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Proteostasis failure:at the intersection between aging and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3221-3222页

作者： Natalia Poblete Claudio Hetz Center for Geroscience Brain Health and MetabolismSantiagoChile Biomedical Neuroscience Institute Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology Institute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile Buck Institute for research on Aging NovatoCAUSA

Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of *** we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to *** is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloid β and hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.

关键词： Alzheimer amyloid stasis

Heterogeneously integrated silicon-conductive oxide MOSCAP microring modulator array

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Photonics research 2025年第1期13卷 187-193页

作者： WEI-CHE HSU SAEED ABDOLHOSSEINI HAISHENG RONG RANJEET KUMAR BERND ZECHMANN ALAN X.WANG Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Baylor University School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Oregon State University Intel Corporation Center of Microscopy and Imaging Baylor University

In pursuit of energy-efficient optical interconnect, the silicon microring modulator（Si-MRM） has emerged as a pivotal device offering an ultra-compact footprint and capability of on-chip wavelength division multiplexing（WDM）. This paper presents a 1 × 4 metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor（MOSCAP） Si-MRM array gated by high-mobility titanium-doped indium oxide（ITi O）, which was fabricated by combining Intel's high-volume manufacturing process and the transparent conductive oxide（TCO） patterning with the university facility. The 1 × 4 Si-MRM array exhibits a high electro-optic（E-O） efficiency with Vπ· L of 0.12 V · cm and achieves a modulation rate of（3 × 25 + 1 × 15） Gb/s with a measured bandwidth of 14 GHz. Additionally, it can perform on-chip WDM modulation at four equally spaced wavelengths without using thermal heaters. The process compatibility between silicon photonics and TCO materials is verified by such an industry-university co-fabrication approach for the MOSCAP Si-MRM array and demonstrated enhanced performance from heterogeneous integration.

关键词： Modulation Optical interconnects Optical signals Silicon modulators Silicon photonics Wavelength division multiplexing

Autonomy in materials research: a case study in carbon nanotube growth

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 25-30页

作者： Pavel Nikolaev Daylond Hooper Frederick Webber Rahul Rao Kevin Decker Michael Krein Jason Poleski Rick Barto Benji Maruyama air force research Laboratory Materials and Manufacturing DirectorateRXASWPAFBDaytonOHUSA UES Inc DaytonOHUSA Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories Cherry HillNJUSA Present address:air force research Laboratory RHCIWPAFBOH 45433 and Infoscitex IncDaytonOH 45431USA Present address:air force research Laboratory 711 Human Performance WingHuman Effectiveness DirectorateRHASWPAFBDaytonOH 45433USA

Advances in materials are an important contributor to our technological progress,and yet the process of materials discovery and development itself is *** current research process is human-centred,where human researchers design,conduct,analyse and interpret experiments,and then decide what to do *** have built an Autonomous research System(ARES)—an autonomous research robot capable of first-of-its-kind closed-loop iterative materials *** exploits advances in autonomous robotics,artificial intelligence,data sciences,and high-throughput and in situ techniques,and is able to design,execute and analyse its own experiments orders of magnitude faster than current research *** applied ARES to study the synthesis of singlewalled carbon nanotubes,and show that it successfully learned to grow them at targeted growth *** has broad implications for the future roles of humans and autonomous research robots,and for human-machine *** believe autonomous research robots like ARES constitute a disruptive advance in our ability to understand and develop complex materials at an unprecedented rate.

关键词： robot artificial autonomous

Recent advances in multipactor physics and mitigation

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High Voltage 2023年第6期8卷 1095-1114页

作者： Asif Iqbal De‐Qi Wen John Verboncoeur Peng Zhang Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA Department of Computational Mathematics Scienceand EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

Recent progress made in the prediction,characterisation,and mitigation of multipactor discharge is reviewed for single‐and two‐surface ***,an overview of basic concepts including secondary electron emission,electron kinetics under the force law,multipactor susceptibility,and saturation mechanisms is provided,followed by a discus-sion on multipactor mitigation *** strategies are categorised into two broad areas–mitigation by engineered devices and engineered radio frequency(rf)*** approach is useful in different *** advances in multipactor physics and engineering during the past decade,such as novel multipactor prediction methods,un-derstanding space charge effects,schemes for controlling multipacting particle trajec-tories,frequency domain analysis,high frequency effects,and impact on rf signal quality are *** addition to vacuum electron multipaction,multipactor‐induced ioni-zation breakdown is also reviewed,and the recent advances are summarised.

