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Cardiac differentiation is modulated by anti-apoptotic signals in murine embryonic stem cells

World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 551-559页

作者： Amani Yehya Joseph Azar Mohamad Al-Fares Helene Boeuf Wassim Abou-Kheir Dana Zeineddine Ola Hadadeh Department of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiological SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirut 1107-2020Lebanon Inserm BiotisU1026University BordeauxBordeaux F-33000France Rammal Rammal lab Physio-Toxicity Environmental TeamFaculty of SciencesLebanese UniversityNabatieh 0000Lebanon

BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)serve as a crucial ex vivo model,representing epiblast cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage *** exhibit a unique combination of self-renewal potency,unlimited proliferation,and *** latter is evident by the ability of the isolated cells to differ-entiate spontaneously into multiple cell lineages,representing the three primary embryonic germ *** regulatory networks guide ESCs,directing their self-renewal and lineage-specific ***,or programmed cell death,emerges as a key event involved in sculpting and forming various organs and structures ensuring proper embryonic ***-ever,the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between diffe-rentiation and apoptosis remain poorly *** To investigate the regulatory impact of apoptosis on the early differentiation of ESCs into cardiac cells,using mouse ESC(mESC)models-mESC-B-cell lym-phoma 2(BCl-2),mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-metallothionein-1(MET-1)-which overexpress the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2,Pim-2,and Met-1,*** mESC-T2(wild-type),mESC-BCl-2,mESC-PIM-2,and mESC-MET-1 have been used to assess the effect of potentiated apoptotic signals on cardiac *** hanging drop method was adopted to generate embryoid bodies(EBs)and induce terminal differentiation of *** size of the generated EBs was measured in each condition compared to the wild *** the functional level,the percentage of cardiac differentiation was measured by calculating the number of beating cardiomyocytes in the manipulated mESCs compared to the *** the molecular level,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers:Troponin T,GATA4,and ***,troponin T protein expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence and western blot *** Our findings showed that the upregulation of Bcl-

关键词： Mouse embryonic stem cells Self-renewal Apoptosis Cardiac differentiation B-cell lymphoma 2 PIM-2 Metallothionein-1

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Interplay of RNA-binding proteins controls germ cell development in zebrafish

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第9期51卷 889-899页

作者： De-li Shi laboratory of Developmental Biology CNRS-UMR7622Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine(IBPS)Sorbonne University75005 ParisFrance

The specification of germ cells in zebrafish mostly relies on an inherited mechanism by which localized maternal determinants,called germ plasm,confer germline fate in the early *** studies have partially allowed the identification of key regulators governing germ plasm formation and subsequent germ cell ***-binding proteins,acting in concert with other germ plasm components,play essential roles in the organization of the germ plasm and the specification,migration,maintenance,and differentiation of primordial germ *** loss of their functions impairs germ cell formation and causes sterility or sexual *** is emerging that they instruct germline development through differential regulation of mRNA fates in somatic and germ ***,the challenge remains to decipher the complex interplay of maternal germ plasm components in germ plasm compartmentalization and germ cell *** failure to control the developmental outcome of germ cells disrupts the formation of gametes,it is important to gain a complete picture of regulatory mechanisms operating in the germ cell *** review sheds light on the contributions of RNA-binding proteins to germ cell development in zebrafish and highlights intriguing questions that remain open for future investigation.

关键词： Germplasm Primordialgerm cell Germlinestem cell Gametogenesis Zebrafish RNA-binding protein Posttranscriptional gene expression Translational activation and repression

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Selective and taxon-dependent effects of semi-feral cattle grazing on tree regeneration in an old-growth Mediterranean mountain forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 128-140页

作者： Xavier Fortuny Christopher Carcaillet Sandrine Chauchard Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes(EPHE) PSL University75014 ParisFrance laboratoire d’ cologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés(UMR5023 cnrs UniversitéLyon 1ENTPE)69622 VilleurbanneFrance Universitéde lorraine AgroParisTechINRAEUMR Silva54000 NancyFrance

