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Combining field data and modeling to better understand maize growth response to phosphorus(P) fertilizer application and soil P dynamics in calcareous soils

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1006-1021页

作者： Weina Zhang Zhigan Zhao Di He Junhe Liu Haigang Li Enli Wang School of Biological and Food Processing Engineering Huanghuai UniversityZhumadian 463000China Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education/College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resource(IMAU) Ministry of Education/College of GrasslandResources and EnvironmentInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACT 2601Australia

We used field experimental data to evaluate the ability of the agricultural production system model (APSIM) to simulate soil P availability,maize biomass and grain yield in response to P fertilizer applications on a fluvo-aquic soil in the North China *** and soil data from a 2-year experiment with three P fertilizer application rates(0,75 and 300 kg P_(2)O_(5) ha^(–1)) were used to calibrate the *** analysis was carried out to investigate the influence of APSIM SoilP parameters on the simulated P availability in soil and maize *** and soil P parameters were then derived by matching or relating the simulation results to observed crop biomass,yield,P uptake and Olsen-P in *** re-parameterized model was further validated against 2 years of independent data at the same *** re-parameterized model enabled good simulation of the maize leaf area index (LAI),biomass,grain yield,P uptake,and grain P content in response to different levels of P additions against both the calibration and validation *** results showed that APSIM needs to be re-parameterized for simulation of maize LAI dynamics through modification of leaf size curve and a reduction in the rate of leaf senescence for modern staygreen maize cultivars in *** P concentration limits (maximum and minimum P concentrations in organs)at different stages also need to be *** results further showed a curvilinear relationship between the measured Olsen-P concentration and simulated labile P content,which could facilitate the initialization of APSIM P pools in the NCP with Olsen-P measurements in future *** remains difficult to parameterize the APSIM SoilP module due to the conceptual nature of the pools and simplified conceptualization of key P transformation processes.A fundamental understanding still needs to be developed for modelling and predicting the fate of applied P fertilizers in soils with contrasting physical and chemical characteristics.

关键词： maize phosphorus availability modeling APSIM maize APSIM SoilP

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Hematite reduction by hydrogen plasma:Where are we now?

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第10期29卷 1932-1945页

作者： Kali Charan Sabat Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopal462003Madhya PradeshIndia

Currently,iron is extracted from ores such as hematite by carbothermic *** extraction process includes several unit steps/processes that require large-scale equipment and significant financial ***,the extraction process produces a substantial amount of harmful carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).Alternative to carbothermic reduction is the reduction by hydrogen plasma(HP).HP is mainly composed of exciting species that facilitate hematite reduction by providing thermodynamic and kinetic advantages,even at low *** addition to these advantages,hematite reduction by HP produces water,which is environmentally *** report reviews the theory and practice of hematite reduction by ***,the present state of the art in solid-state and liquid-state hematite reduction by HP has been *** in-flight hematite reduction by HP has been identified as a potentially promising alternative to carbothermic ***,the in-flight reduction is still plagued with problems such as excessively high temperatures in thermal HP and considerable vacuum costs in non-thermal *** problems can be overcome by using non-thermal atmospheric HP that deviates significantly from local thermodynamic equilibrium.

关键词： hematite iron ore hematite reduction iron production hydrogen plasma non-thermal plasma thermodynamics kinetics

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Mapping groundwater dependent ecosystem potential in a semi-arid environment using aremote sensing-based multiple-lines-of-evidence approach

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 375-406页

作者： Stephen G.Fildes Tanya M.Doody David Bruce Ian F.Clark Okke Batelaan UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaAdelaideAustralia CSIRO Land and WaterAdelaideAustralia National Centre for Groundwater research and Training(NCGRT) College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkAustralia

Groundwater dependent ecosystems(GDEs)are vulnerable to groundwater regime ***,their protection is often hampered by challenges in their *** is presented a remote sensing-based GDE potential mapping approach based on the persistency of relevant vegetation parameters during prolonged dry periods as an indicator of potential‘consistency’of water supply(***).The study uses a novel approach to characterising persistency for selected vegetation parameters based on a normalised difference measure and an adaptation of the coefficient of variation *** of parameters was facilitated through the analytic hierarchy process providing a structured weighting approach to minimise parameter *** approach is demonstrated in the semi-arid Flinders Ranges of South Australia where new groundwater resources are being sought to support local domestic and industry *** in GDE potential were mapped to better target areas where exploration of groundwater should be *** results indicated a high-level of agreement of 77%with an independent springs dataset,along with an 87%agreement with areas coinciding with known phreatophyte species and depths to *** index-based mapping approach has potential applicability across landscapes,as it normalises for variations in vegetation cover,minimises technical overheads,and employs continental-wide remote sensing data-products.

