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Machine learning-based spectral and spatial analysis of hyper-and multi-spectral leaf images for Dutch elm disease detection and resistance screening

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第4期10卷 26-34页

作者： Xing Wei Jinnuo Zhang Anna O.Conrad Charles E.Flower Cornelia C.Pinchot Nancy Hayes-Plazolles Ziling Chen Zhihang Song Songlin Fei Jian Jin department of agricultural and biological engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration CenterWest LafayetteIN 47906United States USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationDelawareOH 43015United States department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907United States

Diseases caused by invasive pathogens are an increasing threat to forest health,and early and accurate disease detection is essential for timely and precision forest *** recent technological advancements in spectral imaging and artificial intelligence have opened up new possibilities for plant disease detection in both crops and *** this study,Dutch elm disease(DED;caused by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi,)and American elm(Ulmus americana)was used as example pathosystem to evaluate the accuracy of two in-house developed high-precision portable hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning as new tools for forest disease ***-and multi-spectral images were collected from leaves of American elm geno-types with varied disease susceptibilities after mock-inoculation and inoculation with ***-ulmi under green-house *** traditional machine learning and state-of-art deep learning models were built upon derived spectra and directly upon spectral image *** learning models that incorporate both spectral and spatial features of high-resolution spectral leaf images have better performance than traditional machine learning models built upon spectral features alone in detecting *** and symptomatic spots on the leaves were highlighted in the deep learning model as important spatial features to distinguish leaves from inoculated and mock-inoculated *** addition,spectral and spatial feature patterns identified in the machine learning-based models were found relative to the DED susceptibility of elm *** further studies are needed to assess applications in other pathosystems,hyper-and multi-spectral leaf imagers combined with machine learning show potential as new tools for disease phenotyping in trees.

关键词： American elm Dutch elm disease Hyperspectral imaging Multispectral imaging Support vector machine Convolution neural network Disease phenotyping Digital forestry

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A validation of WEPP water quality routines in uniform and nonuniform agricultural hillslopes

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 487-505页

作者： Ryan P.McGehee Dennis C.Flanagan Bernard A.Engel John E.Gilley department of agricultural and Biosystems engineering Iowa State University4352 Elings Hall605 Bissel RoadAmesIA50011USA USDA-agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 South Russell StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA department of agricultural and biological engineering Purdue University225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA USDA-agricultural Research Service Agroecosystem Management Research UnitRoom 238Chase HallUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNE68583USA

Current watershed-scale,nonpoint source pollution models do not represent the processes and impacts of agricultural best management practices on water quality with sufficient detail.A Water Erosion Pre-diction Project-Water Quality(WEPP-WQ)model was recently developed which is capable of simulating nonpoint source pollutant transport in nonuniform hillslope conditions such as those with ***,WEPP-WQ has not been validated for these conditions,and prior validation work only eval-uated calibrated performance rather than uncalibrated performance,with the latter being most relevant to model *** study evaluated uncalibrated and calibrated model performance in two plot-scale,artificial rainfall studies.179 observations were compared to corresponding WEPP-WQ simulations of runoff,sediment yield,and soluble and particulate nutrient forms for both nitrogen and *** validation results were mixed for the different field conditions,model configurations,and prediction ***-Sutcliffe Efficiencies for uncalibrated simulations of uniform conditions were generally greater than 0.6 except for soluble nitrogen predictions which were *** of nonuniform conditions were generally'unsatisfactory'except for runoff predictions which were quite good(NSE=0.78).Performance was improved substantially for almost all endpoints with *** exceptions to this occurred because the objective function for calibration was based on log-space differences so as to more equally-weight calibration of unsaturated conditions that tend to produce lesser runoff volumes and sediment *** results for both uniform and nonuniform condi-tions were generally'satisfactory'or'good'according to widely accepted model performance criteria.

