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Photonics Research 2022年第4期10卷 1063-1070页

作者： Jin Chang Johannes W.N.Los Ronan Gourgues Stephan Steinhauer S.N.Dorenbos Silvania F.Pereira HPaul Urbach Val Zwiller Iman Esmaeil Zadeh Optics Research Group ImPhys DepartmentFaculty of Applied SciencesDelft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CJThe Netherlands Single Quantum B.V. Delft 2628 CJThe Netherlands KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of Applied PhysicsAlbanova University Centre10691 StockholmSweden

Shortly after their inception, superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs) became the leading quantum light detection technology. With the capability of detecting single-photons with near-unity efficiency,high time resolution, low dark count rate, and fast recovery time, SNSPDs outperform conventional single-photon detection techniques. However, detecting lower energy single photons(70% system detection efficiency(SDE) at 2 μm and sub-15 ps timing jitter. Furthermore, detectors from the same batch demonstrated unity internal detection efficiency at 3 μm and 80% internal efficiency at 4 μm, paving the road for an efficient mid-infrared single-photon detection technology with unparalleled time resolution and without mK cooling requirements. We also systematically studied the dark count rates(DCRs) of our detectors coupled to different types of mid-infrared optical fibers and blackbody radiation filters. This offers insight into the trade-off between bandwidth and DCRs for mid-infrared SNSPDs. To conclude, this paper significantly extends the working wavelength range for SNSPDs made from polycrystalline NbTiN to 1.5–4 μm, and we expect quantum optics experiments and applications in the mid-infrared range to benefit from this far-reaching technology.

关键词： nanowires technology SNSPD

Vibrational properties of silicene and germanene

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Nano Research 2013年第1期6卷 19-28页

作者： Emilio Scalise Michel Houssa Geoffrey Pourtois B. van den Broek Valery Afanas'ev andAndr Stesmans Semiconductor Physics Laboratory Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 D B-3001 Leuven Belgium IMEC 75 Kapeldreef B-3001 Leuven Belgium Department of Chemistry PLASMANTresearch group University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp Belgium

The structural and vibrational properties of two-dimensional hexagonal silicon (silicene) and germanium (germanene) are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. It is predict that the silicene (germanene) structure with a small buckling of 0.44 Å (0.7 Å) and bond lengths of 2.28 Å (2.44 Å) is energetically the most favorable, and it does not exhibit imaginary phonon mode. The calculated non-resonance Raman spectra of silicene is characterized by a main peak at about 575 cm−1, namely the G-like peak. For germanene, the highest peak is at about 290 cm−1. Extensive calculations on armchair silicene nanoribbons and armchair germanene nanoribbons are also performed, with and without hydrogenation of the edges. The studies reveal other Raman peaks mainly distributed at lower frequencies than the G-like peak which could be attributed to the defects at the edges of the ribbons, thus not present in the Raman spectra of non-defective silicene and germanene. Particularly the Raman peak corresponding to the D mode is found to be located at around 515 cm−1 for silicene and 270 cm−1 for germanene. The calculated G-like and the D peaks are likely the fingerprints of the Raman spectra of the low-buckled structures of silicene and germanene.

关键词：振动性能第一性原理计算结构屈曲拉曼光谱共振喇曼光谱振动性质声子模式纳米带

Electrical probing of carrier separation in InAs/InP/GaAsSb core-dualshell nanowires

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Nano Research 2020年第4期13卷 1065-1070页

作者： Sedighe Salimian Omer Arif Valentina Zannier Daniele Ercolani Francesca Rossi Zahra Sadre Momtaz Fabio Beltram Sefano Roddaro Francesco Rossella Lucia Sorba NEST Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza S.Silvestro 121-56127 PisaItaly IMEM-CNR Institute Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A43124 ParmaItaly Department of Physics"E.Fermi" Universita di PisaLargo Pontecorvo 31-56127 PisaItaly