关键词： coefficient of variation NDVI coefficient of variation fractional cover barest Earth wetness percentiles actual evapotranspiration analytic hierarchy process groundwater potential

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Additive manufacturing of antibacterial PLA-ZnO nanocomposites:Benefits,limitations and open challenges

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第16期111卷 120-151页

作者： Wei Juene Chong Shirley Shen Yuncang Li Adrian Trinchi Dejana Pejak Ilias(Louis)Kyratzis Antonella Sola Cuie Wen School of Engineering RMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia CSIRO Manufacturing Business Unit ClaytonVictoria 3169Australia

Polymeric biomaterials such as polylactic acid(PLA)play a prominent role in the advancement of biomedical additive manufacturing(AM).PLA offers indeed a very advantageous combination of thermomechanical properties and functional attributes,as it is biobased,biodegradable,biocompatible and easy to ***,PLA can be damaged by common sterilization methods and is sensitive to most chemical disinfectants,and this may impair its widespread *** of the most promising ways to overcome this shortcoming is to provide PLA with embedded antibacterial activity by the addition of appropriate fillers such as zinc oxide(Zn O)*** a detailed introduction to the basic properties of PLA and ZnO nanoparticles,the present review analyzes the main variables that govern the antibacterial activity of PLA-ZnO *** applications and related manufacturing processes are also presented to showcase the importance of having embedded antibacterial functions in demanding applications such as food packaging and wound *** is then placed on the emerging literature of the AM of PLA-ZnO nanocomposites,with a focus on fused filament fabrication(also known as fused deposition modeling).Existing gaps and hurdles related to the development and 3D printing of such composites is critically *** is envisioned that a deeper understanding of the processability,thermo-mechanical behavior,biocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy of additively manufactured PLAZnO nanocomposites will foster their adoption in the biomedical field and,ultimately,in all circumstances where it is crucial to limit infection transmission.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Antibacterial activity Fused filament fabrication Nanocomposite PLA ZnO Fused deposition modeling

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Effect of plastic deformation on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg_(2)Sn alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第1期9卷 123-129页

作者： Rameshkumar Varma Sitarama Kada Matthew Barnett Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia

In the present work,the effect of deformation on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Sn alloys having excess magnesium concentrations is *** cast alloys were prepared using radio-frequency(RF)induction melting under an argon *** alloys were thermo-mechanically processed via compression at different temperatures to various true *** room temperature,the alloys failed at a true strain of∼13%.However,at elevated temperatures,the alloys were observed to be highly *** alloys compressed at 673 K to a true strain of 1,a prominent substructure *** subgrain size was∼3-5μ*** is believed that the substructure arose from the action of dynamic *** deformation,the thermoelectric performance of alloy prepared with 6.7 wt.%excess Mg was improved compared to the as cast *** can be ascribed to a reduction in the thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering at grain boundaries.

关键词： Magnesium Thermoelectric Deformation Grain size

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Rolling and sliding in 3-D discrete element models

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Particuology 2015年第6期13卷 49-55页

作者： Yucang Wang Fernando Alonso-Marroquin William W. Guo School of Engineering and Technology Central Queensland University Australia School of Civil Engineering The University of Sydney Australia

Rolling and sliding play fundamental roles in the deformation of granular materials. In simulations of granular flow using the discrete element method （DEM）, the effect of rolling resistance at contacts should be taken into account. However, even for the simplest case involving spherical particles, there is no agreement on what is the best way to define rolling and sliding; various versions of definitions and calculations of rolling and sliding were proposed. Some even suggest that a unique definition for rolling and sliding is not possible. We re-check previous studies on rolling and sliding in DEMs and find that some researchers made a conceptual mistake when dealing with pure sliding between particles of different sizes. After considering the particle radius in the derivation of rolling velocity, the results yield a unique solution. Starting with clear and unique definitions of pure rolling and sliding, we present the detailed derivation and validate our results by checking two special cases of rolling. The decomposition of the relative motion is objective; that is, independent of the reference frame in which the relative motion is measured.

关键词： Discrete element method Roiling Sliding

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Field Phenomics:Will It Enable Crop Improvement?

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 310-325页

作者： David M.Deery Hamlyn G.Jones CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia Division of Plant Sciences University of DundeeUK School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western AustraliaAustralia

Field phenomics has been identified as a promising enabling technology to assist plant breeders with the development of improved cultivars for ***,despite much investment,there are few examples demonstrating the application of phenomics within a plant breeding *** review recent progress in field phenomics and highlight the importance of targeting breeders’needs,rather than perceived technology needs,through developing and enhancing partnerships between phenomics researchers and plant breeders.