关键词： Water quality Nonpoint Validation Vegetative filter strip Best management practice WEPP

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An updated isoerodent map of the conterminous United States

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 1-16页

作者： Ryan P.McGehee Dennis C.Flanagan Puneet Srivastava Bernard A.Engel Chi-Hua Huang Mark A.Nearing purdue university Agricultural and Biological Engineering225 South University StreetWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States department of Agriculture-agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA university of Maryland Agricultural Experiment StationSymons Hall7998 Regents DriveCollege ParkMD20742-3131USA purdue university Agricultural Administration Building615 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN47907-2053USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceNational Soil Erosion Research Laboratory275 S Russell StWest LafayetteIN47907USA United States department of Agriculture-agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research Center2000 E Allen RdTucsonAZ85719USA

Maps of erosivity,which are also commonly referred to as isoerodent maps,have played a critical role in soil conservation efforts in the United States and around the *** available erosivity maps for the United States are either outdated,conflict with erosivity benchmarking studies,or utilized less advanced spatial mapping ***,it is possible that the same underlying issues with US maps are impacting global maps as *** this study,we used more than 340015-min,fixed-interval precipitation gauges to update the isoerodent map of the conterminous United *** values were interpolated using universal kriging under several spatial model configurations and *** optimal spatial model was selected based on which result had the lowest sample variogram ***,erosivity,and erosivity density maps were compared to existing *** average annual and annual erosivity results were compared to high-quality erosivity benchmarking *** values from both RUSLE2 and Panagos et al.(2017)were generally lower in the eastern United States and mixed in the western United States compared to our *** effects resulted in much greater erosivity differences in this study as compared to prior *** comparisons revealed that erosivity maps from this study and others were lower than the benchmark by 14%or more(up to 38%).These findings suggest current practices of storm omission and intensity dampening correction need to be revisited,especially in locations with relatively low-to-moderate rainfall erosivity such as the Midwest or Northeast United States,for example.

关键词： Erosion index Erosivity United States USLE RUSLE2 Soil loss

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Calibration,validation,and evaluation of the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model for hillslopes with natural runoff plot data

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 669-687页

作者： Shuyuan Wang Ryan P.McGehee Tian Guo Dennis C.Flanagan Bernard A.Engel department of agricultural&biological engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA USDA-agricultural Research Service National Soil Erosion Research LaboratoryWest LafayetteIN47907USA

The Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model has been widely used for estimating runoff and soil *** evaluation of the latest version(version 2021.133)under a range of environmental conditions can provide confidence to its *** objectives of this study were to evaluate the WEPP model for runoff and soil loss predictions using 1159 plot years of rainfall-runoff events data from field experi-mental plots with various climates,soils,topographies,and *** runoff and soil loss predictions were compared to the observations before and after input parameter *** results showed good predictions of runoff and soil loss were obtained with both the uncalibrated and calibrated WEPP model for all considered scales with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies(NSE)over *** calibration of input baseline effective hydraulic conductivity(k_(e)),baseline critical shear stress(τ_(c)),baseline rill erod-ibility(k_(r)),and baseline interrill erodibility(k_(i))improved WEPP model performance with NSE values of 0.98 and 0.91 for average annual runoff and soil loss predictions,*** WEPP model tended to underestimate the runoff and soil loss for large events with runoff over 100 mm and soil loss over 120t/*** event runoff and soil loss predictions(NSE ≥0.4)were obtained for the most common cropping/management systems considered,including corn,cotton,tilled fallow,and wheat after *** study illustrates the most recent WEPP model's performance for runoff and soil loss predictions,and provides a comprehensive set of results.

