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Calibration of the Solar X-ray Detector on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B for Soft X-ray Detection

Science china Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 11-26页

作者： Man-Hei NG Xiaoping ZHANG Jianwu CHEN Yongqiang SHI Fuchang ZUO Wenxi PENG Weichun FU Liansheng LI Pengwei LUO Chi-Long TANG Guozheng ZHANG Zhiwu MEI Li WANG Cunhui LI Jiaming OU Yanyan XU State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology china national space administration (CNSA) Macau Center for Space Exploration and Science space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Laboratory Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of Physics

The Solar X-ray Detector(SXD) on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B) was successfully launched via the Chinese Long March-2C rocket on 21 May 2023, and commenced operations in early June of the same year. The MSS-1B/Soft X-ray Detection Units(SXDUs) employ two silicon drift detectors(SDDs), providing a wide range of energy spectra spanning from 0.7 to 24 keV. Notably, the SXDUs deliver a high-resolution capability of 0.14 keV@5.9 keV and operate with a time cadence of 1 second. Here, we perform thorough calibrations of the MSS-1B/SXDUs, employing a combination of ground experiments and simulations. In addition, quantitative analysis comparing the flux measurements obtained by the MSS-1B/SXDUs to the data collected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES), provides compelling evidence of their consistency. Furthermore, the preliminary spectral analysis results showcase the robustness and expected performance of the MSS-1B/SXDUs, unlocking their potential for facilitating the study of dynamic evolution of solar flares. Moreover, the innovative MSS-1B/Solar X-ray Detector facilitates concurrent observations of solar soft and hard X-rays, thereby making valuable contributions to the advancements in solar research.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1B (MSS-1B) Calibration Solar X-Ray Detector Spectrometer Soft X-rays Solar flares Solar abundances

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Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 10-19页

作者： BingKun Yu PengHao Tian XiangHui Xue Christopher JScott HaiLun Ye JianFei Wu Wen Yi TingDi Chen XianKang Dou Institute of Deep space Sciences Deep Space Exploration LaboratoryHefei 230088China CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei national Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China Department of Meteorology University of ReadingReading RG66BBUK

Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 *** they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite *** this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde *** deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.

关键词： ionospheric sporadic E layer radio occultation ionosondes numerical model deep learning model artificial intelligence

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Calibration procedures for the CHASE/HIS science data

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 10-17页

作者： Ye Qiu ShiHao Rao Chuan Li Cheng Fang MingDe Ding Zhen Li YiWei Ni WenBo Wang Jie Hong Qi Hao Yu Dai PengFei Chen XiaoSheng Wan Zhi Xu Wei You Yuan Yuan HongJiang Tao XianSheng Li YuKun He Qiang Liu School of Astronomy and space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering Shanghai 201109China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China

The Hα line is an important optical line in solar observations containing the information from the photosphere to the chromosphere. To study the mechanisms of solar eruptions and the plasma dynamics in the lower atmosphere, the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE) was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit on October 14, 2021. The scientific payload of the CHASE satellite is the Hα Imaging Spectrograph(HIS). The CHASE/HIS acquires, for the first time, seeing-free Hα spectroscopic observations with high spectral and temporal resolutions. It consists of two observational modes. The raster scanning mode provides full-Sun or region-of-interest spectra at Hα(6559.7-6565.9 ?) and Fe I(6567.8-6570.6 ?) wavebands. The continuum imaging mode obtains full-Sun photospheric images at around 6689 ?. In this paper, we present detailed calibration procedures for the CHASE/HIS science data, including the dark-field and flat-field correction, slit image curvature correction, wavelength and intensity calibration, and coordinate transformation. The higher-level data products can be directly used for scientific research.

