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SOC storage and potential of grasslands from 2000 to 2012 in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2016年第3期8卷 364-374页

作者： TIAN Zheng WU Xiuqin DAI Erfu ZHAO Dongsheng Yanchi Research Station College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grassland ecosystem is an important component of the terrestrial carbon cycle system. Clear comprehension of soil organic carbon（SOC） storage and potential of grasslands is very important for the effective management of grassland ecosystems. Grasslands in Inner Mongolia have undergone evident impacts from human activities and natural factors in recent decades. To explore the changes of carbon sequestration capacity of grasslands from 2000 to 2012, we carried out studies on the estimation of SOC storage and potential of grasslands in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, China based on field investigations and MODIS image data. First, we calculated vegetation cover using the dimidiate pixel model based on MODIS-EVI images. Following field investigations of aboveground biomass and plant height, we used a grassland quality evaluation model to get the grassland evaluation index, which is typically used to represent grassland quality. Second, a correlation regression model was established between grassland evaluation index and SOC density. Finally, by this regression model, we calculated the SOC storage and potential of the studied grasslands. Results indicated that SOC storage increased with fluctuations in the study area, and the annual changes varied among different sub-regions. The SOC storage of grasslands in 2012 increased by 0.51×1012 kg C compared to that in 2000. The average carbon sequestration rate was 0.04×1012 kg C/a. The slope of the values of SOC storage showed that SOC storage exhibited an overall increase since 2000, particularly for the grasslands of Hulun Buir city and Xilin Gol League, where the typical grassland type was mainly distributed. Taking the SOC storage under the best grassland quality between 2000 and 2012 as a reference, this study predicted that the SOC potential of grasslands in central and eastern Inner Mongolia in 2012 is 1.38×1012 kg C. This study will contribute to researches on related methods and fundamental database, as well as pro

关键词： vegetation cover soil organic carbon potential soil organic carbon storage carbon sequestration MODIS data

Analysis of China's Haze Days in the Winter Half-Year and the Climatic Background during 1961–2012

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2014年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： SONG Lian-Chun GAO Rong LI Ying WANG Guo-Fu National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Laboratory for Climate Studies China Meteorological Administration

The characteristics of haze days and the climatic background are analyzed by using daily observations of haze,precipitation,mean and maximum wind speed of 664 meteorological stations for the period of 1961–*** results show that haze days occur significantly more often in eastern China than in western *** annual number of haze days is 5–30 d in most parts of central-eastern China,with some areas experiencing more than 30 d,while less than 5 d are averagely occurring in western *** days are mainly concentrated in the winter half-year,with most in winter,followed by autumn,spring,and then *** 20%of annual haze days are experienced in *** haze days in central-eastern China in the winter half-year have a significant increasing trend of 1.7 d per decade during 1961–*** were great increases in haze days in the 1960s,1970s and the beginning of the 21st *** was also significant abrupt changes of haze days in the early 1970s and *** 1961 to 2012,haze days in the winter half-year increased in South China,the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and North China,but decreased in Northeast China,eastern Northwest China and eastern Southwest *** number of persistent haze is *** Longer the haze,the greater the proportion to the number persistent *** climatic conditions exacerbated the occurrence of *** correlation coefficient between haze days and precipitation days in the winter half-year is mainly negative in central-eastern *** precipitation days show a decreasing trend in most parts of China,with a rate of around–4.0 d per decade in central-eastern China,which reduces the sedimentation capacity of atmospheric *** the period of 1961–2012,the correlation coefficients between haze days and mean wind speed and strong wind days are mainly negative in central-eastern China,while there exists positive correlation between haze days and breeze days in the winter ***

关键词： haze winter half-year precipitation days wind speed

Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第5期34卷 29-38页

作者： WU Xiaofen LIU Zenghong LIAO Guanghong WU Lingjuan State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administration

Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content （OHC） is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer （0-750 m） OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean （40°S-40°N, 30°E-80°W）. Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001-2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001-2007, there was subsurface cooling （freshening） nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming （salting） in the eastern Pacific. During 2008-2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling （upper 150 m only） and freshening （almost the entire upper 400 m） during 2001-2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008-2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics （about 20°N/S） in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001-2012, in turn modifying OHC.

关键词： ocean heat content temperature and salinity profiles wind forcing Argo Indo-Pacific Ocean

Estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Hebei province,2012

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2016年第3期28卷 286-300页

作者： Yutong He Di Liang Daojuan Li Jingbo Zhai Junqing Zhu Jing Jin Denggui Wen Baoen Shan Cancer Institute the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University/the Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang 050011 China Disease Control and Prevention Office Health and Family Planning Commission of Hebei Shijiazhuang 050011 china Non-communicable disease Institute Hebei Provincial Center of Disease Control and Prevention Shijiazhuang 050011 China