Background:In Mediterranean mountain socio-ecosystems,both grazing by livestock and the dry season may influence tree ***,the relative contributions of these drivers are poorly known,even though present and future canopy composition might result from past and present variations in climate and herbivore *** study aims to test how semi-feral cattle presence and season affect tree ***:The study was conducted using permanent plots inside and outside a cattle exclosure in an old-growth Mediterranean *** and seedlings were counted five times per year(winter,early spring,middle spring,summer,fall)and monitored over 7 ***:Semi-feral cattle exclusion increased Acer,Fagus,Ilex,Pinus,Prunus and Quercus sapling densities and increased Acer,Fraxinus,Ilex,Quercus and Sorbus seedling ***,the dry season did not exert any noticeable effects on the sapling or seedling densities of any of the studied ***:Semi-feral cattle presence may limit tree regeneration through taxon-dependent effects,which suggests that the current decrease in grazing livestock across the Mediterranean basin will modify recruitment processes and,likely,future forest ***:Semi-feral cattle presence acts as a selective driver of tree community composition.

关键词： Cattle Climate Experiment Herbivory Forest pastoralism

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An Update on Abscisic Acid Signaling in Plants and More

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 198-217页

作者： Aleksandra Wasilewsk.a Florina Vlad Caroline Sirichandra Yulia Redko Fabien Jammes Christiane Valon Nicolas Frei dit Frey Jeffrey leung Institut des Sciences du Vegetal Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR 23551 Avenue de la Terrasse Bat. 23 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France cnrs UPR9073 Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France laboratoire Signalisation et Regulation Coordonnee du Metabolisme Carbone et Azote Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes (UMR8618) Universite Paris-Sud F-91405 Orsay Cedex France

The mode of abscisic acid （ABA） action, and its relations to drought adaptive responses in particular, has been a captivating area of plant hormone research for much over a decade. The hormone triggers stomatal closure to limit water loss through transpiration, as well as mobilizes a battery of genes that presumably serve to protect the cells from the ensuing oxidative damage in prolonged stress. The signaling network orchestrating these various responses is, however, highly complex. This review summarizes several significant advances made within the last few years. The biosynthetic pathway of the hormone is now almost completely elucidated, with the latest identification of the ABA4 gene encoding a neoxanthin synthase, which seems essential for de novo ABA biosynthesis during water stress. This leads to the interesting question on how ABA is then delivered to perception sites. In this respect, regulated transport has attracted renewed focus by the unexpected finding of a shoot-to-root translocation of ABA during drought response, and at the cellular level, by the identification of a B-galactosidase that releases biologically active ABA from inactive ABA-glucose ester. Surprising candidate ABA receptors were also identified in the form of the Flowering Time Control Protein A （FCA） and the Chloroplastic Magnesium Protoporphyrin-IX Chelatase H subunit （CHlH） in chloroplast-nucleus communication, both of which have been shown to bind ABA in vitro. On the other hand, the protein（s） corresponding to the physiologically detectable cell-surface ABA receptor（s） is （are） still not known with certainty. Genetic and physiological studies based on the guard cell have reinforced the central importance of reversible phosphorylation in modulating rapid ABA responses. Sucrose Non-Fermenting Related Kinases （SnRK）, Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases （CDPK）, Protein Phosphatases （PP） of the 2C and 2A classes figure as prominent regulators in this single-cell model. Identifying their d

关键词： Abscisic Acid Signaling Plants and More

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Evolutionary modifications of Astyanax larval prey capture (lPC) in a dark environment

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Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 750-760页

作者： luis Espinasa Ruth Diamant Ehud Vinepinsky Monika Espinasa School of Science Marist CollegePoughkeepsieNY 12601USA Depto.de Física Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaCiudad de México C.P.09310México Institut de Biologie de l’ENS(IBENS) Département de BiologieÉcole Normale SupérieureCNRSINSERMUniversitéPSL75005 ParisFrance SUNY Ulster Stone RidgeNY 12484USA

