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Necrotic enteritis challenge regulates peroxisome proliferator-1 activated receptors signaling and β-oxidation pathways in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 239-251页

作者： Kosar Gharib-Naseri sara de Las Heras-saldana sarbast Kheravii Lihong Qin Jingxue Wang shu-Biao Wu school of Environment and Rural science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Animal science and Husbandary Branch Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesGongzhulingJilin136100China College of Life sciences Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxi030006China

Necrotic enteritis(NE)is an important enteric disease in poultry and has become a major concern in poultry production in the post-antibiotic *** infection with NE can damage the intestinal mucosa of the birds leading to impaired health and,thus,*** gain a better understanding of how NE impacts the gut function of infected broilers,global mRNA sequencing(RNA-seq)was performed in the jejunum tissue of NE challenged and non-challenged broilers to identify the pathways and genes affected by this ***,to induce NE,birds in the challenge group were inoculated with 1 mL of Eimeria species on day 9 followed by 1 mL of approximately 108 CFU/mL of a NetB producing Clostridium per-fringens on days 14 and *** day 16,2 birds in each treatment were randomly selected and euthanized and the whole intestinal tract was evaluated for lesion *** tissue samples from one of the euthanized birds of each replicate(n=4)was used for histology,and the jejunum tissue for RNA ***-seq analysis was performed with an Illumina RNA Hiseq 2000 *** differ-entially expressed genes(DEG)were identified and functional analysis was performed in DAVID to find protein-protein interactions(PPI).At a false discovery rate thresholdsis revealed that DEG were considerably enriched in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR)signaling(Ps(Pstly related to fatty acid metabolism and degradation(cluster of differentiation 36[CD36],acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member-1[ACsBG1],fatty acid-binding protein-1 and-2[FABP1]and[FABP2];and acyl-coenzyme A synthetase-1[ACsL1]),bile acid production and transportation(acyl-CoA oxidase-2[ACOX2],apical sodium-bile acid transporter[AsBT])and essential genes in the immune system(interferon-,[IFN-γ],LCK proto-oncogene,src family tyrosine kinase[LCK],zeta

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Transcriptome Fatty acid metabolism Broiler Challenge

The mating system of the true fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni and its sister species, Bactrocera neohumeralis

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Insect science 2017年第3期24卷 478-490页

作者： Wasala M. T. D. Ekanayake Mudalige s. H. Jayasundara Thelma Peek Anthony R. Clarke Mark K. schutze school of Earth Environmental and Biological Sciences Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Bdsbane Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park Queensland Plant Biosecudty cooperative research Centre Bruce ACT Australia

The frugivorous ＂true＂ fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni （Queensland fruit fly）, is presumed to have a nonresourced-based lek mating system. This is largely untested, and contrary data exists to suggest Bactrocera tryoni may have a resource-based mating system focused on fruiting host plants. We tested the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni, and its close sibling Bactrocera neohumeralis, in large field cages using laboratory reared flies. We used observational experiments that allowed us to determine if：（i） mating pairs were aggregated or nonaggregated; （ii） mating system was resource or nonresource based; （iii） flies utilized possible landmarks （tall trees over short） as mate-rendezvous sites; and （iv） males called females from male-dominated leks. We recorded nearly 250 Bactrocera tryoni mating pairs across all experiments, revealing that：（i） mating pairs were aggregated; （ii） mating nearly always occurred in tall trees over short; （iii） mating was nonresource based; and （iv） that males and females arrived at the mate-rendezvous site together with no evidence that males preceded females. Bactrocera neohumeralis copulations were much more infrequent （only 30 mating pairs in total）, but for those pairs there was a similar preference for tall trees and no evidence of a resource-based mating system. some aspects of Bactrocera tryoni mating behavior align with theoretical expectations of a lekking system, but others do not. Until evidence for unequivocal female choice can be provided （as predicted under a true lek）, the mating system ofBactrocera tryoni is best described as a nonresource based, aggregation system for which we also have evidence that land-marking may be involved.

关键词： aggregation Bactrocera tryoni Dacinae leks nonresourced mating system Tephritidae

An open source, server-side framework for analytical web mapping and its application to health

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第4期7卷 294-315页

作者： simon Moncrieff Geoff West James Cosford Narelle Mullan Andrew Jardine cooperative research Centre for spatial Information Department of Spatial ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia

In this paper,we detail the design and the implementation of an open source,server-side web mapping framework for the analysis of health *** frame-work forms part of a larger project,the goal of which is to provide an analytical web geographical information system(GIs)that enables health experts to analyse spatial aspects of health *** aim of the framework is to provide a method for the dynamic and flexible spatial visualisation of health data to facilitate data exploration and ***,a dynamic thematic web mapping technique,an extension to the Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC)web map service standard,was *** technique combines a data query,processing technique and styling methodology on the fly to generate a thematic *** resulting thematic map represents a virtual map layer that enables a user to rapidly visually summarise properties of a data-set.A test web interface was developed to assess the efficacy of the web mapping *** the dynamic web mapping method builds on existing OGC web mapping standards,it can be readily integrated with the existing lightweight slippy map web clients and virtual globes.

