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Allelopathy of decomposed maize straw products on three soilborn diseases of wheat and the analysis by GC-MS

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 88-97页

作者： QI Yong-zhi ZHEN Wen-chao LI Hai-yan College of Plant Protection Agricultural University of Hebei

In northern China, the soil-born diseases of wheat have been getting more and more serious under a new farming system that returns maize straw to the field. In order to investigate the allelopathy of the decomposed maize straw products on three soil-born diseases of wheat, culture dish and pot experiments were conducted and the compounds in the products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Culture dish experiments showed that the mycelial growth, sclerotia formation amount and total weight of Rhizoctonia cerealis were promoted at concentrations of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 g mL-1 and inhibited at concentration of 0.48 g mL-1 of the decomposed products. No significant effects were found of the product concentrations on average weight of the sclerotia. Mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis was promoted at almost all concentrations except the highest one. Mycelial growth and spore germination of bipolaris sorokiniana were significantly inhibited by all concentrations of the decomposed products, with enhanced inhibition effects along with the increased concentrations. The length, number and dry weight of roots together with the root superoxide dismutase activity were promoted by the lowest concentration （0.03 g mL-1）, with a synthetic effect index of 0.012, and inhibited by other concentrations. The ion leakage of roots was increased and the root peroxidase activity of roots was lowered by all the treatments. Pot experiments revealed that occurrence of the sharp eyespot was reduced by 0.03 and 0.06 g mL-1 of decomposed products after irrigation. However, the incidence rates and disease indexes were significantly increased by 0.12, 0.24 and 0.48 g mL-1 of decomposed products. The results indicated that incidence rates and disease indexes of the take-all were significantly promoted after being irrigated with the decomposed products, while occurrences of the common rot didn＇t change, significantly. GC-MS results showed that the compounds of the d

关键词： wheat soil-born disease maize straw decomposed products allelopathy GC-MS

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Growth traits and nitrogen assimilation-associated physiological parameters of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) under low and high N conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1295-1308页

作者： ZHANG Fei-fei GAO Si ZHAO Yuan-yuan ZHAO Xiao-lei LIU Xiao-man XIAO Kai College of Agronomy Agricultural University of Hebei

In this study, 14 wheat cultivars with contrasting yield and N use efficiency （NUE） were used to investigate the agronomic and NUE-related traits, and the N assimilation-associated enzyme activities under low and high N conditions. Under deficient-N, the cultivars with high N uptake efficiency （UpE） and high N utilization efficiency （UtE） exhibited higher plant biomass, yields, and N contents than those with medium and low NUEs. The high UpE cultivars accumulated more N than other NUE type cultivars. Under sufficient-N, the tested cultivars showed similar patterns in biomass, yield, and N content to those under deficient-N, but the varietal variations in above traits were smaller. In addition, the high UpE cultivars displayed much more of root biomass and larger of root length, surface area, and volume than other NUE type cultivars, indicating that the root morphological traits under N deprivation are closely associated with the plant biomass through its improvement of the N acquisition. The high UtE cultivars showed higher activities of nitrate reductase （NR）, nitrite reductase （NIR）, and gluta- mine synthetase （GS） at stages of seediling, heading and filling than other NUE type cultivars under both low and high N conditions. Moreover, the high UpE and UtE cultivars also displayed higher photosynthetic rate under deficient-N than the medium and low NUE cultivars. Together, our results indicated that the tested wheat cultivars possess dramatically genetic variations in biomass, yield, and NUE. The root morphological traits and the N assimilation enzymatic acitivities play critical roles in regulating N accumulation and internal N translocation under the N-starvation stress, respectively. They can be used as morphological and biochemical references for evaluation of UpE and UtE in wheat.

关键词： wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) low and high N biomass yield nitrogen use efficiency root morphological traits,N assimilzation-associated enzyme photosynthetic rate

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Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2343-2359页

作者： LIU Xue-jing YIN bao-zhong HU Zhao-hui bAO Xiao-yuan WANG Yan-dong ZHEN Wen-chao College of Agronomy Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Baoding 071001P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province Baoding 071001P.R.China College of Life Science Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China

