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Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories chinese academy of sciences School of Astronomy and Space sciences University of chinese academy of sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics chinese academy of sciences Institute of Space sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics innovation academy for Microsatellites chinese academy of sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics chinese academy of sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Institute of Deep Space sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

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A surface engineering strategy for the stabilization of zinc metal anodes with montmorillonite layers toward long-life rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 94-105页

作者： Wenbo Wang Ruifeng Xu Xu Zhang Peiyu Wang Bao Yang Bingjun Yang Juan Yang Kailimai Su Pengjun Ma Yanan Deng Xianfeng Fan Wanjun Chen Key Laboratory for Electronic Materials College of Electrical Engineering Northwest Minzu University Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials Research Center State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Materials and Processes School of Engineering University of Edinburgh

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries （AZIBs） exhibit appreciable potential in the domain of electrochemical energy ***,there are serious challenges for AZIBs,for instance zinc dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）,and corrosion side ***,we propose a surface engineering modification strategy for coating the montmorillonite （MMT） layer onto the surface of the Zn anode to tackle these issues,thereby achieving high cycling stability for rechargeable *** results reveal that the MMT layer on the surface of the Zn anode is able to provide ordered zincophilic channels for zinc ions migration,facilitating the reaction kinetics of zinc *** functional theory（DFT） calculations and water contact angle （CA） tests prove that MMT@Zn anode exhibits superior adsorption capacity for Zn2+and better hydrophobicity than the bare Zn anode,thereby achieving excellent cycling ***,the MMT@Zn||MMT@Zn symmetric cell holds the stable cycling over 5600 h at 0.5 mA cm-2and 0.125 m A h cm-2,even exceeding 1800 h long cycling under harsh conditions of 5 m A cm-2and 1.25 m A h *** MMT@Zn||V2O5full cell reaches over 3000 cycles at 2 A g-1with excellent rate ***,this surface engineering modification strategy for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs represents a promising application.

关键词： Surface engineering strategy Montmorillonite layer Protection mechanism of Zn anode Cycling stability Aqueous zinc ion batteries

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Modification of Melting Combustion Kinetic Model of Fine Ash from Entrained-Flow Gasifier

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 300-310页

作者： WANG Wenyu LI Wei LU Yu REN Qiangqiang LYU Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

Coal gasification technology is a prominent technology in the coal chemical industry and serves as the fundamental basis for various process industries,including coal-based chemicals,coal-based liquid fuels,Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC) power generation,multi-generation systems,hydrogen production,and fuel *** gasification process generates significant quantities of ash residue,with annual emissions exceeding tens of millions of tons and accumulation reaching hundreds of millions of ***,there is an urgent need to investigate methods for its *** combustion of gasified fine ash(GFA) was conducted in a tube furnace,and the conventional shrinking core model was modified to accurately predict the combustion behaviors at different temperatures(900℃-1500℃).We divided the reaction temperatures into three ranges,which is defined as unmelted combustion(TFT) and mixed combustion(DTFT),the surface ash of GFA grains fell off,and the residual carbon and gas-phase reactants were nearly no longer affected by the diffusion resistance,thus significantly accelerated the reaction of internal residual *** order to predict the melt combustion process more accurately,the time term of the shrinkage core model(SCM) is modified,and the effective diffusion coefficient of T>FT is defined.

关键词： fine ash melting combustion kinetic model combustion characteristics

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High-precision potassium isotope analysis using the Nu Sapphire collision cell(CC)-MC-ICP-MS

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Science China Earth sciences 2022年第8期65卷 1510-1521页

作者： Wenjun LI Mengmeng CUI Qiqi PAN Jing WANG Bingyu GAO Shanke LIU Meng YUAN Benxun SU Ye ZHAO Fang-Zhen TENG Guilin HAN Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Nu Instruments WrexhamLL139XSUK Isotope Laboratory Department of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA Institute of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing100083China