关键词： multip kinetics susceptibility

A different view： sensory drive in the polarized-light realm

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 513-523页

作者： Thomas W. CRONIN Department of Biological Sciences University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21250 USA

Sensory drive, the concept that sensory systems primarily evolve under the influence of environmen tal features and that animal signals are evolutionarily shaped and tuned by these previously existing sensory systems, has been thoroughly studied regarding visual signals across many animals. Much of this work has focused on spectral aspects of vision and signals. Here, I review work on polarized light signals of animals and relate these to what is known of polarization visual systems, polarized light aspects of visual scenes, and polarizationrelated behavior （e.g., orientation, habitatfinding, contrast enhancement）. Other than the broad patterns of scattered polarized light in the sky, most po larization in both terrestrial and aquatic environments results from either reflection or scattering in the horizontal plane. With overhead illumination, horizontal features such as the surfaces of many leaves or of air： water interfaces reflect horizontal polarization, and water scatters horizontally polar ized light under most conditions. Several animal species have been demonstrated to use horizontally polarized light fields or features in critical aspects of their biology. Significantly, most biological sig nals are also horizontally polarized. Here, I present relevant polarizationrelated behavior and discuss the hypothesis that sensory drive has evolutionarily influenced the structure of polarization signals. The paper also considers the evolutionary origin of circular polarization vision and circularly polar ized signals. It appears that this class of signals did not evolve under the influence of sensory drive. The study of signals based on polarized light is becoming a mature field of research.

关键词： animal communication polarized light sensory drive vision visual signal

Design of double negativity elastic metamaterial

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2015年第1期6卷 61-72页

作者： Y.C.Su C.T.Sun School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue UniversityWest Lafay

A metamaterial model that possesses simultaneously negative effective mass density and negative effective Young’s modulus is proposed in this *** curves and dynamic responses of the model are *** the double negative frequency region,it is demonstrated that the phase velocity is *** addition,it was found that the band gap region of the metamaterial can be predicted accurately by taking parts of single-unit cell to analyze the steady-state *** design is also fabricated by a 3D printer.

关键词： acoustic metamaterial double negativity local resonance negative mass negative modulus

3D convolutional selective autoencoder for instability detection in combustion systems

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Energy and AI 2021年第2期4卷 80-90页

作者： Tryambak Gangopadhyay Vikram Ramanan Adedotun Akintayo Paige K Boor Soumalya Sarkar Satyanarayanan R Chakravarthy Soumik Sarkar Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA Indian Institute of Technology Madras ChennaiIndia Intel Corporation FolsomCAUSA Raytheon Technologies East HartfordCTUSA

While analytical solutions of critical(phase)transitions in dynamical systems are abundant for simple nonlinear systems,such analysis remains intractable for real-life dynamical systems.A key example is thermoacoustic insta-bility in combustion,where prediction or early detection of the onset of instability is a hard technical challenge,which needs to be addressed to build safer and more energy-efficient gas turbine engines powering aerospace and energy *** instabilities arising in combustion chambers of engines are mathematically too complex to *** address this issue in a data-driven manner instead,we propose a novel deep learning architecture called 3D convolutional selective autoencoder(3D-CSAE)to detect the evolution of self-excited oscillations using spatiotemporal data,i.e.,hi-speed videos taken from a swirl-stabilized combustor(laboratory surrogate of gas turbine engine combustor).3D-CSAE consists of filters to learn,in a hierarchical fashion,the complex visual and dynamic features related to combustion instability from the training videos(i.e.,two spatial dimensions for the image frames and the third dimension for time).We train the 3D-CSAE on frames of videos obtained from a limited set of operating *** select the 3D-CSAE hyper-parameters that are effective for characterizing hierarchical and multiscale instability structure evolution by utilizing the dynamic information available in the *** proposed model clearly shows performance improvement in detecting the precursors and the onset of *** machine learning-driven results are verified with physics-based off-line *** active control mechanisms can directly leverage the proposed online detection capability of 3D-CSAE to mitigate the adverse effects of combustion instabilities on the engine operating under various stringent requirements and conditions.