In order to identify the optimum period of spring water-restrictive irrigation for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)in the Haihe Plain,China and elucidate its effects on flag leaf senescence and yield formation,field experiments were conducted at the Xinji Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2016 to 2019 by using different irrigation regimes in spring,including the conventional regime involving two irrigation periods(control(CK),the 3-leaf unfolding stage and the anthesis stage)and a series of single,restrictive irrigation regimes(SRI)comprising irrigation at the 3-leaf unfolding stage(3 LI),4 LI,5 LI,and 6 *** are five major findings:(1)The senescence(determined by the green leaf area,GLA)in the 4 LI treatment occurred moderately earlier than that in CK,showed no significant difference with that in 5 LI and 6 LI,and occurred significantly later than that in 3 LI.(2)Compared with other SRI treatments,the GLA value and photosynthetic rate in 4 LI were 14.82 and 20.1%higher,*** analysis of flag leaf also revealed that the mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were irregularly arranged under drought stress in 3 LI and 6 LI;however,drought stress had minimal negative effects on the microstructure in 4 LI and 5 LI.(3)Postponed irrigation in spring could significantly increase superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities in the early stage of grain filling;however,these activities would subsequently *** the four SRI treatments,the overall enzyme activities were the highest in 4 LI,and the combined malondialdehyde(MDA)content in flag leaves in 4 LI and 5 LI was 14.5%lower on average than that in 3 LI and 6 LI.(4)The soluble sugar(SS)and proline(Pro)contents in 4 LI were the highest among the four SRI treatments;however,they were lower than those in *** abscisic acid(AbA)hormone content in 4 LI and 5 LI was lower than that in 3 LI and 6 LI,respectively,suggesting a smaller drought stress effect in 4 LI a

关键词： winter wheat restrictive irrigation flag leaf physiological response yield formation

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Growth,Cadmium and Zinc Accumulation of Ornamental Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Contaminated Soil with Different Amendments

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 631-639页

作者： HAO Xiu-Zhen ZHOU Dong-Mei LI Dan-Dan JIANG Ping Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008(China)

Use of ornamental plants for phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soil is a new option. A pot experiment was carried out to assess the effect of application of amendments, i.e., swine manure, salicylic acid （SA） and potassium chloride （KC1）, on the growth, uptake and translocation of cadmium （Cd） and zinc （Zn） of ornamental sunflower （Helianthus annuus L.） grown on a contaminated soil. The three amendments increased sunflower height, flower diameter, and biomass. Manure significantly decreased Cd and Zn concentrations in sunflower, and thus decreased the bioaccumulation coefficient （bCF） of Cd and Zn. However, using of KC1 markedly increased Cd concentrations in sunflower and the bCF of Cd. Additionally, both swine manure and KC1 application increased Cd and Zn translocation from root to aboveground part. Swine manure and salicylic acid reduced the Cd/Zn ratios in flower of sunflower, while KC1 significantly increased the Cd/Zn ratios. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the Cd/Zn ratio in the root of sunflower was affected by K/Na ratio in root and soil available potassium （K） concentration. Ornamental sunflower could be grown as an alternative plant in the Cd- and Zn-contaminated soil with KC1 application to get the balance between environmental and economic interests.

关键词： Cd/Zn ratio fertilizer heavy metals manure remediation

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多功能菌b1514在小麦根际的定殖及对纹枯病的防治作用

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植物保护学报 2014年第3期41卷 320-326页

作者：齐永志赵斌李海燕甄文超河北农业大学植物保护学院保定071001

为明确多功能菌b1514对小麦纹枯病的防治效果,采用紫外诱变和逐步提高诱导浓度法筛选获得抗性菌株,分析其在小麦根际和根内的定殖动态,通过盆栽和微区试验测定其对纹枯病的防治作用。结果表明,用发酵液浸种后b1514在小麦根际和根内定殖... 详细信息

为明确多功能菌b1514对小麦纹枯病的防治效果,采用紫外诱变和逐步提高诱导浓度法筛选获得抗性菌株,分析其在小麦根际和根内的定殖动态,通过盆栽和微区试验测定其对纹枯病的防治作用。结果表明,用发酵液浸种后b1514在小麦根际和根内定殖时间分别达49 d和28 d以上;添加玉米秸秆可延长其在根际和根内的定殖时间。b1514发酵液浸种对小麦纹枯病的盆栽防效低于对照药剂60 g/L戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂;土壤中添加秸秆能提高发酵液浸种处理的防效,可达85.3%,且与戊唑醇无显著差异。田间试验结果显示b1514浸种同时添加发酵物处理的持效期较长,在小麦成熟期防效优于戊唑醇,为55.2%;秸秆降解率也高于对照,为45.5%。表明b1514有加速玉米秸秆降解和防治小麦纹枯病的作用。

关键词：拮抗菌小麦纹枯病抗药性标记秸秆降解定殖

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河北省小麦纹枯病菌群体组成及致病力分化

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植物保护学报 2015年第4期42卷 497-503页

作者：李海燕齐永志甄文超河北农业大学植物保护学院保定071001 河北省作物生长调控重点实验室保定071001

为明确河北省小麦纹枯病发生特点及病菌特征,采用五点取样法调查该病的发生情况,通过细胞核染色、菌丝融合反应和r DNA-ITS序列分析测定196株纹枯病菌群体组成,并比较其对不同小麦品种的致病力差异。结果表明,河北省3个不同生态类型麦... 详细信息