This study presents high-precision analyses of stable potassium(K)isotope ratio using the recently-developed,collision-cell multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(CC-MC-ICP-MS,Nu Sapphire).The accuracy of our analyses is confirmed by measuring well-characterized geostandards(including rocks and seawater).Our results are consistent with literature values and a precision of 0.04‰(2SD)has been achieved based on multiple measurements of BCR-2 geostandard over a six-month *** also evaluate factors that may lead to artificial isotope fractionations,including the mismatches in K concentration and acid molarity between samples and bracketing standards,as well as potential *** the K adsorption capacity of AGW50-X8(200-400 mesh)is reduced with an increasing amount of matrix elements,less than 150µg K was loaded during the column *** evaluate the potential use of K isotopes as an archive of paleo seawater composition,δ^(41)K values of an international seawater standard(IAPSO),a Mn-nodule(NOD-P-1),and two iron formation standards(FeR-2 and FeR-4)are *** δ^(41)K value of IAPSO is consistent with other seawater samples reported previously,further substantiating a homogeneous K isotopic distribution in modern global *** K isotopes in Mn-nodule(NOD-P-1:−0.121±0.013‰)and iron formation samples(FeR-2:−0.538±0.009‰;FeR-4:−0.401±0.008‰)seem to be an effective tracer of their formation genesis and compositional changes of ancient *** results suggest that high-precision measurements of stable K isotopes can be routinely obtained and open up a large variety of geological applications,such as continental weathering,hydrothermal circulation and alteration of oceanic crust.

关键词： CC-MC-ICP-MS Potassium isotopes Geostandards Sample-standard bracketing method Low energy path

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Enhanced hydrothermal stability of Cu-SAPO-34 with an ultrathin TiO_(2)coated by atomic layer deposition for NH3-SCR

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2022年第10期65卷 2325-2336页

作者： TIAN HeYuan XI WenChang ZHANG YiBo SUN LiWei LIU Peng WU Fan YANG Guo GUO Feng YANG XiangGuang State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and ProcessChangchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Materials sciences and Engineering Henan Institute of TechnologyXinxiang 453000China Ganjiang innovation academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanjiang 341000China

Reducing pollution and carbon emissions is an important step toward peaking CO_(2)emissions before 2030 and reaching carbon neutrality before 2060,and heavy diesel vehicle pollution,particularly nitrogen oxides(NOx)emissions,is an essential ***-34 is a CHA-type small pore molecular sieve with excellent ammonia(NH_(3))selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR)catalytic activity,but it cannot be stored or applied because of severe degradation caused by low-temperature hydrothermal *** improve the hydrothermal stability,TiO_(2)was coated on the surface of Cu-SAPO-34 by the ALD method to form a uniform *** this ultrathin TiO_(2)nanolayer has little effect on NH_(3)-SCR catalytic activity of Cu-SAPO-34,the resistance to low-temperature hydrothermal aging in liquid water at 80℃for 24 h has greatly been improved.A study carried out by SEM,XRD,NH_(3)-TPD,and EPR,showed that the ultra-thin TiO_(2)nanolayers were covered uniformly and hydrolysis of frameworks silicon and the migration of Cu^(2+)was *** method has some implications for the future preparation of highly robust Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts for industrial *** research could inspire the development of highly robust CuSAPO-34 catalysts to control the NOx emissions from diesel engines.

关键词： selective catalytic reduction chabazite zeolite catalyst Cu-SAPO-34 low-temperature hydrothermal stability atomic layer deposition

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Review on remediation technologies for arseniccontaminated soil

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 41-54页

作者： Xiaoming Wan Mei Lei Tongbin Chen Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100101China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Arsenic(As)is a top human carcinogen widely distributed in the ***-contaminated soil exists worldwide and poses a threat on human health through water/food consumption,inhalation,or skin *** than 200 million people are exposed to excessive As concentration through direct or indirect exposure to contaminated ***,affordable and efficient technologies that control risks caused by excess As in soil must be *** presently available methods can be classified as chemical,physical,and *** utilization of multiple technologies is also common to improve remediation *** review presents the research progress on different remediation technologies for As-contaminated *** chemical methods,common soil washing or immobilization agents were *** technologies were mainly discussed from the field ***,the most widely used technology for As-contaminated soil in China,was the main focus for *** development for evaluating soil remediation efficiency was also *** research directions were proposed based on literature analysis.

