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Mining diversity of the natural biorefinery housed within Tipula abdominalis larvae for use in an industrial biorefinery for production of lignocellulosic ethanol

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 303-312页

作者： Dana M. Cook Joy Doran-Peterson Microbiology Department University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

Although they are the largest taxonomic group of animals, relatively few insects have been examined for symbiotic relationships with micro-organisms. However, this is rapidly changing because of the potential for examination of the natural insectmicrobe-lignocellulose interactions to provide insights for biofuel technology. Micro-organisms associated with lignocellulose-consuming insects often facilitate the digestion of the recalcitrant plant diet; therefore these microbial communities may be mined for novel lignocellulose-degrading microbes, or for robust and inexpensive biocatalysts necessary for economically feasible biofuel production from lignocellulose. These insect-microbe interactions are influenced by the ecosystem and specific lignocellulose diet, and appre- ciating the whole ecosystem-insect-microbiota-lignocellulose as a natural biorefinery provides a rich and diverse framework from which to design novel industrial processes. One such natural biorefinery, the Tipula abdominalis larvae in riparian ecosystems, is reviewed herein with applications for biochemical processes and overcoming challenges involved in conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol. From the dense and diverse T. abdominalis larval hindgut microbial community, a cellulolytic bacterial isolate, 27C64, demonstrated enzymatic activity toward many model plant polymers and also produced a bacterial antibiotic. 27C64 was co-cultured with yeast in fermentation of pine to ethanol, which allowed for a 20% reduction of commercial enzyme. In this study, a micro-organism from a lignocellulose-consuming insect was successfully applied for improvement of biomass-to-biofuel technology.

关键词： ethanol hydrolytic enzymes insect-associated microorganisms lignocellulose

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Preliminary Analysis of Gene Expression Profiles in HepG2 Cell Line Induced by Different Genotype Core Proteins of HCV

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2006年第3期3卷 227-233页

作者： Jun Dou Pengbo Liu Jing Wang Xinjian Zhang Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology Southeast University School of Basic Medical Science Nanjing 210009 China Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia 30222 USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology affiliated Zhongda Hospital Southeastern University Nanjing 210009 China Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Harvard Medical School Boston MA02115 USA

In present investigation, we constructed recombinants expressing the HCV genotypes 1b, 2a, and 4d core proteins, and established human hepatocellular carcinoma （HepG2） cell line that expressed various genotype core proteins. The gene expression profiles in the cells expressing different HCV genotype core proteins were compared with those in the control by microarray analysis. In data analysis, a threshold was set to eliminate all genes that were not increased or decreased by 2.5-fold change in a comparison between the transfected cells and control cells. The preliminary microarray analysis suggests that the gene expression profiles regulated by three kinds of genotype core proteins are mainly involved in transport, signal transduction, regulation of transcription, protease activity, etc., and that some pathogenesis/oncogenesis gene expressions are up/down- regulated simultaneously in the HepG2 cell line. The data suggest that each core protein has its gene expressions profile and that the profiles are implicated in HCV replication and pathogenesis, which may open up a novel way to understand the function of the HCV variant core proteins biological and their pathogenic mechanism. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2006;3（3）：227-233.

关键词： hepatitis C virus core protein genotype microarray

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The Nationwide Impact of Injury-related Deaths on Average Life Expectancy in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第4期27卷 304-310页

作者： WANG Yuan JI Cui Rong ZHOU Mai Geng JI Yi Bing LIU Yun Ning DUAN Lei Lei National Center for Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention China CDC

To expand the evidence base to inform future public policy aimed at accident prevention, we investigated the impact of different categories of injury on average life expectancy in China. We used data from the National Death Cause Registration Information System and National Maternity and Children Health Surveillance databases, as well as 2010 population data from the National Bureau of Statistics. We then calculated the average life expectancy of the Chinese population, in addition to life expectancy after eliminating injury-related mortality. The average life expectancy of the Chinese population in 2010 was 74.93 years. After eliminating deaths due to injuries, the fourth leading cause of mortality in China, average life expectancy increased by 1.36 years. When this was broken down by population sub-groups, these gains were 1.76 and 0.79 years in men and women, 0.94 and 1.56 years in urban and rural residents, and 1.11, 1.30, and 1.67 years for residents in the Eastern, Central and Western regions respectively. After eliminating all categories of injury, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population was found to increase by 1.36 years. This figure was higher for males and residents of rural areas and Western China.