为明确河北省小麦纹枯病发生特点及病菌特征,采用五点取样法调查该病的发生情况,通过细胞核染色、菌丝融合反应和r DNA-ITS序列分析测定196株纹枯病菌群体组成,并比较其对不同小麦品种的致病力差异。结果表明,河北省3个不同生态类型麦区30个监测点均有纹枯病发生,临漳县发病最重,其次是邯郸县和馆陶县,青县发病最轻;纹枯病菌可划分为AG-D、AG-b(0)、AGI、AG-4和AG-5共5种融合群,分别占菌株总数的88.3%、1.5%、5.1%、3.6%和1.5%;采自黑龙港平原区和山前平原区的纹枯病菌对石新828、良星99和邯6172的平均致病力均明显强于冀东平原区;菌株可划分为极强、强、中等和弱4个致病类型,分别占菌株总数的45.92%、33.67%、7.65%和12.76%。表明河北省小麦纹枯病发生普遍,总体呈南重北轻的趋势,纹枯病菌群体组成较简单,以强致病力AG-D融合群为主。

关键词：小麦纹枯病禾谷丝核菌立枯丝核菌群体组成致病力

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海河低平原深松播种对夏玉米根系生理的影响及其节水增产效应

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作物学报 2015年第4期41卷 623-632页

作者：尹宝重甄文超冯悦河北农业大学植物保护学院/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室河北保定071001 河北省信息工程学校河北保定071001

于2012-2013年在河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所深州试验站，以郑单958为供试品种，设置夏玉米深松播种和免耕播种两个处理，从玉米出苗开始，根据生育进程定期观察玉米根系形态、生理指标及微观结构、玉米冠层光合特性和叶面积指数，... 详细信息

于2012-2013年在河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所深州试验站，以郑单958为供试品种，设置夏玉米深松播种和免耕播种两个处理，从玉米出苗开始，根据生育进程定期观察玉米根系形态、生理指标及微观结构、玉米冠层光合特性和叶面积指数，成熟期测定产量，计算水分利用效率和2m土体水分储蓄情况。结果表明，0～60cm土层，深松播种处理可提高玉米根系干物质积累、表面积、根长和活跃吸收面积比例，全生育期分别比免耕播种处理提高30．5％、24．6％、29．7％和56．3％。0～60cm土层，深松播种处理玉米根系脯氨酸含量、硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力分别比免耕处理高140．0％、37．0％和36．5％。全生育期，深松播种处理根系伤流液总量比免耕播种处理提高15．2％。0～40cm土层，深松播种处理单根和整株根系导水率分别提高15．8％和17．0％。0～40cm土层，深松播种处理玉米根系中柱导管直径增大，中柱鞘细胞壁及中柱内薄壁细胞的细胞壁增厚栓化，髓细胞数量增多但整体在髓腔横切面积中所占比例偏小，后生木质部导管直径增大、数量增多，皮层厚度降低；O～20cm土层，深松播种处理根系皮层中部细胞虽也较大但层数较少，相当于免耕处理的86．2％。深松播种处理可提高玉米叶面积指数，全生育期平均比免耕处理高12．5％：深松播种处理还可提高叶片光合速率和光合势。深松播种处理玉米籽粒灌浆速率全生育期平均比免耕播种处理高5．0％。与免耕处理相比，深松播种处理2年平均穗粒数、千粒重和产量分别比免耕播种处理提高2．4％、3．9％和8．2％，耗水量降低9．1％，产量和水分利用效率分别比免耕处理高8．2％和14．4％，2m土体贮水量提高31．7％。

关键词：海河低平原深松播种夏玉米根系生理生态节水增产效应

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小麦纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性及抗药性突变体的主要生物学性状

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农药学学报 2014年第3期16卷 271-280页

作者：齐永志李海燕苏媛甄文超河北农业大学植物保护学院河北保定071001

采用菌丝生长速率法，分别测定了采自河北、山东和河南未使用过酰胺类药剂地区的166株小麦纹枯病菌Rhizotonia cerealis Van der Hoeven对噻呋酰胺的敏感性，并对小麦纹枯病菌抗噻呋酰胺突变体的诱导方法及突变体的主要生物学性状进行... 详细信息

