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Impact of thermal processes on multi-crystalline silicon

Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 32-41页

作者： Moonyong KIM Phillip HAMER Hongzhao LI David PAYNE Stuart WENHAM Malcolm ABBOTT Brett HALLAM School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering Universityof New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Department of Materials University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PH United Kingdom

Fabrication of modem multi-crystalline silicon solar cells involves multiple processes that are thermally intensive. These include emitter diffusion, thermal oxida- tion and firing of the metal contacts. This paper illustrates the variation and potential effects upon recombination in the wafers due to these thermal processes. The use of light emitter diffusions more compatible with selective emitter designs had a more detrimental effect on the bulk lifetime of the silicon than that of heavier diffusions compatible with a homogenous emitter design and screen-printed contacts. This was primarily due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering for the light emitter. This reduction in lifetime could be mitigated through the use of a dedicated gettering process applied before emitter diffusion. Thermal oxida- tions could greatly improve surface passivation in the intra- grain regions, with the higher temperatures yielding the highest quality surface passivation. However, the higher temperatures also led to an increase in bulk recombination either due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering, or due to the presence of a thicker oxide layer, which may interrupt hydrogen passivation. The effects of fast firing were separated into thermal effects and hydrogenation effects. While hydrogen can passivate defects hence improving the performance, thermal effects during fast firing can dissolve precipitating impurities such as iron or de-getter impurities hence lower the performance, leading to a poisoning of the intra-grain regions.

关键词： gettering grain boundaries hydrogen impurities oxidation passivation solar cell

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Feature Selection for Cluster Analysis in Spectroscopy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2435-2458页

作者： Simon Crase Benjamin Hall Suresh N.Thennadil College of Engineering IT&EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia Defence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh5111Australia Energy and Resources Institute Charles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNT 0909Australia

Cluster analysis in spectroscopy presents some unique challenges due to the specific data characteristics in spectroscopy,namely,high dimensionality and small sample *** order to improve cluster analysis outcomes,feature selection can be used to remove redundant or irrelevant features and reduce the ***,for cluster analysis,this must be done in an unsupervised manner without the benefit of data *** paper presents a novel feature selection approach for cluster analysis,utilizing clusterability metrics to remove features that least contribute to a dataset’s tendency to *** versions are presented and evaluated:The Hopkins clusterability filter which utilizes the Hopkins test for spatial randomness and the Dip clusterability filter which utilizes the Dip test for *** new techniques,along with a range of existing filter and wrapper feature selection techniques were evaluated on eleven real-world spectroscopy datasets using internal and external clustering *** newly proposed Hopkins clusterability filter performed the best of the six filter techniques ***,it was observed that results varied greatly for different techniques depending on the specifics of the dataset and the number of features selected,with significant instability observed for most techniques at low numbers of *** was identified that the genetic algorithm wrapper technique avoided this instability,performed consistently across all datasets and resulted in better results on average than utilizing the all the features in the spectra.

关键词： Cluster analysis spectroscopy unsupervised learning feature selection wavenumber selection

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Unconfined compressive strength of MICP and EICP treated sands subjected to cycles of wetting-drying,freezing-thawing and elevated temperature:Experimental and EPR modelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第5期15卷 1226-1247页

作者： Isaac Ahenkorah Mizanur Rahman Rajibul Karim Simon Beecham WSP Golder WA6003Australia UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia

Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)and enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)are two bio-cementation techniques,which are relatively new methods of ground *** both techniques share some similarities,they can exhibit different overall behaviours due to the differences in urease enzyme sources and treatment *** paper presented 40 unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests of MICP and EICP treated sand specimens with similar average calcium carbonate(CaCO3)content subjected to cycles of wetting-drying(WD),freezing-thawing(FT)and elevated temperature(fire resistance test e FR and thermogravimetric analysis e TG).The average CaCO3 content after a certain number of WD or FT cycles(ACn)and their corresponding UCS(qn)reduced while the mass loss *** EICP treated sand specimens appeared to exhibit a lower resistance to WD and FT cycles than MICP treated specimens possibly due to the presence of unbonded or loosely bonded CaCO3 within the soil matrix,which was subsequently removed during the wetting(during WD)or thawing(during FT)*** test and TG analysis showed a significant loss of mass and reduction in CaCO3 content with increased temperatures,possibly due to the thermal decomposition of CaCO3.A complete deterioration of the MICP and EICP treated sand specimens was observed for temperatures above 600*** observed behaviours are complex and theoretical understanding is far behind to develop a constitutive model to predict ***,a multi-objective evolutionary genetic algorithm(GA)that deals with pseudo-polynomial structures,known as evolutionary polynomial regression(EPR),was used to seek three choices from millions of polynomial *** best EPR model produced an excellent prediction of qn with a minimum sum of squares error(SSE)of 2.392,mean squared error(MSE)of 0.075,root mean square error(RMSE)of 0.273 and a maximum coefficient of determination of 0.939.

关键词： Bio-cementation Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) Calcium carbonate Urease enzyme

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Women and youths participation in agroforestry:What counts and what doesn’t around Mount Elgon,Uganda?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第12期18卷 3306-3320页

作者： GALABUZI Charles AGABA Hillary OKIA Clement Akias ODOUL Judith MUTHURI Catherine National Forestry Resources Research Institute(NaFORRI) Kampala 1752Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization(NARO) Entebbe 295Uganda World Agroforestry Uganda Country OfficeKampala 2641Uganda World Agroforestry United Nations AvenueNairobi 30677Kenya Department of Environmental Sciences Muni UniversityArua 725Uganda

The increase in global climate change incidents is a glaring indication that more pragmatic and direct approaches to tree and forest management are urgently needed.A study was conducted around Mount Elgon Uganda between June 2018 and December *** objectives were to:i)determine the socio-economic characteristics of women and youth farmers engaged in agroforestry,ii)determine the relationship between women and youth farmers’characteristics in adoption of tree technologies and related decisions,and iii)assess the incentives,challenges and strategies for promoting agroforestry technologies’adoption in the *** were collected from 250 women and youths using focus group discussions,semi-structured,and key informant *** showed that engagements in agroforestry practices attracted largely(82%)of uneducated women and youths and basic methods and tools were used to *** to 70%of women and youth relied on crop farming as a major source of income,earning about USD$250 *** and family size were positively(P>0.0001)related to tree adoption decisions while farmer capacity building activities(such as training,farmer guided field tours,and participatory farmer trial’s establishments)and access to low-cost tree seedlings motivated their involvement in tree *** scarcity,soil,water,and tree conservation issues and shortage of desired tree species affected the extent of tree growing in both women and youth-led *** suggested strategies comprised strengthening farmer capacity-building programs and upholding soil and water conservation *** has the potential to address the challenges related to land scarcity and shortage of desired tree products in women and youth-led households around Mount ***,the women and youths involved in farming activities were generally poor,illiterate and faced issues of land *** factors,limited their full potential and interest in agroforestry.A significant incr

关键词： Agroforestry trees Farmer decisions Farmer participation Livelihoods East African highlands

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Intercomparison of Himawari-8 AHI-FSA with MODIS and VIIRS active fire products

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第4期13卷 457-473页

作者： Chathura Wickramasinghe Luke Wallace Karin Reinke Simon Jones School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre MelbourneAustralia

The AHI-FSA(Advanced Himawari Imager-Fire Surveillance Algorithm)is a recently developed algorithm designed to support wildfire surveillance and mapping using the geostationary Himawari-8 *** present,the AHI-FSA algorithm has only been tested on a number of case study fires in Western *** results demonstrate potential as a wildfire surveillance algorithm providing high frequency(every 10 minutes),multi-resolution fire-line *** paper intercompares AHI-FSA across the Northern Territory of Australia(1.4 million km2)over a ten-day period with the well-established fire products from LEO(Low Earth Orbiting)satellites:MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)and VIIRS(Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite).This paper also discusses the difficulties and solutions when comparing high temporal frequency fire products with existing low temporal resolution LEO satellite *** results indicate that the multi-resolution approach developed for AHI-FSA is successful in mapping fire activity at 500 *** compared to the MODIS,daily AHIFSA omission error was only 7%.High temporal frequency data also results in AHI-FSA observing fires,at times,three hours before the MODIS overpass with much-enhanced detail on fire movement.

