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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan Assar Ali Shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(p<0.05)intakes of DM(8.35 kg/d),organic matter(OM,7.85 kg/d),and metabolizable energy(ME,12.00 Mcal/d)in calves fed with MS70-LC *** highest(p<0.05)digestibility(g/100 g)of DM(65.2),OM(67.3),crude protein(69.1),and neutral detergent fibre(56.3)was recorded for MS40-HC *** maximum(p<0.05)average daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

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Modeling environmental sensitivity and risk assessment of PAHs in sediments along two marine coastal areas in Egypt

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 125-142页

作者： Muhammad A.El-Alfy National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries NIOFCairoEgypt

Modeling the environmental sensitivity index(ESI)is vital in the planning and management processes,especially along the coastal *** main objectives of the study were to define the main sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),establish an ESI model,and measure the risk of PAHs on humans and the environment using various *** methodology of the research involved analyzing PAHs according to the EPA 550 methodology in sediments of the coastline in two important coastline areas in Egypt,namely the Gulf of Suez and the Mediterranean Sea,modeling the sensitivity of PAHs using ArcGIS 10.5 by integrating different physical,biological,and land use/cover factors,identifying the sources,and performing a risk *** sediment samples were collected from each *** produced sensitivity map could explain the highly sensitive areas along the Mediterranean Sea and Gulf of Suez coastlines(especially areas that were near drains'outlets,industrial sites,and sea ports).The highest mean PAH concentrations were Acenaphthylene and Fluorine in the Mediterranean Sea and Suez Gulf,***'s obvious that the individual PAH concentrations were within the ERL,ERM,and PEL threshold limits,indicating no adverse biological *** ratios of BaA/BaA+Chy,Flu/Flu+Py,and Ant/Ant+Phe gave an indication that most PAH sources were petrogenic(63.64%)and others(36.36%)were from petroleum *** principle component analysis(PCA)indicated a diverse correlation among the isomer ratios and LU/LC *** carcinogenic risk values were in the very low category(<10^(-6))for both children and *** most significant contributors to carcinogenicity were IP and BkFlu in the Mediterranean Sea and Suez Gulf,*** sources of carbon in seawater,especially with climatic change,may impact the aquatic environment and have impacts on organisms and coral *** it is highly recommended to keep shorelines and seawater free of oil spillage act

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) Modeling Sensitivity Gulf of Suez And Mediterranean sea

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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,Ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALEM Emiru BIRHANE Kassa TEKA Daniel H BERHE Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p H,electrical conductivity(EC),and cation exchange capacity(CEC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and EC under both species,CEC under ***,and soil p H under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Regulation of the growth of sprouting roots of black locust seedlings using root barrier panels

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 655-664页

作者： Satoshi Kitaoka Shiro Matsunami Yannan Wang Saki Fujita Kobayashi Makoto Toshiyuki Hirata Takayoshi Koike Graduate School of agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan The Robust Greenhouse Project of Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8589Japan Present Address:Oyo Cooperation Ltd Sumitomo BuildingTokyo 101-8486Japan Jiangxi Academy of Forestry Nanchang 330029People’s Republic of China Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0809Japan Research faculty of agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8589Japan

How can we regulate an invasive alien species of high commercial value?Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)has a unique capacity for seed dispersal and high *** surveys indicate that black locust increases its growing area with sprouting roots and the elongation of horizontal roots at a soil depth of 10 ***,a method to regulate the development of horizontal roots could be eff ective in slowing the invasiveness of black *** this study,root barrier panels were tested to inhibit the growth of horizontal *** it is labor intensive to observe the growth of roots in the fi eld,it was investigated in a nursery *** decrease in secondary fl ush,an increase in yellowed leafl ets,and the height in the seedlings were *** root barrier panels to a depth of 30 cm eff ectively inhibit the growth of horizontal roots of young black locust.

关键词： Black locust Horizontal roots Nutrients Root barrier panel Sprouting roots

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Understanding association between methylene blue dye and biosorbent: Palmyrah sprout casing in adsorption process in aqueous phase

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 154-164页

作者： D.M.N.H.Jayasuriya Kannan Nadarajah Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of JaffnaAriviyal NagarKilinochchi 44000Sri Lanka