关键词： The Nationwide Impact of Injury-related Deaths on Average Life Expectancy in China

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Gynecologic oncologists involvement on ovarian cancer standard of care receipt and survival

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第2期5卷 187-196页

作者： Sun Hee Rim Shawn Hirsch Cheryll C Thomas Wendy R Brewster Darryl Cooney Trevor D Thompson Sherri L Stewart Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Sci Metrika LLC University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

AIM： To examine the infuence of gynecologic oncolo-gists （GO） in the United States on surgical/chemothe-rapeutic standard of care （SOC）, and how this translates into improved survival among women with ovarian cancer （OC）.METHODS： Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result （SEER）-Medicare data were used to identify 11688 OC patients （1992-2006）. Only Medicare recipients with an initial surgical procedure code （n = 6714） were included. Physician specialty was identified by linking SEER-Medicare to the American Medical Association Masterfile. SOC was defined by a panel of GOs. Mul-tivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of receiving surgical/chemotherapeutic SOC and proportional hazards modeling to estimate the effect of SOC treatment and physician specialty on survival. RESULTS： About 34% received surgery from a GO and 25% received the overall SOC. One-third of women had a GO involved sometime during their care. Women receiving surgery from a GO vs non-GO had 2.35 times the odds of receiving the surgical SOC and 1.25 times the odds of receiving chemotherapeutic SOC （P 〈 0.01）. Risk of mortality was greater among women not receiving surgical SOC compared to those who did [hazard ratio = 1.22 （95%CI： 1.12-1.33）, P 〈 0.01], and also was higher among women seen by non-GOs vs GOs （for surgical treatment） after adjusting for covariates. Median survival time was 14 mo longer for women receiving combined SOC. CONCLUSION： A survival advantage associated with receiving surgical SOC and overall treatment by a GO is supported. Persistent survival differences, particularly among those not receiving the SOC, require further investigation.

关键词： Ovarian neoplasms Gynecologic oncologist Guidelines-based care Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result Medicare

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Effect of gynecologic oncologist availability on ovarian cancer mortality

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第2期3卷 71-77页

作者： Sherri L Stewart Darryl Cooney Shawn Hirsch Lauren Westervelt Thomas B Richards Sun Hee Rim Cheryll C Thomas Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30341 United States Sci Metrika LLC Research Triangle Park North Carolina NC 27703 United States

AIM: To determine the association between the distribution of gynecologic oncologist(GO) and populationbased ovarian cancer death rates. METHODS: Data on ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in the United States was supplemented with United States census data, and analyzed in relation to practicing GOs. GO locations were geocoded to link association between county variables and GO availability. Logistic regression was used to measure areas of high and low ovarian cancer mortality, adjusting for contextual variables. RESULTS: Practicing GOs were unevenly distributed in the United States, with the greatest numbers in metropolitan areas. Ovarian cancer incidence and death rates increased as distance to a practicing GO increased. A relatively small number(153) of counties within 24 miles of a GO had high ovarian cancer death rates compared to 577 counties located 50 or more miles away with high ovarian cancer death rates. Counties located 50 or more miles away from a GO practice had an almost 60% greater odds of high ovarian cancer mortality compared to those with closer practicing GOs(OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.18-2.15). CONCLUSION: The distribution of GOs across the United States appears to be significantly associated with ovarian cancer mortality. Efforts that facilitate outreach of GOs to certain populations may increase geographic access.

关键词： Ovarian cancer Gynecologic oncologists Mortality Access to care

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Major histocompatibility complex I upregulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma is associated with increased survival

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第2期3卷 75-81页

作者： Rishi R.Sekar Claire M.De La Calle Dattatraya Patil Sarah A.Holzman Yoram Baum Umer Sheikh Jonathan H.Huang Adeboye O.Osunkoya Brian P.Pollack Haydn T.Kissick Kenneth Ogan Viraj A.Master Department of Urology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Pathology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Dermatology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA The atlanta VA Medical Center DecaturGAUSA

Objective:To examine the prognostic value of tumor major histocompatibility complex I(MHCI)expression on survival and recurrence in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma(RCC).Methods:Fifty-three patients that underwent nephrectomy at our institution for clear cell RCC(T1eT3)with4 years of follow-up were queried from our nephrectomy *** staining for MHCI was performed on tumor specimens and MHCI expression was quantified with an automated image analysis *** were divided into high and low MHCI expression groups in order to study the relationship between MHCI expression and prognosis using the KaplaneMeier method and log-rank ***:Overall survival and recurrence free survival were increased in the high MHCI expression group compared to the low MHCI expression group(log-rank,p=0.036 and p=0.028,respectively).Patients alive at the end of the study had higher MHCI expression(mean positivity score 0.82)than those that died of disease(mean positivity score 0.76,t test,p=0.030).Patients that did not develop recurrence during the study period had higher MHCI expression(mean positivity score 0.83)than those that did develop recurrence(mean positivity score 0.78),but this difference was not significant(t test,p =0.079).

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma Prognosis MHCI Biomarker

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Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Their Implications for Human Exposures in Several Asian Countries

Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations and Their Implications fo...