关键词： AHI-FSA wildfire surveillance intercomparison Himawari-8

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Humanized bone facilitates prostate cancer metastasis and recapitulates therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid in vivo

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Bone Research 2019年第4期7卷 388-398页

作者： Marietta Landgraf Christoph ALahr Alvaro Sanchez-Herrero Christoph Meinert Ali Shokoohmand Pamela MPollock Dietmar WHutmacher Abbas Shafiee Jacqui AMcGovern Centre in Regenerative Medicine Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia School of Biomedical Science Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationTranslational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia australian Research Council(ARC)Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia UQ Diamantina Institute Translational Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Advanced prostate cancer(PCa)is known for its high prevalence to metastasize to bone,at which point it is considered *** significant effort,there is no animal model capable of recapitulating the complexity of PCa bone *** humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis used in this study aims to provide a platform for the assessment of new drugs by recapitulating the human–human cell interactions relevant for disease development and *** humanized tissueengineered bone construct(hTEBC)was created within NOD-scid IL2rgnull(NSG)mice and was used for the study of experimental PC3-Luc bone *** was confirmed that PC3-Luc cells preferentially grew in the hTEBC compared with murine *** translational potential of the humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis was evaluated with two clinically approved osteoprotective therapies,the non-species-specific bisphosphonate zoledronic acid(ZA)or the human-specific antibody Denosumab,both targeting Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β***,but not Denosumab,significantly decreased metastases in hTEBCs,but not murine *** results highlight the importance of humanized models for the preclinical research on PCa bone metastasis and indicate the potential of the bioengineered mouse model to closely mimic the metastatic cascade of PCa cells to human ***,it will enable the development of new effective antimetastatic treatments.

关键词： metastasis PC3 drugs

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Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 989-1013页

作者： Alexander Young Nicolas Flament Kayla Maloney Simon Williams Kara Matthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietmar Müller School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong EarthByte Group School of Geosciences The University of Sydney Sydney Informatics Hub The University of Sydney

Detailed global plate motion models that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through time are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of numerical models of mantle dynamics pre-and post-Pangea timeframes requires global kinematic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 Ma). Current plate models that cover Paleozoic times are characterised by large plate speeds and trench migration rates because they assume that lowermost mantle structures are rigid and fixed through time. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynamic models, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowermost mantle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate motion model with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from the early Devonian at 410 Ma to present *** analyse the model in terms of surface kinematics and predicted lower mantle structure. The magnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by modifying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, implementing a Paleozoic reference frame independent of any geodynamic assumptions, and implementing revised models for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 Ma) RMS plate speeds are on average ～8 cm/yr, which is comparable to Mesozoic-Cenozoic rates of ～6 cm/yr on *** global median values of trench migration trend from higher speeds(～2.5 cm/yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm/yr at the end of the Permian(～250 Ma), and during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 Ma) generally cluster tightly around ～1.1 cm/yr. Plate motions are best constrained over the past 130 Myr and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate median rates range between 3.2 cm/yr and 12.4 cm/yr with a present day median rate estimat

关键词： Tectonic reconstruction Paleozoic Plate velocities Subduction zone kinematics Lower mantle structure South China

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Designing multilayer diamond like carbon coatings for improved mechanical properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第6期65卷 108-117页

作者： Mohammad Sharear Kabir Zhifeng Zhou Zonghan Xie Paul Munroe School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW.2052Australia mineAlloy Institute for Frontier MaterialsDeakin UniversityWaum PondsVIC3217Australia Advanced Coatings Applied Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical and Biomedical EngineeringCity University of Hong Kong.KowloonHong KongChina School of Mechanical Engineering University of AdelaideSA5005Australia School of Engineering Edith Cowan University.WA6027Australia