Water pollution caused by industrial dyes has become a severe problem in the modern world. Biosorbents can be used in an eco-friendly manner to remove industrial dyes. In this study, five biosorbents were selected: palmyrah sprout casing (PSC), manioc peel, lime peel, king coconut husk, and coconut kernel. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to identify the best biosorbent with the highest ability to adsorb methylene blue (MB) from wastewater. The detailed mechanisms of PSC used in the adsorptive removal of MB in aqueous phase were investigated. Of the five biosorbents, PSC exhibited the best removal performance with an adsorption capacity at equilibrium (qe) of 27.67 mg/g. The qe values of lime peel, king coconut husk, manioc peel, and coconut kernel were 24.25 mg/g, 15.29 mg/g, 10.84 mg/g, and 7.06 mg/g, respectively. To explain the mechanisms of MB adsorption with the selected biosorbents, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed to characterize functional properties, and isotherm, kinetic, rate-limiting, and thermodynamic analyses were conducted. The FTIR analysis revealed that different biosorbents had different functional properties on their adsorptive surfaces. The FTIR and XRD results obtained before and after MB adsorption with PSC indicated that the surface functional groups of carbonyl and hydroxyl actively participated in the removal process. According to the isotherm analysis, monolayer adsorption was observed with the Langmuir model with a determination coefficient of 0.998. The duration to reach the maximum adsorption capacity for MB adsorption with PSC was 120 min, and the adsorption process was exothermic due to the negative enthalpy change (-9.950 kJ/mol). Moreover, the boundary layer thickness and intraparticle diffusion were the rate-limiting factors in the adsorption process. As a new biosorbent for MB adsorption, PSC could be used in activated carbon production to enhance the

关键词： Biosorbents Isotherm Kinetics Methylene blue Rate-limiting factor Thermodynamics

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Micromorphological Aspects of Two Forest Soils Development Derived from Igneous Rocks in Lahijan, Iran

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 646-655页

作者： Hasan RAMEZANPOUR Masoumeh POURMASOUMI Department of Soil Science College of AgricultureUniversity of Guilan

In order to characterize various micromorphologic properties of two forest soils derived from different parent rocks in Lahijan, and use the data collected from micromorphological analysis to interpret dominant pedogenic processes. Two representative soil pedons, granite （P1） and andesitic basalt （P2） were selected in a mountain landform with northwest aspect. Samples for thin section preparation were taken from each horizon by Kubiena boxes or clods. Micromorphological analysis of soils derived from these two soil pedons in eastern part of Lahijan （northern Iran） were conducted based on the physicochemical and mineralogical data. Micromorphological properties were characterized using a polarized light microscope under plain and cross light. Thin section study indicated that the nature of the parent material clearly affected the content of clay formation. It also showed that clay accumulation in the Bt horizons was not only due to clay illuviation （argillan）, but that strong in situ weathering of primary minerals also contributed to the enrichment of clay in soils derived from andesitic basalt. Comparing the results of clay mineralogy obtained from X-ray diffraction （XRD） with microscopic studies revealed that birefringence fabric （b-fabric） of the groundmass was partly striated due to smectitic minerals in soil of andesitic basalt （Hapludalf）, whereas speckled birefringence fabric was dominant in soil of granite （Udorthent） because of the absence of these minerals. We speculate that pores of skeletal fragments or microcracks in P1 were a place for illuvial clay protection. However, the main factor for flluvial clay film disruption （striation anddeformation） was biological activity （faunal turbation and root pressure） in P1 and expandable minerals and faunal turbation in P2.

关键词： Igneous rocks Illuviation Lahijan Soilmicromorphology Granite Andesitic basalt

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Methods to improve the quality of low-salt meat products:a meta-analysis

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第2期7卷 205-216页

作者： Jiaxin Yin Pangzhen Zhang Zhongxiang Fang School of agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Low-salt meat(salt content<2%)is gaining popularity for its lower health risks,while the food industry faces technical challenges in improving its ***-one studies involving meat quality improvement measures in low-salt meat products were included in this *** outcomes of these studies were assessed to derive conclusions about their effects on meat hardness and cooking *** results demon-strated that higher power ultrasound treatments(300-1500 W)significantly increased the hardness of low-salt meat,while a similar outcome was also achieved by low-strength(50-200 MPa)high-pressure processing(HPP)treatment,which was beneficial for alleviating the undesirable too-soft texture of the low-salt meat ***,when salt reduction was greater than 50%,the application of ultrasonic *** HPP of 50-200 MPa significantly reduced the cooking losses,and the addition of hydrocolloids also increased the cooking yield of the salt-reduced meat *** all the interventions,HPP exhibited the most significant effects in low-salt meat quality improvement,which warrants future studies on the combination of this method with salt reduction strategies in the reduction of salt content in processed meat products.

关键词： Processed meat meat quality improvement ultrasound high-pressure processing hydrocolloids

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Comparison of SCS-CN Determination Methodologies in a Heterogeneous Catchment

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第5期12卷 1084-1094页

作者： Andrzej WALEGA Boguslaw MICHALEC Agnieszka CUPAK Magdalena GRZEBINOGA Department of Sanitary Engineering and Water Management Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land SurveyingUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowMickiewicza Avenue 24/2830-059 KrakowPoland Department of Water Engineering and Geotechnics Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land SurveyingUniversity of Agriculture in KrakowMickiewicza Avenue 24/2830-059 KrakowPoland MGGP Stock Company Lea Avenue 11230-133 Krakow Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the runoff amount from a catchment characterized by diverse land uses by using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number(SCS-CN) method based on Curve Number(CN) defined for dominant homogeneous elementary *** calculations employed the SCS-CN method,involving the division of the catchment in two homogeneous parts and determining the runoff *** obtained results were compared with the results provided by three other CN determination methods,*** Hawkins function,the kinetics equation,and a complementary error function *** catchment is located in a mountain dominated by forest land *** CN-Precipitation(CN_(emp)-P) data pairs were analyzed using the mentioned methods,and the highest quality score was achieved from model *** results suggest that dividing a catchment into two homogeneous areas and determining their separate CN parameters,used later on to calculate the runoff by means of the presented approach,could be an alternative to the standard *** described method is relatively easy,and as it does not require an adoption of numerous parameters,and it can be employed for designing hydraulic facilities.