We investigate the tunnel coupling between the outer p-type GaAsSb shell and the n-type InAs core in catalyst-free InAs/lnP/GaAsSb core-dualshell *** present a device fabrication protocol based on wet-etching processes on selected areas of the nanostructures that enables multiple configurations of measurements in the same nanowire-based device(***-shell,core-core and core-shell).Low-temperature(4.2 K)transport in the shell-shell configuration in nanowires with 5 nm-thick InP barrier reveals a weak negative differential ***,when the InP barrier thickness is increased to 10 nm,this negative differential resistance is fully *** electrical resistance between the InAs core and the GaAsSb shell,measured in core-shell configuration,is significantly higher with respect to the resistance of the InAs core and of the GaAsSb *** field effect,applied via a back-gate,has an opposite impact on the electrical transport in the core and in the shell *** results show that electron and hole free carriers populate the InAs and GaAsSb regions respectively and indicate InAs/InP/GaAsSb core-dualshell nanowires as an ideal system for the investigation of the physics of interacting electrons and holes at the nanoscale.

关键词： core-dualshell nanowires charge carrier separation semiconductor nanowires nanoelectronics

Neuronal circuitry reconstruction after stem cell therapy in damaged brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1959-1960页

作者： Daniel Tornero Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Neuroscience and Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies(Creatio)University of Barcelona August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBAPS) Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBERNED) BarcelonaSpain

Transplantation of neuronal precursors derived from human pluripotent stem cells is a promising therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders associated with neuronal loss,such us neurodegenerative diseases,brain trauma and *** functional integration of grafted neurons differentiated from stem cells into the host injured neuronal circuitry has been a major challenge in cell therapy strategies for brain repair(Palma-Tortosa et al.,2021).Even though other cell types or mechanisms may provide modest clinical improvements,neuronal replacement and reconstruction of the damaged area are crucial for an optimal and long-term recovery.

关键词： diseases damaged

Room-Temperature Single-Molecule Conductance Switch via Confined Coordination-Induced Spin-State Manipulation

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CCS Chemistry 2022年第4期4卷 1357-1365页

作者： Jing Li Qingqing Wu Wei Xu Hai-Chuan Wang Hewei Zhang Yaorong Chen Yongxiang Tang Songjun Hou Colin JLambert Wenjing Hong State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005 Department of Physics Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YB

The emergence of molecular spintronics offers a unique chance for the design of molecular devices with different spin-states,and the control of spin-state becomes essential for molecular spin ***,the intrinsic spin switching from low-to high-spin state is a temperature-dependent process with a small energy barrier where low temperature is required to maintain the low-spin ***,the room-temperature operation of single-molecule devices has not yet been ***,we present a reversible single-molecule conductance switch by manipulating the spin states of the molecule at room temperature using the scanning tunneling microscope break-junction(STM-BJ)*** manipulation of the spin states between S=0 and S=1 is achieved by complexing or decomplexing the pyridine derivative molecule with a square planar nickel(Ⅱ)*** bias-dependent conductance evolution proves that the strong electric field between the nanoelectrodes plays a crucial role in the coordination *** density functional theory(DFT)calculations further reveal that the conductance changes come from the geometric changes of the porphyrin ring and spin-state switching of the Ni(Ⅱ)*** work provides a new avenue to investigate room-temperature spin-related sensors and molecular spintronics.

关键词： confined coordination-induced spinstate manipulation molecular spintronics nickel(Ⅱ)porphyrin break junctions

Giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effect in magnetic cubic Heusler compounds

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 1014-1021页

作者： Jonathan Noky Yang Zhang Johannes Gooth Claudia Felser Yan Sun Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids D-01187 DresdenGermany Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139USA

The interplay of magnetism and topology opens up the possibility for exotic linear response effects,such as the anomalous Hall effect and the anomalous Nernst effect,which can be strongly enhanced by designing a large Berry curvature in the electronic *** Heusler compounds are a promising class of materials for this purpose because they are versatile,show magnetism,and their electronic structure hosts strong topological ***,we provide a comprehensive study of the intrinsic anomalous transport for magnetic cubic full Heusler compounds and we illustrate that several Heusler compounds outperform the best so far reported *** results reveal the importance of symmetries,especially mirror planes,in combination with magnetism for giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effects,which should be valid in general for linear responses(spin Hall effect,spin orbital torque,etc.)dominated by intrinsic contributions.

