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Quality Control and Analysis of Global Gauge-Based Daily Precipitation Dataset from 1980 to 2009

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2012年第1期3卷 45-53页

作者： NIE Su-Ping LUO Yong LI Wei-Ping WU Tong-Wen SHI Xue-Li WANG Zai-Zhi Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

A series of quality control(QC) procedures were performed on a gauge-based global daily precipitation dataset from the Global Telecommunication System(GTS) for the period 1980-2009.A new global daily precipitation(NGDP) dataset was constructed by applying those QC procedures to eliminate erroneous *** NGDP dataset was evaluated using the NOAA Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation(CMAP) and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) precipitation *** results showed that the frequency distribution and spatial distribution pattern of NGDP had a nice match with those from the CMAP and GPCP *** global mean correlation coefficients with the CMAP and GPCP data increased from 0.24 for original GTS precipitation data to about 0.70 for NGDP ***,the root mean square errors(RMSE) decreased from 12 mm per day to 1 mm per *** interannual variabilities of NGDP monthly precipitation are consistent with the CMAP and GPCP datasets in ***,the seasonal variabilities for most land areas on the Earth of NGDP dataset are also consistent with the CMAP and GPCP precipitation products.

关键词： global surface weather report data GTS data daily precipitation quality control

Effect of Aluminum Hydroxide Adjuvant on the Immunogenicity of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Vaccine:Multi-level Modeling of Data with Repeated Measures

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2011年第6期24卷 624-629页

作者： YIN Da Peng ZHU Bao Ping WANG Hua Qing CAO Lei WU Wen Di JIANG Ke Yu XIA Wei ZHANG Guo Min ZHENG Jing Shan CAO Ling Sheng LIANG Xiao Feng Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program Beijing 100050 China

Objective To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide （Al-OH） adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 （pH1N1） vaccine. Methods In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 ug hemagglutinin antigen, with or without aluminum hydroxide （N-OH）. We classified the participants into six age categories （〉61 years, 41-60 years, 19-40 years, 13-18 years, 8-12 years, and 3-7 years） and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0, 21, 35, and 42 following the first dose of immunization. We assessed vaccine immunogenicity by measuring the geometric mean titer （GMT） of hemagglutination inhibiting antibody. We used a two-level model to evaluate the fixed effect of aluminum Al-OH and other factors, accounting for repeated measures. Results The predictions of repeated measurement on GMTs of formulations with or without Al-OH, were 80.35 and 112.72, respectively. Al-OH significantly reduced immunogenicity after controlling for time post immunization, age-group and gender. Conclusion The Al-OH adjuvant does not increase but actually reduces the immunogenicity of the split-virion pH1N1 vaccine.

关键词： Aluminum hydroxide Adjuvant Immunogenicity 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine Multi-level model

The 2009 pandemic A/Wenshan/01/2009 H1N1 induces apoptotic cell death in human airway epithelial cells

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第4期3卷 221-229页

作者： Ning Yang Xiaoxu Hong Penghui Yang Xiangwu Ju Yuguo Wang Jun Tang Chenggang Li Quanshui Fan Fuqiang Zhang Zhongwei Chen Li Xing Zhongpeng Zhao Xiao Gao Guoyang Liao Qihan Li Xiliang Wang Dangsheng Li Chengyu Jiang State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology Institute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeTsinghua UniversityChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China Department of Viral Immunology Institute of Medical BiologyChinese Academy of Medicine SciencePeking Union Medical CollegeKunming 650118China State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity Beijing Institute of Microbiology and EpidemiologyBeijing 100071China Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Cheng Du Military RegionKunming 650032China Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China

In 2009,a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus emerged in Mexico and quickly spread to other countries,including *** 2009 pandemic H1N1 can cause human respiratory disease,but its pathogenesis remains poorly ***,we studied the infection and pathogenesis of a new 2009 pandemic strain,A/Wenshan/01/2009 H1N1,in China in human airway epithelial cell lines compared with contemporary seasonal H1N1 influenza *** results showed that viral infection by the A/Wenshan H1N1 induced significant apoptotic cell death in both the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z and the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line *** A/Wenshan H1N1 virus enters both of these cell types more efficiently than the seasonal influenza *** entry in both cell lines was shown to be mediated by clathrin-and dynamin-dependent ***,we discovered that the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain,A/Wenshan/01/2009,can induce apoptotic cell death in epithelial cells of the human respiratory tract,suggesting a molecular pathogenesis for the 2009 pandemic H1N1.