关键词： Asymptotic functions Curve Numberparameter Homogenous sub catchment Land cover Lumped model

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Response of primiparous and multiparous buffaloes to yeast culture supplementation during early and mid-lactation

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 411-418页

作者： Hanne H.Hansen Nasr E.El-Bordeny Hossam M.Ebeid Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Center for Herd-Oriented EducationResearch and DevelopmentUniversity of Copenhagen Animal Production Department Faculty of AgricultureAin Shams University Department of Dairy Sciences National Research Centre

Strains of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast have exhibited probiotic effects in ruminants. This study investigated the effects of the dietary yeast supplement, S. cerevisiae(Yea-Sacc^(1026)), on primiparous(PP)and multiparous(MP) Egyptian buffaloes in early to mid-lactation. Lactating buffaloes were fed either a basal total mixed ration(TMR, control; 4 PP and 8 MP) or the basal TMR plus 10 g Yea-Sacc^(1026) per buffalo cow per day(yeast; 4 PP and 8 MP). The feeds were given from 15 days prepartum to 180 days postpartum. Feed intake, body weight, and milk yields(MY) were recorded, and milk and blood samples were collected for analyses. Feces were collected from days 45 to 47 during early lactation and from days 90 to92 during mid-lactation to determine apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM), organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP) and crude fiber(CF). Energy corrected milk yield(ECM), feed conversion, and energy and nitrogen conversion efficiency were calculated. Yeast treated MP buffaloes consumed more DM(P < 0.041) and CP than the untreated control group. Apparent digestibility of DM and OM were significantly greater at mid-lactation for treated versus control group(P = 0.001). Crude fiber digestibility was greater in MP than in PP buffaloes(P = 0.049), and yeast supplemented MP cows had a greater CF digestibility than control MP buffaloes at mid-lactation(P = 0.010). Total blood lipids decreased after yeast supplementation(P= 0.029). Milk yields, ECM, fat and protein yields increased for yeast treated MP buffaloes(P < 0.039). The study concluded that the response to yeast supplementation in buffalo cows is parity dependent. Multiparous buffaloes respond to yeast supplementation with an increased DM intake and CF digestibility without significant weight gains, allowing a greater ECM yield with less fat mobilization. Supplementing buffaloes with yeast culture may increase milk production in early lactation and results in a more persistent milk production during mi

关键词： Multiparous buffalo cows Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Feed additive Primiparous buffalo cows

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Physio-biochemical and nutrient constituents of peanut plants under bentazone herbicide for broad-leaved weed control and water regimes in dry land areas

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第4期12卷 630-639页

作者： Hani S SAUDY Ibrahim M EL–METWALLY Goma A ABD EL–SAMAD Agronomy Department Faculty of AgricultureAin Shams University68–Hadayek Shoubra 11241CairoEgypt Botany Departments National Research CentreEl–Behos St.Dokki 12622CairoEgypt

The abundance of broad-leaved weeds in peanut fields represents the handicap in weed management programs, since limited specific herbicides can be recommended to control them. Moreover, the physio-biochemical constituents and nutritional status in peanut plants as affected by available herbicides, i.e., bentazone under water stress conditions are not well known. Therefore, field trials were conducted during the growing seasons in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the interactional impact of irrigation levels(I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), representing irrigation by 50%, 75% and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, respectively) and weed control practices(bentazone, bentazone+hoeing once, hoeing twice and weedy check as control) on dominant broad-leaved weeds as well as peanut physiological and agronomic traits. Result indicated that the efficiency of weed control for each weeded treatment under I_(50) significantly equaled with its counterpart under I_(75) or I_(100). Bentazone+hoeing once diminished weed biomass by 89.3% and enhanced chlorophyll content of peanut plants by 51.2%. Bentazone relatively caused a reduction in carotenoides. Hoeing twice and bentazone+hoeing once under I_(100) in both growing seasons as well as hoeing twice under I_(75) in 2017 were the superior combinations for boosting pod yield of peanut plants. Treatment of bentazone+hoeing once and I_(75) recorded the lowest reduction in N utilization percentage and the highest increase in potassium utilization percentage of peanut plants. Eliminating weeds enhanced water use efficiency by 37.8%, 49.6% and 34.7% under I_(50), I_(75) and I_(100), respectively. In conclusion, peanut seems to be tolerant to bentazone at moderate water supply, thus it can be safely used in controlling the associated broad-leaved weeds.

关键词： biochemical traits drought nutritional status peanut productivity weed growth

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