关键词： Arsenic,field-scale Immobilization Phytoextraction Soil washing

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Coarsening Behavior of Al_3(Sc, Zr) Precipitates and Its Influence on Recrystallization Temperature of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第6期25卷 749-752页

作者： Gang Du Jingwei Deng Desheng Yan Mingjiu Zhao Lijian Rong Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

Effects of intermediate annealing temperature and time after hot working on recrystallization temperature （Tr） of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy subjected to further cold working were investigated. It was found that Tr of cold worked alloy dropped with the rise of intermediate annealing temperature or extension of annealing time, clue to coarsening of Al3（Sc, Zr） particles during intermediate annealing. After annealed at 550℃ for 1 h or 475℃ for 50 h, Tr is nearly same as that in a Sc, Zr free 5A06 alloy. Coarsening mechanism was also discussed. After hot rolling, residual dislocations promoted diffusion of Sc and Zr atoms at the elevated temperature of the intermediate annealing. Easier diffusion sped the growth of the AI3（Sc, Zr） particles, resulting in a coherency loss and quantity reduction of the particles.

关键词： Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates Coarsening Recrystallization Diffusion

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Powder x-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis of (C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3))_(2)CuCl_(4)

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chinese Physics B 2021年第6期30卷 58-61页

作者： Yi Liu Jun Shen Zunming Lu Baogen Shen Liqin Yan Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China

Structural properties of the organic-inorganic hybrid(C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3))_(2)CuCl_(4) have been investigated by means of x-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis. A structural phase transition from Pbca to Aba2 occurs at T_(4)= 240 K, which results in a paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition. The release of the Jahn–Teller distortion with increasing temperature toward T_(4) is revealed by the structural analysis.

关键词： organic-inorganic hybrid x-ray diffraction (C_(2)H_(5)NH_(3))_(2)CuCl_(4)

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A design of resonant cavity with an improved coupling-adjusting mechanism for the W-band EPR spectrometer

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chinese Physics B 2022年第11期31卷 115-120页

作者： Yu He Runqi Kang Zhifu Shi Xing Rong Jiangfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Chinainstru&Quantumtech(Hefei)Co. LtdHefei 230031China

We report a new design of resonant cavity for a W-band electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)*** improved coupling-adjusting mechanism,which is robust,compact,and suits with both solenoid-type and split-pair magnets,is utilized on the cavity,and thus enables both continuous-wave(CW)and pulsed EPR *** is achieved by a tiny metal cylinder in the *** coupling coefficient can be varied from 0.2 to ***,two pistons at each end of the cavity allow for adjustment of the resonant frequency.A horizontal TE_(011) geometry also makes the cavity compatible with the two frequently used types of *** coupling-varying ability has been demonstrated by reflection coefficient(S_(11))*** and pulsed EPR experiments have been *** performance data indicates a prospect of wide applications of the cavity in fields of physics,chemistry and biology.

关键词： electron paramagnetic resonance W-band microwave cavity coupling coefficient

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Compensation of body shake errors in terahertz beam scanning single frequency holography for standoff personnel screening

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chinese Physics B 2016年第8期25卷 437-442页

作者：刘玮李超孙兆阳赵宇吴世有方广有 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company Beijing 100161 China

In the terahertz（THz） band, the inherent shake of the human body may strongly impair the image quality of a beam scanning single frequency holography system for personnel screening. To realize accurate shake compensation in imaging processing, it is quite necessary to develop a high-precision measure system. However, in many cases, different parts of a human body may shake to different extents, resulting in greatly increasing the difficulty in conducting a reasonable measurement of body shake errors for image reconstruction. In this paper, a body shake error compensation algorithm based on the raw data is proposed. To analyze the effect of the body shake on the raw data, a model of echoed signal is rebuilt with considering both the beam scanning mode and the body shake. According to the rebuilt signal model, we derive the body shake error estimated method to compensate for the phase error. Simulation on the reconstruction of point targets with shake errors and proof-of-principle experiments on the human body in the 0.2-THz band are both performed to confirm the effectiveness of the body shake compensation algorithm proposed.

关键词： body shake compensation THz imaging single frequency holography beam scanning

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