关键词： WEPP Runoff Soil loss Calibration Validation

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Anaerobic co-digestion of rice straw and digested swine manure with different total solid concentration for methane production

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International Journal of agricultural and biological engineering 2014年第6期7卷 79-90页

作者： Darwin Jay J.Cheng Zhimin Liu Jorge Gontupil O-Seob Kwon department of agricultural engineering Syiah Kuala UniversityBanda AcehIndonesia department of biological and agricultural engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA department of Environmental Science and engineering Inje UniversityGimhaeGyeongnam 621-749Korea

This study aimed to investigate potential methane production through anaerobic co-digestion of rice straw and digested swine manure with different total *** research was carried out in bench scale with utilizing batch *** evaluate the stability of anaerobic co-digestion process,the experiment was run in *** anaerobic co-digestion process was operated in 500 mL batch digesters under constant agitation speed and *** agitation speed was maintained at 270 r/*** of the batch system was set and maintained at 35℃.Digested swine manure utilized in this experiment was obtained from semi-continuous digesters run at steady state condition,with 25 days of hydraulic retention time under mesophilic *** straw(RS)generated the highest methane production at 3% total solids(TS)which was around(1814±47.43)mL,where in this concentration,it had C:N ratio at 10.6:*** straw obtained the highest methane yield at 3% TS,which was around(141.4±3.70)mL CH_(4)/g volatile solids(VS)*** straw also had the highest chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal and VS reduction at 3% TS which were around(52.97%±1.46%)and(61.81%±1.04%),respectively.

关键词： anaerobic co-digestion rice straw digested swine manure methane production

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Comparing End-Use Potential for Industrial Food-Waste Sources

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engineering 2018年第3期4卷 371-380页

作者： Raymond RedCorn Samira Fatemi Abigail S. Engelberth department of agricultural and biological engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2093 USA Laboratory of Renewable Resources engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2022 USA Division of Environmental and Ecological engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-2022 USA

Approximately one quarter of the global edible food supply is wasted. The drivers of food waste can occur at any level between production, harvest, distribution, processing, and the consumer. While the drivers vary globally, the industrialized regions of North America, Europe, and Asia share similar situations; in each of these regions the largest loss of food waste occurs with the consumer, at approximately 51% of total waste generated. As a consequence, handling waste falls on municipal solid waste operations. In the United States, food waste constitutes 15% of the solid waste stream by weight, contributes 3.4 -107 t of carbon dioxide （CO2） equivalent emissions, and costs 1.9 billion USD in disposal fees. The levels of carbon, nutrients, and moisture in food waste make bioprocessing into higher value products an attractive method for mitigation. Opportunities include extraction of nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds, or conversion to a variety of volatile acids-including lactic, acetic, and propionic acids-that can be recovered and sold at a profit. The conversion of waste into volatile acids can be paired with bioen- ergy production, including hydrogen or biogas. This present review compares the potential for upgrading industrial food waste to either specialty products or methane. Higher value uses of industrial food waste could alleviate approximately 1.9-108 t of CO2 equivalent emissions. As an example, potato peel could be upgraded to lactic acid via fermentation to recover 5600 million USD per year, or could be converted to methane via anaerobic digestion, resulting in a revenue of 900 million USD per year. The potential value to be recovered is significant, and food-waste valorization will help to close the loop for various food industries.

关键词： Industrial food waste Food-waste valorization Value-added recovery

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Return of investment and profitability analysis of bio-fuels production using a modeling approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2016年第2期3卷 92-98页

作者： Yangyang Deng Prem B.Parajuli department of agricultural and biological engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the return of investment and profitability of a bio-gasification facility using a modeling *** on preliminary market analysis,the results determined that the power facilities driven by biomass gasifiers could be profitable if they consider the most sensitive cost factors such as labor,project investment,and feedstock *** result showed that economic feasibility of bio-gasification facility can significantly affect by its production capacity and operating modes(one shift,two shifts,or three shifts).The cost analysis modeling approach developed in this study could be a good approach for economic analysis of bio-syngas and bio-fuel *** addition,this study demonstrated a unique modeling approach to analyze return of investment and profitability of biofuels production.

关键词： Bio-gasification Modeling Sensitivity analysis Profitability analysis

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