关键词： structure Nernst cubic

Seamless integration of bioelectronic interface in an animal model via in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第4期7卷 107-116页

作者： Giuseppina Tommasini Gwennael Dufil Federica Fardella Xenofon Strakosas Eugenio Fergola Tobias Abrahamsson David Bliman Roger Olsson Magnus Berggren Angela Tino Eleni Stavrinidou Claudia Tortiglione Istituto di Scienze Applicate e Sistemi Intelligenti“E.Caianiello” Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheVia Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and TechnologyLinkoping UniversitySE-60174NorrkopingSweden Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of GothenburgSE-40530GothenburgSweden Chemical Biology&Therapeutics Department of Experimental Medical ScienceLund UniversitySE-22184LundSweden

Leveraging the biocatalytic machinery of living organisms for fabricating functional bioelectronic interfaces,in vivo,defines a new class of micro-biohybrids enabling the seamless integration of technology with living biological ***,we have demonstrated the in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers forming conductors within the structures of ***,we expand this concept by reporting that Hydra,an invertebrate animal,polymerizes the conjugated oligomer ETE-S both within cells that expresses peroxidase activity and within the adhesive material that is secreted to promote underwater surface *** resulting conjugated polymer forms electronically conducting and electrochemically activeμm-sized domains,which are inter-connected resulting in percolative conduction pathways extending beyond 100μm,that are fully integrated within the Hydra tissue and the secreted ***,the introduction and in vivo polymerization of ETE-S can be used as a biochemical marker to follow the dynamics of Hydra budding(reproduction)and *** work paves the way for well-defined self-organized electronics in animal tissue to modulate biological functions and in vivo biofabrication of hybrid functional materials and devices.

关键词： In vivo polymerization Bioelectronics interfaces Conjugated oligomers Model organism

Decellularized extracellular matrix as scaffold for cancer organoid cultures of colorectal peritoneal metastases

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第11期14卷 36-49页

作者： Luca Varinelli Marcello Guaglio Silvia Brich Susanna Zanutto Antonino Belfiore Federica Zanardi Fabio Iannelli Amanda Oldani Elisa Costa Matteo Chighizola Ewelina Lorenc Simone P.Minardi Stefano Fortuzzi Martina Filugelli Giovanna Garzone Federica Pisati Manuela Vecchi Giancarlo Pruneri Shigeki Kusamura Dario Baratti Laura Cattaneo Dario Parazzoli Alessandro Podestà Massimo Milione Marcello Deraco Marco A.Pierotti Manuela Gariboldi Department of Research Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Peritoneal Surface Malignancies Unit Colon and Rectal SurgeryFondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Clinical Research lABoratory(CRAB)Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly Bioinformatics Core Unit IFOM ETSThe AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncologyvia Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly Imaging Technological Development Unit IFOM ETSThe AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncologyvia Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly C.I.Ma.I.Na.and Dipartimento di Fisica‘Aldo Pontremoli’ Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia G.Celoria 1620133 MilanItaly Cogentech Ltd Benefit Corporation with a Sole Shareholder via Adamello 1620139 MilanItaly Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumorivia G.Venezian 120133 MilanItaly