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持久性有机污染物论坛2011暨第六届持久性有机污染物全国学术研讨会

作者： Kurunthachalam Kannan International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Healthand Department of Environmental Health SciencesSchool of Public HealthState University of New York at AlbanyEmpire State PlazaP.O.Box 509AlbanyNew York 12201-0509

*** Bisphenol A(BPA) is primarily used in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, which are widely used in applications such as baby feeding bottles,toys,epoxy food-can linings, medical equipment and tubing,and consumer *** is one of the highest production volume chemicals,with six billion pounds produced each year *** of the potential for human exposure and adverse health effects,information regarding body burdens and sources of BPA is necessary to develop strategies to mitigate *** is known on human exposures and body

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Pluripotent Stem Cells Models for Huntington's Disease:Prospects and Challenges

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第6期39卷 253-259页

作者： Richard L. Carter Anthony W.S.Chan Yerkes National Primate Research Center 954 Gatewood Rd.N.E.AtlantaGA 39329USA Genetic and Molecular Biology Program Graduate Division of Biologieal and Biomedical SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGA 30322USA Department of Human Genetics Emory University School of Medicine615 Michael St.AtlantaGA 30322USA

Pluripotent cellular models have shown great promise in the study of a number of neurological disorders. Several advantages of using a stem cell model include the potential for cells to derive disease relevant neuronal cell types, providing a system for researchers to monitor disease progression during neurogenesis, along with serving as a platform for drug discovery. A number of stem cell derived models have been employed to establish in ~,itro research models of Huntington＇s disease that can be used to investigate cellular pathology and screen lk^r drug and cell-based therapies. Although some progress has been made, there are a number of challenges and limitations that must be overcome before the true potential of this research strategy is achieved. In this article we review current stem cell models that have been reported, as well as discuss the issues that impair these studies. We also highlight the prospective application of Huntington＇s disease stem cell models in the development of novel therapeutic strategies and advancement of personalized medicine.

关键词： Stem cell models Huntington's disease Induced pluripotent stem cells Drug discovery

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Progress in Research of Nutrition and Life Expectancy

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第3期27卷 155-161页

作者： ZHENG Xiao Ying HAN You Li GUO Chao ZHANG Lei QIU Yue CHEN Gong Institute of Population Research Peking University School of Health Management and Education Capital Medical University China Development Research Foundation

Life expectancy is an important indicator to evaluate the social development of a country. Health and longevity can not only improve people＇s life quality but also ensure them to have more time to pursue their life goal. A one-year increase in life expectancy during ＇China＇s Twelfth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan＇ period has been used as an indicator to evaluate whether the goal of improving people＇s living standards continuously is met. Nutrition is one of the important factors affecting people＇s health. Both malnutrition and overnutrition are risk factors for disease and death. Many studies of the relationship between nutrition and life expectancy have been conducted in the world, and the results of them are quite valuable for China to improve people＇s life expectancy by targeted nutrition intervention strategy. This paper summarizes the progress in research of nutrition and life expectancy in the world.

关键词： Progress in Research of Nutrition and Life Expectancy body

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结核病控制中病人管理评估:纽约市改善病例管理工作的3年实践

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2008年第1期3卷 23-28页

作者： C-C. N. Udeagu M. S. Dorsinville S. S. Munsiff Y. Vilnyanskaya I. Wang 夏辉（译）刘宇红（校）王雪静（审） New york City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene New York New York Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia USA 不详

目的:描述纽约市结核病控制局(BTBC)的工作人员经过3年努力,探索与病人管理(CM)中存在的不足的相关因素,并改善CM的实施。设计:评估2003年第2季度报告的TB病例的管理情况,并与2002年进行的类似评估进行比较。在需要改进的目标领域实施... 详细信息

目的:描述纽约市结核病控制局(BTBC)的工作人员经过3年努力,探索与病人管理(CM)中存在的不足的相关因素,并改善CM的实施。设计:评估2003年第2季度报告的TB病例的管理情况,并与2002年进行的类似评估进行比较。在需要改进的目标领域实施相应的策略,并找出有助于改进工作的干预措施。结果:从2002年至2003年,病例管理的某些指标有了很大提高,如对病人进行直接面视下治疗重要性(32%vs.74%)、每月随访重要性(24% vs.51%)和发展为耐药的潜在可能性的宣教(36%vs.61%)。告知病人获得BTBC所提供的医疗服务的指标也提高了(16%vs.59%);然而, CM活动的文件记录、及时性以及督导活动的实施仍然较差。督导员们把主要原因归咎于对实际开展工作的不完善文件记录。结论:通过评估,发现了病人管理以及规划督导中的不足。这些发现将用于调整工作计划、制定有针对性的干预措施、加强教育和培训,以改进工作实施。

关键词：结核病例管理规划评估病人管理

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