关键词： breeding cultivar Crop

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Efficient Silencing of Endogenous MicroRNAs Using Artificial MicroRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 157-170页

作者： Andrew L. Eamens Claire Agius Nell A. Smith Peter M. Waterhouse Ming-Bo Wang CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia School of Molecular Bioscience University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

We report here that the expression of endogenous microRNAs （miRNAs） can be efficiently silenced in Arabi- dopsis thaliana （Arabidopsis） using artificial miRNA （amiRNA） technology. We demonstrate that an amiRNA designed to target a mature miRNA directs silencing against all miRNA family members, whereas an amiRNA designed to target the stem-loop region of a miRNA precursor transcript directs silencing against only the individual family member targeted. Furthermore, our results indicate that amiRNAs targeting both the mature miRNA and stem-loop sequence direct RNA silencing through cleavage of the miRNA precursor transcript, which presumably occurs in the nucleus of a plant cell during the initial stages of miRNA biogenesis. This suggests that small RNA （sRNA）-guided RNA cleavage in plants occurs not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus. Many plant miRNA gene families have been identified via sequencing and bio- informatic analysis, but, to date, only a small tranche of these have been functionally characterized due to a lack of ef- fective forward or reverse genetic tools. Our findings therefore provide a new and powerful reverse-genetic tool for the analysis of miRNA function in plants.

关键词： MicroRNA artificial microRNA RNA silencing.

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Transition of electrical conductivity in carbon nanotube/silver particle composite buckypapers

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Particuology 2014年第6期12卷 15-21页

作者： Fenghua Su Menghe Miao School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering P.O.Box 21BelmontVictoria 3216Australia

The electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube buckypapers can be dramatically increased by incorporation of silver particles contained in a commercial silver *** methods,co-dispersion during the production of buckypaper and surface coating on a preformed buckypaper,were used to prepare composite *** two types of composite buckypapers exhibited very different electrical conductivity *** composite buckypapers prepared by the surface coating method showed a distinct step transition in electrical conductivity at 3 vol%silver content,leading to a 15-fold improvement at 6%silver *** composite buckypapers prepared by the co-dispersion method showed a gradual change in electrical conductivity with increasing silver particle content,resulting in a five-fold improvement at12%silver *** and sectional morphologies of the two types of composite buckypapers were examined and related to their electrical conductivity profiles.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Buckypaper Electrical conductivity

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Strongly seasonal Proterozoic glacial climate in low palaeolatitudes:Radically different climate system on the pre-Ediacaran Earth

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第4期7卷 555-571页

作者： George E.Williams Phillip W.Schmidt Grant M.Young Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia CSIRO Mineral Resources Flagship PO Box 52North RydeNSW 16FOAustralia Department of Earth Sciences University of Western OntarioLondonOntario N6A 5B7Canada

Proterozoic （pre-Ediacaran） glaciations occurred under strongly seasonal climates near sea level in low palaeolatitudes. Metre-scale primary sand wedges in Cryogenian periglacial deposits are identical to those actively forming, through the infilling of seasonal （winter） thermal contraction-cracks in perma- frost by windblown sand, in present-day polar regions with a mean monthly air temperature range of 40 ~C and mean annual air temperatures of -20 ~C or lower. Varve-like rhythmites with dropstones in Proterozoic glacial successions are consistent with an active seasonal freeze-thaw cycle. The seasonal （annual） oscillation of sea level recorded by tidal rhythmites in Cryogenian glacial successions indicates a significant seasonal cycle and extensive open seas. Palaeomagnetic data determined directly for Prote- rozoic glacial deposits and closely associated rocks indicate low palaeolatitudes： Cryogenian deposits in South Australia accumulated at 〈10% most other Cryogenian deposits at 〈20~ and Palaeoproterozoic deposits at 〈15~ palaeolatitude. Palaeomagnetic data imply that the Proterozoic geomagnetic field approximated a geocentric axial dipole, hence palaeolatitudes represent geographic latitudes. The Cry- ogenian glacial environment included glacier-flee, continental permafrost regions with ground frozen on a kyr time-scale, aeolian sand-sheets, extensive and long-lived open seas, and an active hydrological cycle. This palaeoenvironment confiicts with the ＇snowball Earth＇ and ＇slushball Earth＇ hypotheses, which cannot accommodate large seasonal changes of temperature near the equator. Consequently, their proponents have attempted to refute the evidence for strong seasonality by introducing Popperian ＇auxiliary assumptions＇. However, non-actualistic arguments that the Cryogenian sand wedges indicate diurnal or weakly seasonal temperature changes are based on misunderstandings of periglacial pro- cesses. Modelling of a strongly seasonal climate for a frozen-over Ear

关键词： Proterozoic Glaciation Periglacial structures Varves Paleoclimate Paleomagetism

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