关键词： health web mapping data visualisation dynamic thematic map

Ultrastructure of the gastro intestinal tract of healthy Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica) using light and scanning electron microscopy

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 378-387页

作者： Ngare Wilkinson Ivan Dinev William J.Aspden Robert J.Hughes Ingrid Christiansen James Chapman sheeana Gangadoo Robert J.Moore Dragana stanley Central Queensland University Institute for Future Farming Systems Poultry cooperative research Centre University of New England Armidale Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University south australian research and Development Institute Pig and Poultry Production Institute school of Animal and Veterinary sciences University of Adelaide school of science RMIT University Department of Microbiology Monash University

The Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica) are popular both as an alternative protein source and as a model of choice for scientific research in several disciplines. There is limited published information on the histological features of the intestinal tract of Japanese quail. The only comprehensive reference is a book published in 1969. This study aims to fill that niche by providing a reference of general histological features of the Japanese quail, covering all the main sections of the intestinal tract. Both light and scanning electron microscope(sEM) images are presented. Results showed that the Japanese quail intestinal tract is very similar to that of the chicken with the exception of the luminal koilin membrane of the gizzard. scanning electron microscopic photomicrographs show that in the Japanese quail koilin vertical rods are tightly packed together in a uniform manner making a carpet-like appearance. This differs in chicken where the conformations of vertical rods are arranged in clusters.

关键词： Japanese quail Coturnix japonica Histology Microscopy scanning electron microscopy Gastrointestinal tract

Auditory neuropathy in a patient with hemochromatosis

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Journal of Otology 2016年第4期11卷 -页

作者： Gary Rance Donella Chisari The University of Melbourne

Objective:To evaluate the auditory function of an individual with genetically confirmed hemochromatosis. Methods: A 57 year old male with mildly impaired sound detection thresholds underwent a range of behavioural, electroacoustic and elec-trophysiologic assessments. These included the recording of otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses, measurement of monaural temporal resolution and evaluation of binaural speech processing. Findings for this patient were subsequently compared with those of 80 healthy controls with similar audiometric thresholds. Results: The patient showed the three cardinal features of auditory neuropathy, presenting with evidence of normal cochlear outer hair cell function, disrupted neural activity in the auditory nerve/brainstem and impaired temporal processing. His functional hearing ability (speech perception) was significantly affected and suggested a reduced capacity to use localization cues to segregate signals in the presence of back-ground noise. Conclusion:We present the first case of an individual with hemochromatosis and auditory neuropathy. The findings for this patient highlight the need for careful evaluation of auditory function in individuals with the disorder.

关键词： Hemochromatosis Auditory neuropathy Temporal processing speech perception

Dietary composition affects odour emissions from meat chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第1期1卷 24-29页

作者： Nishchal K.sharma Mingan Choct shu-Biao Wu Robert smillie Robert A.swick school of Environmental and Rural science University of New England Poultry cooperative research Centre

Abatement of odour emissions has become an important consideration to agricultural industries,including poultry production. The link between diet and odour emissions was studied in two experiments using Ross 308 male meat chickens reared in specially designed chambers in a climate controlled room. In the first experiment, two treatments were compared using three replicates of two birds per chamber. Two wheat-soy based treatment diets were formulated with or without canola seed, an ingredient rich in sulfur amino acids, Treatment 1(T1) had 13,39 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 60 g/kg canola seed without corn while Treatment 2(T2) contained 12.90 MJ/kg ME(as fed) and used 150 g/kg corn without canola seed. In the second experiment, birds were assigned to three dietary treatments of five replicates with five birds per replicate(chamber). The basal starter, grower and finisher diets in the control group(sBM group) contained soybean meal in the range of 227-291 g/kg(as fed) as the main protein source. The other treatments(CM and MBM groups) contained either high levels of canola meal(174-190 g/kg) or meat meal(74-110 g/kg) at the expense of soybean meal. In both experiments, diets were isocaloric, isonitrogenous and contained similar digestible amino acid contents as per 2007 Aviagen Ross 308 guidelines. Emissions of odour were measured using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy. In both experiments, major odorous compounds detected included 2,3-butanedione(diacetyl),2-butanone, dimethyl disulfide, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, 2-butanol, 3-methyl-butanal,phenol and m-cresol. In the first experiment, Tl(with canola seed) produced higher concentration of methyl mercaptan(P second experiment, methyl mercaptan emission was higher in sBM group(P = 0.01) and total elemental sulfur were higher in sBM and CM groups up to day 24(P sults of these experiments indicated a direct link between diet and odour emi

关键词： Fourier transform infrared Diet Odour Meat chicken

specimen aspect ratio and progressive field strain development of sandstone under uniaxial compression by three-dimensional digital image correlation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第4期9卷 599-610页

作者： H. Munoz A. Taheri Deep Exploration Technologies cooperative research Centre (DET CRC) Export Park Adelaide Airport Adelaide SA 5950 Australia school of Civil Environmental & Mining Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia

The complete stress-strain characteristics of sandstone specimens were investigated in a series of quasistatic monotonic uniaxial compression *** patterns development during pre-and post-peak behaviours in specimens with different aspect ratios was also *** stress,post-peak portion of stress-strain,brittleness,characteristics of progressive localisation and field strain patterns development were affected at different extents by specimen aspect *** patterns of the rocks were obtained by applying three-dimensional(3D) digital image correlation(DIC) *** conventional strain measurement using strain gauges attached to specimen,3D DIC allowed not only measuring large strains,but more importantly,mapping the development of field strain throughout the compression test,*** pre-and post-peak *** strain development in the surface of rock specimen suggests that strain starts localising progressively and develops at a lower rate in pre-peak ***,in post-peak regime,strains increase at different rates as local deformations take place at different extents in the vicinity and outside the localised *** extent of localised strains together with the rate of strain localisation is associated with the increase in rate of strength *** localisation and local inelastic unloading outside the localised zone both feature post-peak regime.

关键词： Uniaxial compression test Aspect ratio strain patterns Digital image correlation(DIC)

Body weight and range usage affect net energy utilisation in commercial free-range laying hens when evaluated in net energy chambers

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第2期6卷 192-197页

作者： Manisha Kolakshyapati shu-Biao Wu Terence Z.sibanda santiago Ramirez-Cuevas Isabelle Ruhnke The school of Environmental and Rural science Faculty of ScienceAgricultureBusiness and LawUniversity of New EnglandArmidale2351NSWAustralia FCR Consulting Group Brisbane4000QLDAustralia

Within a given free-range flock,some hens prefer to spend the majority of their time in the shed(stayers),while others frequently access the range(rangers).Laying performance has been associated not only with the development of these sub-populations but also with different body weights(BW).The purpose of this study was to determine if range usage,BW or a combination of both is associated with energy metabolism and as such co ntribute to improved hen ***-eight Lohmann Brown hens at 74 wk of age were selected from a commercial free-range farm based on their BW and range usage over a 56-week *** a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement,hens were either classified as heavy(mean ± sEM;2.01±0.02 kg,n=24) or light(1.68±0,01 kg,n=24),and also classified as rangers(accessed the range for 84.1 % of available days,242±3.75 d;n=24) or stayers(accessed the range for 7.17% of available days;23,4±6.08 d,n=24).stayers had significantly higher metabolizable energy(ME) intake per metabolic BW per d(0.852 vs.0.798 MJ/kg BW0.75 perd;P=0.025),higher heat production(0.637 vs.0.607 MJ/kg BW0.75 perd;P=0.005),higher heat increment(0.267 vs.0.237 MJ/kg BW0.75 per d;P=0.005) and retained more nitrogen(1.59 vs.1.46 g/hen perd;P=0.023) compared to the *** hens had significantly higher metabolic energy intake per metabolic BW(0.854 vs.0.796 MJ/kg BW0.75 per d;P=0.018),net energy(NE) intake(0.595 vs.0.551 MJ/kg BW0.75 per d;P=0.032),and retained energy(0.225 vs.0.181 MJ/kg BW0.75 per d;P=0.032),as well as lower heat production(0.936 vs.1.003 MJ/hen per d;P=0.002) compared to heavier *** interaction was observed across levels of analysis *** light stayers and light *** light rangers had significantly higher NE intake compared to the light stayers(9.77 vs.9.27 MJ/kg BW0.75 per d;P=0.024).In conclusion,light hens were more energy efficient compared to heavy ***,light rangers had a more efficient feed utilisation compared to the light stayers.

关键词： Egg production Health Husbandry Metabolizable energy Poultry nutrition Welfare

Experimental prototyping of the adhesion braking control system design concept for a mechatronic bogie

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Railway Engineering science 2021年第1期29卷 15-29页

作者： sundar shrestha Maksym spiryagin Qing Wu Centre for Railway Engineering Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonAustralia Rail Manufacturing cooperative research Centre(CRC) MelbourneVICAustralia

The dynamic parameters of a roller rig vary as the adhesion level *** change in dynamics parameters needs to be analysed to estimate the adhesion *** of these parameters is noise emanating from wheel–rail *** previous wheel–rail noise analysis has been conducted to mitigate those ***,in this paper,the noise is analysed to estimate the adhesion condition at the wheel–rail contact interface in combination with the other methodologies applied for this *** adhesion level changes with changes in operational and environmental *** accurately estimate the adhesion level,the influence of those factors is included in this *** testing and verification of the methodology required an accurate test prototype of the roller *** general,such testing and verification involve complex experimental works required by the intricate nature of the adhesion process and the integration of the different subsystems(***,traction,braking).To this end,a new reduced-scale roller rig is developed to study the adhesion between wheel and rail roller *** various stages involved in the development of such a complex mechatronics system are described in this ***,the proposed brake control system was validated using the test rig under various adhesion *** results indicate that the proposed brake controller has achieved a shorter stopping distance as compared to the conventional brake controller,and the brake control algorithm was able to maintain the operational condition even at the abrupt changes in adhesion condition.

关键词： Wheel–rail adhesion condition Brake controlMechatronics scaled bogie test rig Wheel–rail noiseAcoustic analysis