New multilayer coatings were produced by incorporating alternating soft and hard DLC layers enabled by varying the bias voltage during deposition process while maintaining a constant hard-to-soft layer thickness *** coatings were deposited onto a Cr/Cr Cxgraded layer by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS).The cross-sectional analysis of the coatings showed that the multilayer coatings possess sharp interfaces between the soft and hard layers with the hard to soft layer thickness ratio(1:1.33)constant in all the *** analysis uncovered the increasing sp^(3)character of the DLC coatings as a result of decreasing ID/IGratio and increasing full width at half maximum(FWHM)values of the G band peak induced supposedly by an increase in bias voltage during hard layer *** tests showed an increase in hardness of the DLC coatings which can be correlated with the increase in the sp^(3)content of the coatings as well as decreasing sp^(2)-C cluster size,as calculated from the ID/***,the coatings exhibited excellent plastic deformation resistance and adhesion strength upon microindentation and scratch testing,*** further investigations are required to assess coating durability,the multilayer design could offer the DLC coatings with a rare opportunity to combine the high hardness with damage resistance with a constant bilayer thickness and without the need to introduce complex multilayer system.

关键词： Diamond like carbon(DLC) Closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering(CFUBMS) sp^(3)Character Nanoindentation Plastic deformation resistance Scratch adhesion behaviour

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Tailoring mesoporous-silica nanoparticles for robust immobilization of lipase and biocatalysis

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 605-617页

作者： Mohammad Kalantari Meihua Yu Yannan Yang Ekaterina Strounina Zhengying Gu Xiaodan Huang Jun Zhang Hao Song Chengzhong Yu australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia Center for Advanced Imaging The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia

The rational design of nano-carriers is critical for modem enzyme immobilization for advanced biocatalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis of octadecylalkyl- modified mesoporous-silica nanoparticles （C18-MSNs） with a high C18 content （-19 wt.%） and tunable pore sizes （1.6--13 nm）. It is demonstrated that the increased hydrophobic content and a tailored pore size （slightly larger than the size of lipase） are responsible for the high performance of immobilized lipase. The optimized C18-MSNs exhibit a loading capacity of 711 mg/g and a specific activity 5.23 times higher than that of the free enzyme. Additionally, 93% of the initial activity is retained after reuse five times, which is better than the best performance reported to date. Our findings pave the way for the robust immobilization of lipase for biocatalytic applications.

关键词： silica hydrophobic lipase immobilization hyperactivation pore size

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Will Earth's next supercontinent assemble through the closure of the Pacific Ocean?

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 73-81页

作者： Chuan Huang Zheng-Xiang Li Nan Zhang Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR) School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking University

Earth’s known super continents are believed to have formed in vastly different ways,with two endmembers being introversion and *** former involves the closure of the internal oceans formed during the break-up of the previous supercontinent,whereas the latter involves the closure of the previous external super ***,it is unclear what caused such diverging behavior of supercontinent cycles that involved first-order interaction between subducting tectonic plates and the *** we address this question through 4D geo dynamic modeling using realistic tectonic *** results show that the strength of the oceanic lithosphere plays a critical role in determining the assembly path of a *** found that high oceanic lithospheric strength leads to introversion assembly,whereas lower strength leads to extroversion assembly.A theoretically estimated reduction in oceanic crustal thickness,and thus its strength,during Earth’s secular cooling indicates that introversion was only possible for the Precambrian time when the oceanic lithosphere was stronger,thus predicting the assembling of the next supercontinent Amasia through the closure of the Pacific Ocean instead of the Indian-Atlantic *** work provides a new understanding of the secular evolution of plate tectonics and geodynamics as the Earth cooled.

关键词： yield stress oceanic lithosphere introversion extroversion supercontinent cycle

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