关键词： space-based telescope solar physics chromosphere photosphere

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The Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE) mission: An overview

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 2-9页

作者： Chuan Li Cheng Fang Zhen Li MingDe Ding PengFei Chen Ye Qiu Wei You Yuan Yuan MinJie An HongJiang Tao XianSheng Li Zhe Chen Qiang Liu Gui Mei Liang Yang Wei Zhang WeiQiang Cheng JianXin Chen ChangYa Chen Qiang Gu QingLong Huang MingXing Liu ChengShan Han HongWei Xin ChangZheng Chen YiWei Ni WenBo Wang ShiHao Rao HaiTang Li Xi Lu Wei Wang Jun Lin YiXian Jiang LingJie Meng Jian Zhao School of Astronomy and space Science Nanjing University Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University) Ministry of Education Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Academy of spaceflight Technology china Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application china Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Key and Special Project Center of china national space administration (CNSA)

The Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE), dubbed “Xihe”—Goddess of the Sun, was launched on October 14, 2021 as the first solar space mission of china national space administration(CNSA). The CHASE mission is designed to test a newly developed satellite platform and to acquire the spectroscopic observations in the Hα waveband. The Hα Imaging Spectrograph(HIS)is the scientific payload of the CHASE satellite. It consists of two observational modes: raster scanning mode and continuum imaging mode. The raster scanning mode obtains full-Sun or region-of-interest spectral images from 6559.7 to 6565.9 ? and from 6567.8 to 6570.6 ? with 0.024 ? pixel spectral resolution and 1 min temporal resolution. The continuum imaging mode obtains photospheric images in continuum around 6689 ? with the full width at half maximum of 13.4 ?. The CHASE mission will advance our understanding of the dynamics of solar activity in the photosphere and chromosphere. In this paper, we present an overview of the CHASE mission including the scientific objectives, HIS instrument overview, data calibration flow, and first results of on-orbit observations.

关键词： space-based telescope solar physics chromosphere photosphere

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On the technologies of Hα imaging spectrograph for the CHASE mission

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 29-36页

作者： Qiang Liu Hongjiang Tao Changzheng Chen Chengshan Han Zhe Chen Gui Mei Liang Yang Qinglong Hu Hongwei Xin Xiansheng Li Hongyu Guan Donglin Xue Mingchao Zhu Changhong Hu Qinghua Ha Yukun He Cheng Fang Chuan Li Zhen Li Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130033China School of Astronomy and space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China

The Hα imaging spectrograph(HIS) is the scientific payload of the first solar space mission, the Chinese Hα solar explorer(CHASE), supported by the china national space administration(CNSA). The CHASE/HIS achieves, for the first time in space, Hα spectroscopic observations with high spectral and temporal resolutions. Separate channels for the raster scanning mode(RSM) and continuum imaging mode(CIM) are integrated into one, and a highly integrated design is achieved through multiple folding of the optical path and ultra-light miniaturized components. The design of HIS implements a number of key technologies such as high-precision scanning of the optical field of view(FOV), high-precision integrated manufacturing inspection, a large-tolerance pre-filter window, and full-link solar radiation calibration. The HIS instrument has a pixel spectral resolution of 0.024 ? and can complete a full-Sun scanning within 46 s.

关键词： space-based telescope design and performance testing of optical systems scan imaging

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Autonomous navigation method and technology implementation of high-precision solar spectral velocity measurement

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 37-44页

作者： Wei Zhang Yong Yang Wei You JinZhou Zheng Hui Ye KaiJun Ji Xiao Chen Xin Lin QingLong Huang XueWu Cheng Wei Zhang FaQuan Li Shanghai Academy of spaceflight Technology Shanghai 201109China Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering Shanghai 201109China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Deep space Exploration Technology Shanghai 201109China State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The velocity information of spacecraft can be directly obtained by the autonomous navigation method based on astronomical spectral velocity measurement. It provides complete direct velocity measurement information for the traditional navigation methods represented by astronomical angle measurement and astronomical ranging, which is of great significance for spacecraft high precision autonomous navigation. This paper comprehensively introduces the principle and navigation method of astronomical spectral velocity measurement, as well as the technical realization of the solar atomic frequency discriminator for autonomous navigation(SAFDAN) based on atomic frequency discrimination velocity measurement. The new SAFDAN is the first instrument to measure the Doppler velocity of spacecraft relative to the Sun. Carried by the CHASE mission, the in-orbit experiment of the SAFDAN is realized, and the in-orbit velocity measurement accuracy reaches 1.93 m/s, which effectively verifies the feasibility of the astronomical spectral velocity measurement method and technology.