Feeding strategies of an organism depend on the multimodal sensory processing that most efficiently integrates available visual,chemosensory,and/or mechanoreceptive cues as part of their environmental *** blind cavefish morph of Astyanax mexicanus has developed sensory-dependent behaviors to find food more efficiently than their eyed,surface-morph counterparts while in *** the absence of light,adult cavefish have evolved enhanced behaviors,such as vibration attraction behavior(VAB),and changes in feeding ***,we identified evolved differences in cavefish larval prey capture(lPC)*** the dark,lPC is more efficient in cavefish than in surface ***,different cave populations express laterality in their lPC and strike towards prey preferentially located on their left or right *** suggests the occurrence,to some extent,of divergent lPC evolution among cave *** lPC can be triggered exclusively by a vibration stimulus in both surface and cavefish,we provide evidence that lPC is,at least partially,a multimodal sensory process different from adult *** also found that a lack of food may exacerbate the laterality of ***,we proposed a mathematical model for explaining laterality based on a balance between:(1)enlarged range of foraging field(behavioral or perceptive)due to asymmetry,(2)food abundance,and(3)disadvantages caused by laterality(unequal lateral hydrodynamic resistance when swimming,allocation of resources for the brain and receptors,and predator escape).

关键词： Astyanax Cave Troglobite Neuromast Prey Asymmetry

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A pilot study of antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi from some Sudanese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015年第9期8卷 689-692页

作者： Afra Khiralla Ietidal Mohamed Justinne Thomas Beno t Mignard Rosella Spina Sakina Yagi Dominique laurain-Mattar Universit ede lorraine SRSMC UMR 7565 BP 70239F-54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France cnrs SRSMC UMR 7565 BP 70239F-54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France Botany Department Faculty of Science University of KhartoumSudan Plant Advanced Technologies PAT c/o ENSAIA – INPLFrance

Objective: To evaluate the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts of 21 endophytic fungi isolated from five Sudanese medicinal plants: Calotropis procera, Catharanthus roseus, Euphorbia prostrate, Vernonia amygdalina and Trigonella foenumgraecum. Methods: Crude extracts of endophytic fungi and their host plants were tested by classical Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method to determine the total phenolic content, also total antioxidant capacity was estimated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging in vitro method. Results: Among the endophytes, endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds demonstrated the highest both total phenolic content in term of gallic acid equivalent(GAE) [(89.9±7.1 mg GAE/g)] and antioxidant activity for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay [IC50:(18.0±0.1 μg/m l)]. A high positive linear correlation(R2=0.999 1) was found between total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of endophytic fungi isolated from Vernonia amygdalina. Conclusions: The present study revealed that some endophytic fungi from the five Sudanese medicinal plants could be a potential source of novel natural antioxidant compounds.

关键词： Sudanese medicinal plants Endophytic fungi Antioxidant activity Total phenolic content

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Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 437-446页

作者： Stephane Kraus Tamara Gomez-Moracho Cristian Pasquaretta Gerard latil Audrey Dussutour Mathieu lihoreau Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA) Center for Intergrative Biology (CBI)CNRS University Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

Animals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nu trie nt regulation is complicated by the fact that few in dividuals, the foragers, must address the diverge nt nutritional n eeds of all colony members simulta neously, includi ng other workers, the reproductives, and the brood. Here we used 3D nutritional geometry design to examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection of 3 major macronutrients in the presence and absenee of brood. We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) and pollens (solid diets) varying in their compositions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colo nies give n a choice betwee n nutrition ally complementary diets self-selected foods to reach a target ratio of 71% proteins, 6% carbohydrates, and 23% lipids, irrespective of the presenee of brood. Whe n con fined to a single nutrition ally imbalanced solid diet, colonies without brood regulated lipid collection and over-collected protein relative to this target ratio, whereas colonies with brood regulated both lipid and protein collection. This brood effect on the regulation of nutrient collection by workers suggests that protein levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight the importa nee of con sidering bee nu trition as a multidimensi onal phe no men on to better assess the effects of environmental impoverishment and malnutrition on population declines.