Peritoneal metastases (PM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are associated with poor survival. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a fundamental role in modulating the homing of CRC metastases to the peritoneum. The mechanisms underlying the interactions between metastatic cells and the ECM, however, remain poorly understood, and the number of in vitro models available for the study of the peritoneal metastatic process is limited. Here, we show that decellularized ECM of the peritoneal cavity allows the growth of organoids obtained from PM, favoring the development of three-dimensional (3D) nodules that maintain the characteristics of in vivo PM. Organoids preferentially grow on scaffolds obtained from neoplastic peritoneum, which are characterized by greater stiffness than normal scaffolds. A gene expression analysis of organoids grown on different substrates reflected faithfully the clinical and biological characteristics of the organoids. An impact of the ECM on the response to standard chemotherapy treatment for PM was also observed. The ex vivo 3D model, obtained by combining patient-derived decellularized ECM with organoids to mimic the metastatic niche, could be an innovative tool to develop new therapeutic strategies in a biologically relevant context to personalize treatments.

关键词： colorectal cancer peritoneal metastasis organoids extracellular matrix(ECM) decellularized extracellular matrix engineered disease model ECM stiffness

Unveiling the detection dynamics of semiconductor nanowire photodetectors by terahertz near-field nanoscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 184-195页

作者： Eva A.A.Pogna Mahdi Asgari Valentina Zannier Lucia Sorba Leonardo Viti Miriam S.Vitiello NEST CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze and Scuola Normale SuperiorePiazza San Silvestro 1256127 PisaItaly

Semiconductor nanowire field-effect transistors represent a promising platform for the development of roomtemperature(RT)terahertz(THz)frequency light detectors due to the strong nonlinearity of their transfer characteristics and their remarkable combination of low noise-equivalent powers(100 V/W).Nano-engineering an NW photodetector combining high sensitivity with high speed(subns)in the THz regime at RT is highly desirable for many frontier applications in quantum optics and nanophotonics,but this requires a clear understanding of the origin of the *** electrical and optical measurements,however,cannot unambiguously determine the dominant detection mechanism due to inherent device asymmetry that allows different processes to be simultaneously ***,we innovatively capture snapshots of the photo-response of individual InAs nanowires via high spatial resolution(35 nm)THz photocurrent *** coupling a THz quantum cascade laser to scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy(s-SNOM)and monitoring both electrical and optical readouts,we simultaneously measure transport and scattering *** spatially resolved electric response provides unambiguous signatures of photo-thermoelectric and bolometric currents whose interplay is discussed as a function of photon density and material doping,therefore providing a route to engineer photo-responses by design.

关键词： scattering quantum frontier

Experimentally realizing efficient quantum control with reinforcement learning

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第5期65卷 13-20页

作者： Ming-Zhong Ai Yongcheng Ding Yue Ban JoséDMartín-Guerrero Jorge Casanova Jin-Ming Cui Yun-Feng Huang Xi Chen Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China International Center of Quantum Artifcial Intelligence for Science and Technology(Qu Artist)and Department of Physics Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Physical Chemistry University of the Basque Country UPV/EHUBilbao 48080Spai School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China IDAL Electronic Engineering DepartmentUniversity of ValenciaValencia 46100Spain IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbao 48009Spain

We experimentally investigate deep reinforcement learning(DRL)as an artificial intelligence approach to control a quantum *** verify that DRL explores fast and robust digital quantum controls with operation time analytically hinted by shortcuts to *** particular,the protocol’s robustness against both over-rotations and off-resonance errors can still be achieved simultaneously without any priori *** the thorough comparison,we choose the task as single-qubit flipping,in which various analytical methods are well-developed as the benchmark,ensuring their feasibility in the quantum system as ***,a gate operation is demonstrated on a trapped^(171) Yb^(+)ion,significantly outperforming analytical pulses in the gate time and energy cost with hybrid robustness,as well as the fidelity after repetitive operations under time-varying stochastic *** experiments reveal a framework of computer-inspired quantum control,which can be extended to other complicated tasks without loss of generality.

关键词： quantum control reinforcement learning trapped ion quantum computing noise robustness