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Drought trend analysis in a semi-arid area of Iraq based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index and Standardized Precipitation Index

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 413-430页

作者： Ayad M F AL-QURAISHI Heman A GAZNAYEE Mattia CRESPI Department of Surveying and Geomatics engineering Faculty of EngineeringTishk International UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Department of Forestry College of Agricultural Engineering SciencesSalahaddin UniversityErbil 44002Iraq Geodesy and Geomatics Division Department of CivilConstructional and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy Sapienza School for Advanced Studies Sapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Drought was a severe recurring phenomenon in Iraq over the past two decades due to climate change despite the fact that Iraq has been one of the most water-rich countries in the Middle East in the *** Iraqi Kurdistan Region(IKR)is located in the north of Iraq,which has also suffered from extreme *** this study,the drought severity status in Sulaimaniyah Province,one of four provinces of the IKR,was investigated for the years from 1998 to ***,Landsat time series dataset,including 40 images,were downloaded and used in this *** Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)were utilized as spectral-based drought indices and the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)was employed as a meteorological-based drought index,to assess the drought severity and analyse the changes of vegetative cover and water *** study area experienced precipitation deficiency and severe drought in 1999,2000,2008,2009,and *** findings also revealed a drop in the vegetative cover by 33.3%in the year ***,the most significant shrinkage in water bodies was observed in the Lake Darbandikhan(LDK),which lost 40.5%of its total surface area in *** statistical analyses revealed that precipitation was significantly positively correlated with the SPI and the surface area of the LDK(correlation coefficients of 0.92 and 0.72,respectively).The relationship between SPI and NDVI-based vegetation cover was positive but not *** precipitation did not always correspond to vegetative drought;the delay of the effect of precipitation on NDVI was one year.

关键词： climate change drought Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI) Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI) delay effect

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Nitrogen-doped biochars as adsorbents for mitigation of heavy metals and organics from water:a review

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 906-935页

作者： Nitesh Kasera Praveen Kolar Steven G.Hall Department of Biological and agricultural engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA

Mitigation of toxic contaminants from wastewater is crucial to the safety and sustainability of the aquatic ecosystem and human *** is a pressing need to find economical and efficient technologies for municipal,agricultural,aquacultural,and industrial wastewater ***-doped biochar,which is synthesized from waste biomass,is shown to exhibit good adsorptive performance towards harmful aqueous contaminants,including heavy metals and organic ***-porating nitrogen into the biochar matrix changes the overall electronic structure of biochar,which favors the interaction of N-doped biochar with *** this review,we start the discussion with the preparation techniques and raw materials used for the production of N-doped biochar,along with its structural ***,the adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants on N-doped biochars is systematically *** adsorption mechanisms of contaminant removal by N-doped biochar are also clearly ***,mathematical analyses of adsorption,crucial to the quantification of adsorption,process design,and understanding of the mechanics of the process,are ***,the influence of environmental parameters on the adsorption process and the reusability of N-doped biochars are critically ***,future research trends for the design and development of application-specific preparation of N-doped biochars for wastewater treatment are suggested.

关键词： N-doped Nitrogen-enriched Adsorption Wastewater Mechanism

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VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 form a regulatory feedback loop to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape

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Horticulture Research 2023年第10期10卷 88-100页

作者： Wenwen Liu Huayuan Mu Ling Yuan Yang Li Yuting Li Shenchang Li Chong Ren Wei Duan Peige Fan Zhanwu Dai Yongfeng Zhou Zhenchang Liang Shaohua Li Lijun Wang Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology and State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100093China China National Botanical Garden Beijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 10049China National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of Plant and Soil sciences Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentucky 40546USA

Anthocyanins are essential for the quality of perennial horticultural crops,such as *** grapes,ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5)and MYBA1 are two critical transcription factors that regulate anthocyanin *** previous work has shown that Vitis vinifera B-box protein 44(VvBBX44)inhibits anthocyanin synthesis and represses VvHY5 expression in grape ***,the regulatory mechanism underlying this regulation was *** this study,we found that loss of VvBBX44 function resulted in increased anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine ***44 directly represses VvMYBA1,which activates ***1,but not VvBBX44,directly modulates the expression of grape UDP flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase(VvUFGT).We demonstrated that VvBBX44 represses the transcriptional activation of VvUFGT and VvBBX44 induced by ***,VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 did not physically interact in *** application of exogenous anthocyanin stimulated VvBBX44 expression in grapevine suspension cells and tobacco *** findings suggest that VvBBX44 and VvMYBA1 form a transcriptional feedback loop to prevent overaccumulation of anthocyanin and reduce metabolic *** work sheds light on the complex regulatory network that controls anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine.

关键词： loop anthocyanin crops

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Modeling of pulsed electric field processing

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Food Innovation and Advances 2023年第3期2卷 171-183页

作者： Sudhir K.Sastry The Ohio State University Department of Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering 590 Woody Hayes Drive ColumbusOH 43210USA

Herein,we discuss the modeling of the pulsed electric field(PEF)process,with attention focused on the originally intended application of pasteurization of liquid *** review literature on three classes of *** are the models for electroporation(of molecular scale),derived from physics and physical chemistry considerations,and their extension to probabilistic approaches which treat pore formation as a random *** discuss the more recent approaches involving molecular ***,we consider treatment-chamber and system scale models,which are based on continuum physics approaches,and rely on computational Multiphysics codes for their *** then discuss the base assumptions for several modeling ***,we consider models for inactivation kinetics for bacteria exposed to PEF,including the first order,Hulsheger,Peleg and Weibull *** close with discussions of other models and experimental approaches for model verification and obtaining kinetic parameters from continuous flow PEF systems.

关键词： pulsed field discussions

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