关键词： artificial diets Bombus terrestris bumble bees nutritional geometry rule of compromise

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Well-Balanced Central Scheme for the System of MHD Equations with Gravitational Source Term

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Communications in Computational Physics 2022年第8期32卷 878-898页

作者： Farah Kanbar Rony Touma Christian Klingenberg Institute for Mathematics University of WuerzburgGermany Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American UniversityLebanon

A well-balanced second order finite volume central scheme for the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)equations with gravitational source term is developed in this *** scheme is an unstaggered central scheme that evolves the numerical solution on a single grid and avoids solving Riemann problems at the cell interfaces using ghost staggered cells.A subtraction technique is used on the conservative variables with the support of a known steady state in order to manifest the well-balanced property of the *** divergence-free constraint of themagnetic field is satisfied after applying the constrained transport method(CTM)for unstaggered central schemes at the end of each time-step by correcting the components of the magnetic *** robustness of the proposed scheme is verified on a list of numerical test cases from the literature.

关键词： MHD equations unstaggered central schemes well-balanced schemes steady states divergence-free constraint constrained transport method

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A fully bio-sourced adsorbent of heavy metals in water fabricated by immobilization of quinine on cellulose paper

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第10期31卷 174-183页

作者： Ehu C.Aka Medy C.Nongbe Tchirioua Ekou lynda Ekou Vincent Coeffard Francois-Xavier Felpin Universite de Nantes CNRS UMR 6230CEISAM2 rue de la Houssinière44322 Nantes Cedex 3France Universite Nangui Abrogoua Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu02 BP 801 Abidjan 02Cote d'lvoire

The fabrication of a fully bio-sourced adsorbent of Cd(Ⅱ)by covalent immobilization of quinine on cellulose paper is *** double bond of commercially available quinine was converted to a terminal alkyne function which was reacted with cellulose paper,chemically modified with azide functions,through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition,leading to *** adsorption efficiency of Cell-Quin was investigated to determine the optimal pH,contact time and dose of adsorbent,ultimately leading to high levels of *** mechanism of adsorption of Cell-Quin was deeply rationalized through kinetic experiments and isotherm *** also showed that Cell-Quin could adsorb other heavy metals such as Cu(Ⅱ),Pb(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ)and Zn(Ⅱ).

关键词： Cellulose paper Quinine Heavy metal removal Adsorbent

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Jasmonic Acid Oxidase 2 Hydroxylates Jasmonic Acid and Represses Basal Defense and Resistance Responses against Botrytis cinerea Infection

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Molecular Plant 2017年第9期10卷 1159-1173页

作者： Ekaterina Smirnova Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes CNRS Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique Institut de Chimie Université de Strasbourg CNRS Strasbourg France

Jasmonates （JAs） orchestrate immune responses upon wound/herbivore injury or infection by necrotro- phic pathogens. Elucidation of catabolic routes has revealed new complexity in jasmonate metabolism. Two integrated pathways attenuate signaling by turning over the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine （JA-Ile） through w-oxidation or deconjugation, and define an indirect route forming the derivative 12OH-JA. Here, we provide evidence for a second 12OH-JA formation pathway by direct jasmonic acid （JA） oxidation. Three jasmonic acid oxidases （JAOs） of the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase family catalyze spe- cific oxidation of JA to 12OH-JA, and their genes are induced by wounding or infection by the fungus Botrytis cinerea. JA02 exhibits the highest basal expression, and its deficiency in jao2 mutants strongly enhanced antifungal resistance. The resistance phenotype resulted from constitutive expression of antimi- crobial markers rather than from their higher induction in infected jao2 plants and could be reversed by ectopic expression of any of the three JAOs injao2. Elevated defense injao2 was dependent on the activity of JASMONATE RESPONSE 1 （JAR1） and CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE 1 （COI1） but was not correlated with erihanced JA-Ile accumulation. Instead, jao2 mutant lines displayed altered accumulation of several JA species in healthy and challenged plants, suggesting elevated metabolic flux through JA-Ile. Collectively, these data identify the missing enzymes hydroxylating JA and uncover an important metabolic diversion mechanism for repressing basal JA defense responses.

关键词： 2-oxoglutarate oxygenase jasmonic acid defense regulation hormone metabolism Botrytis

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