采用菌丝生长速率法，分别测定了采自河北、山东和河南未使用过酰胺类药剂地区的166株小麦纹枯病菌Rhizotonia cerealis Van der Hoeven对噻呋酰胺的敏感性，并对小麦纹枯病菌抗噻呋酰胺突变体的诱导方法及突变体的主要生物学性状进行了研究。结果表明：噻呋酰胺对166株小麦纹枯病菌的平均EC50值为（0.072±0.022）μg/mL，菌株频率呈连续单峰曲线分布，未发现敏感性明显下降的亚群体，因此可将该EC50值作为小麦纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感基线。通过紫外诱导加菌落角变的方法获得了5株抗噻呋酰胺突变体，其抗药性水平介于5.5～18.9倍之间；药剂驯化未能获得抗药性突变体。突变体在PSA平板上的生长速率与亲本菌株无显著性差异，但其菌丝干重、菌核形成数量和菌核干重均明显低于亲本菌株；除突变体HD7-7 U对石新828的致病力未发生明显变化外，其他突变体对石新828和良星99的致病力均明显减弱；5株突变体的抗药性均不能稳定遗传；噻呋酰胺与戊唑醇、井冈霉素、咯菌腈、三唑酮、丙环唑和多菌灵之间无交互抗性关系。

关键词：小麦纹枯病菌噻呋酰胺敏感性抗药性突变体生物学性状

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不同养分增效剂对玉米产量和养分利用的影响

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河北农业大学学报 2016年第6期39卷 1-6,12页

作者：王玉王玲莉王平臧新伟房娜娜孙志梅石元亮河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院河北保定071001 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所辽宁沈阳110016 河北省土壤肥料总站河北石家庄050021 保定市气象局河北保定071000

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同养分增效剂(机械活化磷、长效复合肥添加剂NAM、聚合氨基酸类肥料增效剂PAA)对玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响,旨在为提高氮磷肥利用效率,实现玉米的高产高效生产提供科学依据。结果表明:与NPK(常规施肥... 详细信息

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同养分增效剂(机械活化磷、长效复合肥添加剂NAM、聚合氨基酸类肥料增效剂PAA)对玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响,旨在为提高氮磷肥利用效率,实现玉米的高产高效生产提供科学依据。结果表明:与NPK(常规施肥)处理相比,添加20%机械活化磷的NPK1、添加30%机械活化磷的NPK2、添加NAM的NPK3以及添加PAA的NPK4,干物质累积量分别提高了7.52%,10.59%,6.78%和14.54%,产量也表现出了增加的趋势,尤以NPK3增产效应最为明显,提高了11.83%。此外,养分增效剂的添加还显著促进了玉米植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,与没有使用增效剂的NPK处理相比,4个处理植株的氮累积量分别提高了6.94%,6.54%,2.82%和9.71%;磷累积量分别提高了10.15%,14.23%,9.18%和14.12%;钾累积量分别提高了13.08%,24.42%,20.22%和34.45%。氮肥利用率以NPK4最高,达42.4%,磷肥利用率以NPK2最高,为25.0%;氮肥和磷肥的农学效率和收获指数则均以NPK3最高。此结果说明,在生产实践中,PAA的添加更有利于促进玉米植株对氮的吸收累积;30%机械活化磷的添加更有利于磷养分的活化,提高磷肥利用效率;而NAM施用后的增产效果最为突出,更有利于养分向籽粒中转移,提高养分的生产效率。

关键词：养分增效剂玉米产量肥料利用率

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Genetic parameters for somatic cell score and production traits in the fi rst three lactations of Chinese Holstein cows

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第1期14卷 125-130页

作者： ZHAO Fu-ping GUO Gang WANG Ya-chun GUO Xiang-yu ZHANG Yuan DU Li-xin National Center for Molecular Genetics and breeding of Animal Institute of Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences beijing Sanyuan Dairy Cattle breeding Center College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of lactation average somatic cell scores （LSCS） and examine genetic associations between LSCS and production traits in the first three lactations of Chinese Holstein cows using single-parity multi-trait animal model and multi-trait repeatability animal model. There were totally 273605 lactation records of Chinese Holstein cows with first calving from 2001 to 2012. Heritability estimates for LSCS ranged from 0.144 to 0.187. Genetic correlations between LSCS and 305 days milk, protein percentage and fat percentage were -0.079, -0.082 and -0.135, respectively. Phenotypic correlation between LSCS and 305 days milk yield was negative （-0.103 to -0.190）. Genetic correlation between 305 days milk and fat percentage or protein percentage was highly negative. Genetic correlation between milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage was highly favorable. Heritabilities of production traits decreased with increase of parity, whereas heritability of LSCS increased with increase of parity.

关键词： somatic cell score genetic parameters Chinese Holstein single-parity multi-trait animal model multi-traitrepeatability animal model

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