关键词： orbit determination and improvement spectra frequency measurement

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Levitated-body ultra-high pointing accuracy and stability satellite platform of the CHASE mission

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 18-28页

作者： Wei Zhang WeiQiang Cheng Wei You Xiao Chen Jian Zhang Chuan Li Cheng Fang Shanghai Academy of spaceflight Technology Shanghai 201109China Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering Shanghai 201109China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Deep space Exploration Technology Shanghai 201109China School of Astronomy and space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023China

The CHASE satellite is designed based on the novel ultra-high pointing accuracy and stability levitated-body satellite platform,which breaks the traditional idea of rigidly connecting the satellite platform and payload. When operating in orbit, the platform and payload are non-connected and spatially levitated. By separately arranging the “noisy” and “quiet” devices, the complicated influence of platform vibration on the payload pointing direction is effectively avoided. Using the novel master-slave collaborative control method, the pointing accuracy and stability of the payload are improved considerably. In this paper, the basic principles, overall scheme, control method, and engineering implementation of a levitated-body satellite platform are *** with the CHASE mission in-orbit data, the actual attitude pointing precision and stability of a levitated-body satellite platform are analyzed and evaluated.

关键词： artificial Earth satellites magnetic levitation devices vibration isolation control theory and feedback

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Development and Prospect of Chinese Lunar Relay Communication Satellite

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space(Science & Technology) 2021年第1期2021卷 241-254页

作者： Lihua Zhang DFH Satellite Co. Ltd.China

Relay communication satellites play a very important role on the lunar far side and pole areas exploration *** relay communication satellite was developed to provide relay communication support for the lander and the rover of Chang’e-4 mission landing on the far side of the *** entering into the halo mission orbit around Earth-Moon libration point 2 on June 14,2018,it has operated on the orbit more than thirty *** worked very well and provided reliable,continuous relay communication support for the lander and the rover to accomplish the goals of Chang’e-4 lunar far side soft landing and patrol exploration *** of the lunar south polar regions is of high scientific interest.A new relay communication satellite for Chinese south pole exploration mission is also under *** system design and on-orbit operation status of Queqiao relay communication satellite were summarized in this *** system concept of the relay communication satellite for lunar south pole exploration missions is ***,the future development and prospect of the lunar relay communication satellite system are given.

关键词： system Relay summarized

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The Mars rover subsurface penetrating radar onboard china's Mars 2020 mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第4期4卷 345-354页

作者： Bin Zhou ShaoXiang Shen Wei Lu Qing Liu ChuanJun Tang ShiDong Li GuangYou Fang Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Detection Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

china's Mars probe,named Tianwen-1,including an orbiter and a landing rover,will be launched during the July-August 2020 Mars launch *** to be among the rover payloads is a Subsurface Penetrating Radar module(RoSPR).The main scientific objective of the RoSPR is to characterize the thickness and sub-layer distribution of the Martian *** RoSPR consists of two *** low frequency channel of the RoSPR will penetrate the Martian soil to depths of 10 to 100 m with a resolution of a few *** higher frequency channel will penetrate to a depth of 3 to 10 m with a resolution of a few *** paper describes the design of the instrument and some results of field experiments.

关键词： SPR Mars Rover LFM subsurface china's Mars 2020

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Introduction to the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer(CHASE)Mission

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空间科学学报 2022年第4期42卷 546-549页

作者： FANG Cheng LI Chuan School of Astronomy and space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023 Key Laboratory for Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics Ministry of EducationNanjing 210023

The Chinese HαSolar Explorer(CHASE)mission,dubbed as“Xihe”——Goddess of the Sun,was launched on 14 October 2021 as the first solar space mission of china national space administration(CNSA).The CHASE mission aims to test an ultra-high precision and stability platform,and to acquire solar HαSpectroscopic observations with high temporal and spectral *** its launch,the in-orbit performance of the scientific payload——HαImaging Spectrograph(HIS)has been *** first set of data has been calibrated and analyzed *** CHASE science data are expected to advance our understanding of the plasma dynamics in the solar lower atmosphere,and to investigate the Sun as a star for stellar physics.

关键词： space-based telescope Solar physics Solar activities

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