energetic additive in the field of military composite explosives.

关键词： RDX Hydrogen storage alloy Air blast After-burn reaction Colorimetric thermometry

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Incorporating empirical knowledge into data-driven variable selection for quantitative analysis of coal ash content by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 148-156页

作者：吕一涵宋惟然侯宗余王哲 State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationDepartment of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China School of Energy and Electrical Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016People’s Republic of China Tsinghua University Shanxi Research Institute Clean EnergyTaiyuan 030032People’s Republic of China

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has become a widely used atomic spectroscopic technique for rapid coal analysis.However,the vast amount of spectral information in LIBS contains signal uncertainty,which can affect its quantification performance.In this work,we propose a hybrid variable selection method to improve the performance of LIBS quantification.Important variables are first identified using Pearson's correlation coefficient,mutual information,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)and random forest,and then filtered and combined with empirical variables related to fingerprint elements of coal ash content.Subsequently,these variables are fed into a partial least squares regression(PLSR).Additionally,in some models,certain variables unrelated to ash content are removed manually to study the impact of variable deselection on model performance.The proposed hybrid strategy was tested on three LIBS datasets for quantitative analysis of coal ash content and compared with the corresponding data-driven baseline method.It is significantly better than the variable selection only method based on empirical knowledge and in most cases outperforms the baseline method.The results showed that on all three datasets the hybrid strategy for variable selection combining empirical knowledge and data-driven algorithms achieved the lowest root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)values of 1.605,3.478 and 1.647,respectively,which were significantly lower than those obtained from multiple linear regression using only 12 empirical variables,which are 1.959,3.718 and 2.181,respectively.The LASSO-PLSR model with empirical support and 20 selected variables exhibited a significantly improved performance after variable deselection,with RMSEP values dropping from 1.635,3.962 and 1.647 to 1.483,3.086 and 1.567,respectively.Such results demonstrate that using empirical knowledge as a support for datadriven variable selection can be a viable approach to improve the accuracy and reliability of LIBS quantification.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) coal ash content quantitative analysis variable selection empirical knowledge partial least squares regression(PLSR)

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Cu nanowire array with designed interphases enabling high performance Si anode toward flexible lithium-ion battery

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1516-1524页

作者： Pengfei Su Ziqi Zhang Linshan Luo Zhiyong Zhang Chaofei Lan Yahui Li Shaowen Xu Shanpeng Pei Guangyang Lin Cheng Li Xiang Han Wei Huang Songyan Chen Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient DevicesDepartment of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China College of Materials science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China science and Technology on Analog Integrated Circuit Laboratory Chongqing 400060China Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co. Ltd.Jinan 250013China

To meet the growing demand for wearable smart electronic devices,the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is essential.Silicon is an ideal candidate for the anode material of flexible lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity,low working potential,and earth abundance.The largest challenge in developing a flexible silicon anode is how to maintain structural integrity and ensure stable electrochemical reactions during external deformation.In this work,we propose a novel design for fabricating core–shell electrodes based on a copper nanowire(CuNW)array core and magnetron sputtered Si/C shell.The nanowire array structure has characteristics of bending under longitudinal stress and twisting under transverse stress,which helps to maintain the mechanical stability of the structure during electrode bending and cycling.The low-temperature annealing generates a small amount of Cu3Si alloy,which enhances the connection strength between Si and the conductive network and solves the poor conductivity problem of Si,which is known as a semiconductor material.This unique configuration design of CuNW@Si@C-400℃ leads to stable long cycle performance of 1109 mAh∙g^(-1) after 1000 cycles and excellent rate performance of 500 mAh∙g^(-1) at a current density of 10 A∙g^(-1).Furthermore,the CuNW@Si@C-400℃||LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full battery demonstrates excellent flexibility,with a capacity retention of more than 96%after 100 bends.This study provides a promising strategy for the development of flexible lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： flexible lithium-ion battery silicon anode magnetron sputtering core–shell electrode Cu nanowire array

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