Objective： This study estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and cancer deaths in Hebei province using incidence and mortality data from 9 population-based cancer registries in 2012. Methods： The data of new diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths in 2012 were collected from 9 population-based cancer registries of Hebei province in 2015. All the data met the National Central Cancer Registry of China （NCCR） criteria of data quality. The pooled data analysis was stratified by areas （urban/ rural）, gender, age group （0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14 85＋） and cancer type. New cancer cases and deaths in Hebei province were estimated using age-specific rates and corresponding provincial population in 2012. The 10 most common cancers in different groups and the cumulative rates were calculated. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi＇s population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results： All cancer registries covered 4,986,847 populations, 6.84% of Hebei provincial population （2,098,547 in urban and 2,888,300 in rural areas）. The percentage of cases morphologically verified （MV%） and death certificate-only cases （DCO%） were 76.40% and 4.72%, respectively. The mortality to incidence rate ratio （M/I） was 0.64. In 2012, it is estimated that there were about 187,900 new diagnosed cancer cases and 119,800 cancer deaths in Hebei province. The incidence rate of cancer was 258.12/100,000 （275.75/100,000 in males, 239.78/100,000 in females）, and the age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population （ASIRC） and by world standard population （ASIRW） were 210.65/100,000 and 208.50/100,000, with the cumulative incidence rates （0-74 years old） of 24.46%. The cancer incidence and ASIRC were 256.99/100,000 and 211.32/100,000 in urban areas and 258.94/100,000 and 209.99/100,000 in rural areas, respectively. The cancer mortality rate was 164.63/100,000 （201.85/100,000 in males, 125.92/100,000 in females）. Age- standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard p

关键词： Cancer registry cancer incidence mortality Hebei province

Focal Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 2012 M_w 7.0 Santa Isabel, Mexico Earthquake Inverted by Teleseismic Data

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第3期26卷 384-390页

作者： Chengli Liu Yong Zheng Xiong Xiong State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamic Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The point source parameters of the April 12, 2012 Mw 7.0 Santa Isabel, Mexico, earthquake indicated by teleseismic P and SH waveforms obtained by a means of traditional cut and paste（CAP） method show that the best double-couple solution of this event is： 37°/127°, 90°/81° and-9°/-180° for strike, dip and rake, respectively. Its centroid depth is 13 km. Global teleseismic waveform data exhibit that the rupture of the earthquake initiated at a focal depth of 13 km and propagated southeastward with a relatively slow rupture velocity（about 1.8 km/s on average）. The maximum slip occurred at 30 km southeast of the hypocenter, with the peak slip of 3.57 m and total seismic moment of whole fault up to 3.98×1019 N·m. These observations provide some insight into properties, co- or post-seismic deformation and coulomb stress changes of future earthquake in this area.

关键词： Mexico Earthquake rupture velocity focal mechanism slip history

2012--2014年江苏省儿童肠道病毒71型血清流行病学特征分析

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中华预防医学杂志 2015年第12期49卷 1047-1051页

作者：周洋李靖欣孟繁岳胡月梅金鹏飞张雪峰朱凤才东南大学公共卫生学院南京210009 江苏省疾病预防控制中心疫苗临床评价所南京医科大学公共卫生学院江苏省疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所

目的分析2012--2014年江苏省6—35月龄儿童肠道病毒71型（EV．A71）中和抗体变化规律及在不同人群中的分布特征。方法2012年3月至2014年3月，以江苏省赣榆县、射阳县、东海县、宝应县、邳州市和泰兴市为研究现场，依托现场建立的肠道病... 详细信息

目的分析2012--2014年江苏省6—35月龄儿童肠道病毒71型（EV．A71）中和抗体变化规律及在不同人群中的分布特征。方法2012年3月至2014年3月，以江苏省赣榆县、射阳县、东海县、宝应县、邳州市和泰兴市为研究现场，依托现场建立的肠道病毒监测系统，结合监护人主动报告和被动就医的方式，对该期间入组的1276名6～35月龄安慰剂组研究对象进行基线时、随访第1年和第2年定期血清学随访，对发现疑似肠道病毒感染所致疾病患者，采集标本进行Ev-A71病原学确诊。采用χ2检验、χ2趋势检验或方差分析分别比较不同特征调查对象EV-A71中和抗体阳性率和抗体几何平均滴度（GMT）水平的差异。结果2年随访中，EV—A71中和抗体阳性率随着年龄增加而升高（χ2趋势值分别为39．33、56．41和32．25，P值均〈0．001），基线时、随访第1年和第2年分别为22．57％（288／1276）、37．72％（444／1177）和42．84％（422／985）；基线时、随访第1年和第2年GMT水平分别为9．95、15．37和24．05（F值分别为22．90、46．36和41．58，P值均〈0．001）。2年间，Ev—A71年新发感染率分别为13．47％（158／1173）和20．73％（192／926），其中，319例基线时月龄为24～35的儿童2年间新发感染率较高，基线时至随访第1年为17．87％（57例），随访第1年至第2年为27．20％（65例）；EV—A71中和抗体年衰减率分别为2．81％（33／1173）和8．10％（75／926）。结论2012--2014年，江苏省儿童EV—A71中和抗体阳性率和GMT水平随着年龄增长而上升；3--4岁儿童Ev—A71新发感染率较高；自然感染后所诱导的EV—A71中和抗体水平可至少维持2年。