关键词： 3D deep learning Convolutional autoencoder Hi-speed video analytics Combustion instability Gas turbine engines Early detection Instability precursors Physics-based validation

Largely reduced cross-plane thermal conductivity of nanoporous In0.1Ga0.9N thin films directly grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 127-136页

作者： Dongchao XU Quan WANG Xuewang WU Jie ZHU Hongbo ZHAO Bo XIAO Xiaojia WANG Xiaoliang WANG Qing HAO Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering University of Arizona 1130 NMountain Ave Tucson AZ 85721 USA Key laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science Institute ofSemiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minnesota IllChurch St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

In recent year, nanoporous Si thin films have been widely studied for their potential applications in thermoelectrics, in which high thermoelectric performance can be obtained by combining both the dramatically reduced lattice thermal conductivity and bulk-like elec- trical properties. Along this line, a high thermoelectric figure of merit （ZT） is also anticipated for other nanoporous thin films, whose bulk counterparts possess superior electrical properties but also high lattice thermal conductivities. Numerous thermoelectric studies have been carried out on Si-based nanoporous thin fills, whereas cost-effective nitrides and oxides are not systematically studied for similar thermoelectric benefits. In this work, the cross-plane thermal conductivities of nanoporous ***.9N thin films with varied porous patterns were measured with the time-domain thermoreflectance techni- que. These alloys are suggested to have better electrical properties than conventional SixGel x alloys; however, a high ZT is hindered by their intrinsically high lattice thermal conductivity, which can be addressed by introdu- cing nanopores to scatter phonons. In contrast to previous studies using dry-etched nanopores with amorphous poreedges, the measured nanoporous thin films of this work are directly grown on a patterned sapphire substrate to minimize the structural damage by dry etching. This removes the uncertainty in the phonon transport analysis due to amorphous pore edges. Based on the measurement results, remarkable phonon size effects can be found for a thin film with periodic 300-nm-diameter pores of different patterns. This indicates that a significant amount of heat inside these alloys is still carried by phonons with -300 nm or longer mean flee paths. Our studies provide important guidance for ZT enhancement in alloys of nitrides and similar oxides.

关键词： nanoporous film thermoelectrics phonon,mean free path diffusive scattering

The lattice Boltzmann Peierls Callaway equation for mesoscopic thermal transport modeling

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2012年第1期3卷 47-63页

作者： Jonghoon Lee Sangwook Sihn Ajit K.Roy Barry L.Farmer Thermal Sciences and Materials Branch Materials and Manufacturing DirectorateAir Force Research LaboratoryWright Patterson Air Force BaseOhio 45433USA Universal Technology Corporation 1270 N.Fairfield Rd.DaytonOH 45432USA University of Dayton research Institute 300 College ParkDaytonOhio 45469USA Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research LaboratoryWright Patterson Air Force BaseOhio 45433USA

The lattice Boltzmann Peierls Callaway(LBPC)method is a recent development of the versatile lattice Boltzmann formalism aimed at a numerical experiment on mesoscale thermal transport in a multiphase phonon *** aspects of mesoscopic thermal trans-port are discussed:the finite phonon mean free path and the interface thermal *** on the phonon momentum screening length measured in the LBPC computa-tional apparatus,the validity of the Umklapp collision relaxation time in the Callaway collision operator is examined *** discrete nature of the spatio-temporal domain in the LBPC method,along with the linear approximation of the exponential screening mechanism in the Callaway operator,reveals a large discrepancy between the effective phonon mean free path and the analytic phonon mean free path when the relaxation time is *** link bounce back interface phonon collision rule is used to realize the interface thermal resistance between phonon gases with dissimilar dispersion *** with the Callaway collision operator for the bulk phonon dynam-ics,the interface phonon collision process is regarded as a linear relaxation mechanism toward the local pseudo-equilibrium phonon distribution uniquely defined by the energy conservation *** interface thermal resistance is linearly proportional to the relaxation time of the proposed phonon interface collision rule.

关键词： lattice Boltzmann method link bounce back collision rule Boltzmann Peierls equation phonon hydrodynamics Kapitza length interfacial thermal resistance