关键词：肠道病毒属中和,抗体血清流行病学队列研究

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2012-2014年杭州西溪国家湿地公园血吸虫病监测

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中国血吸虫病防治杂志 2015年第5期27卷 497-499,516页

作者：章华米胡小炜金国农张丛笑刘瑛娜浙江省杭州市西湖区疾病预防控制中心杭州310013

目的了解杭州西溪国家湿地公园(西溪湿地)血吸虫病疫情动态和流行现状。方法根据《浙江省血吸虫病监测点监测方案》要求,2012-2014年对西溪湿地螺情、周边常住居民、流动人口感染状况等进行监测。结果 2012-2014年西溪湿地公园累计查螺1... 详细信息

目的了解杭州西溪国家湿地公园(西溪湿地)血吸虫病疫情动态和流行现状。方法根据《浙江省血吸虫病监测点监测方案》要求,2012-2014年对西溪湿地螺情、周边常住居民、流动人口感染状况等进行监测。结果 2012-2014年西溪湿地公园累计查螺12.31 hm2,监测外来植物75 379株,植被4 965 m2,均未发现钉螺。常住居民血检阳性率为0.71%(5/706),流动人员血检阳性率为1.36%(25/1 834),2014年发现1例输入性慢性血吸虫病病例。2013年开展流动人口感染状况和血防知信行专题调查,共调查3 006人,血检阳性率为0.63%(19/3 006);流行区组和非流行区组各调查1 503人,其血检阳性率分别为1.00%(15/1 503)和0.27%(4/1 503),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.41,P<0.05);血检阳性者粪检均为阴性;流动人口对《血吸虫病防治条例》及钉螺相关知识的知晓率均较低。外来钉螺室内模拟存活试验显示,观察3个月和6个月时钉螺存活率分别为58.33%和1.25%。结论西溪湿地适宜钉螺孳生繁殖,当地流动人口中的输入性血吸虫病病例对该地疫情构成了严重威胁。今后应加强钉螺、流动人口监测及健康教育等工作。

关键词：血吸虫病钉螺监测流动人口感染输入性病例西溪湿地杭州

Wind speed change regionalization in China(1961-2012)

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2015年第2期6卷 151-158页

作者： SHI Pei-Jun ZHANG Gang-Feng KONG Feng YE Qian State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University

This research quantitatively recognized the wind speed change using wind speed trend and trend of wind speed variability from 1961 to 2012 and regionalized the wind speed change on a county-level *** mean wind speed observation data and linear fitting method were *** findings suggested that level-I regionalization includes six zones according to wind speed trend value in different regions,*** ChinaeNorth China substantial declining zone,EasteCentral China declining zone,Southeast China slightly declining zone,Southwest China very slightly declining zone,Northwest China declining zone,and QinghaieTibetan Plateau slightly declining ***-II regionalization divides China into twelve regions based on trend of wind speed variability and the level-I regionalization results.

关键词： Wind speed trend Regionalization Wind speed variab

2008年和2012年冬季欧洲气候的差异及成因

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地球物理学报 2014年第3期57卷 727-737页

作者：韩哲李双林李琛孙捷中国科学院大气物理研究所东亚区域气候-环境重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大气物理研究所竺可桢-南森国际研究中心北京100029 成都信息工程学院大气科学学院成都610225 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室北京100081

2008年冬季(1月和2月)和2012年冬季均发生了较强的拉尼娜事件,但欧洲气候,尤其是西欧在这两年差异较大,2008年异常偏暖,而2012年却出现了极寒事件.诊断表明,大气环流异常是造成气候差异的直接原因.2008年冬季,北大西洋上空大气环流异常... 详细信息

2008年冬季(1月和2月)和2012年冬季均发生了较强的拉尼娜事件,但欧洲气候,尤其是西欧在这两年差异较大,2008年异常偏暖,而2012年却出现了极寒事件.诊断表明,大气环流异常是造成气候差异的直接原因.2008年冬季,北大西洋上空大气环流异常呈正位相的北大西洋涛动,有利于欧洲异常偏暖;2012年冬季,北大西洋和欧亚高纬阻塞的长期维持是西欧发生极端严寒的重要原因.通过数值试验,研究了前期海表热状况异常对大气的影响.结果表明:北大西洋海温异常能在一定程度上解释这两年欧洲各自的气候异常;尽管热带海温异常对2012年冬季的北大西洋环流形势和欧洲气候异常起一定的贡献,但不能解释2008年的情形;靠近欧洲的北极海冰异常偏少使得欧洲气候偏冷,对2008年的偏暖气候贡献为负,对2012年则有正贡献.

关键词：欧洲气候北大西洋涛动阻塞海温海冰