关键词： apoptosis respiratory S-OIV H1N1 influenza virus

Introspection on improper seismic retrofit of Basilica Santa Maria di Collemaggio after 2009 Italian earthquake

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第1期10卷 153-161页

作者： Gian Paolo Cimellaro Andrei M. Reinhorn Alessandro De Stefano Department of Structural & Geotechnical Engineering (DISTR) Politecnico di Torino Department of Civil Structural & Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo The State University of New York

The 2009 L’Aquila, Italy earthquake highlighted the seismic vulnerability of historic masonry building structures due to improper ＂strengthening＂ retrofit work that has been done in the last 50 years. Italian seismic standards recommend the use of traditional reinforcement techniques such as replacing the original wooden roof structure with new reinforced concrete （RC） or steel elements, inserting RC tie-beams in the masonry and new RC floors, and using RC jacketing on the shear walls. The L’Aquila earthquake revealed the numerous limitations of these interventions, because they led to increased seismic forces （due to greater additional weight） and to deformation incompatibilities of the incorporated elements with the existing masonry walls. This paper provides a discussion of technical issues pertaining to the seismic retrofit of the Santa Maria di Collemaggio Basilica and in particular, the limitations of the last （2000） retrofit intervention. Considerable damage was caused to the church because of questionable actions and incorrect and improper technical choices.

关键词： seismic vulnerability historic masonry building wooden roof structure seismic retrofit L’Aquila earthquake

A dinoflagellate Cochlodinium geminatum bloom in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary in autumn 2009

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第3期30卷 371-378页

作者：柯志新黄良民谭烨辉宋星宇 Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resource Sustainable Utilization South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

A severe Cochlodinium geminatum red tide (>300 km2) was observed in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary, South China Sea in autumn 2009. We evaluated the environmental conditions and phytoplankton community structure during the outbreak. The red tide water mass had significantly higher dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP), ammonia, and temperature, but significantly lower nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), and DIN/DIP relative to the non-red-tide zones. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by dinoflagellates and diatoms during the red tide. C. geminatum was the most abundant species, with a peak density of 4.13×107 cell/L, accounting for >65% of the total phytoplankton density. The DIN/DIP ratio was the most important predictor of species, accounting for 12.45% of the total variation in the phytoplankton community. Heavy phosphorus loading, low precipitation, and severe saline intrusion were likely responsible for the bloom of C. geminatum.

关键词： red tides nutrients phytoplankton composition eutrophication Zhujiang (Pearl) River estuary

SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE RESPONSE TO TYPHOON MORAKOT(2009) AND ITS INFLUENCE

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2015年第2期21卷 111-120页

作者：赖巧珍吴立广谢钟灵 Longyan Meteorological Office of Fujian Province Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education UMBC/Goddard Earth and Sciences Technology Center NASA Goddard Flight Center

While previous studies indicate that typhoons can decrease sea surface temperature(SST) along their tracks, a few studies suggest that the cooling patterns in coastal areas are different from those in the open sea. However, little is known about how the induced cooling coupled with the complex ocean circulation in the coastal areas can affect tropical cyclone track and intensity. The sea surface responses to the land falling process of Typhoon Morakot(2009) are examined observationally and its influences on the activity of the typhoon are numerically simulated with the WRF model. The present study shows that the maximum SST cooling associated with Morakot occurred on the left-hand side of the typhoon track during its landfall. Numerical simulations show that, together with the SST gradients associated with the coastal upwelling and mesoscale oceanic vortices, the resulting SST cooling can cause significant difference in the typhoon track, comparable to the current 24-hour track forecasting error. It is strongly suggested that it is essential to include the non-uniform SST distribution in the coastal areas for further improvement in typhoon track forecast.

关键词： sea surface temperature typhoon ocean response typhoon track forecast

Root growth in response to nitrogen supply in Chinese maize hybrids released between 1973 and 2009

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2011年第7期54卷 642-650页

作者： WU QiuPing CHEN FanJun CHEN YanLing YUAN LiXing ZHANG FuSuo MI GuoHua Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction MOE College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Root growth has a fundamental role in nitrogen （N） use efficiency. Nevertheless, little is known about how modem breeding progress has affected root growth and its responses to N supply. The root and shoot growth of a core set of 11 representative Chinese maize （Zea mays L.） hybrids released between 1973 and 2009 were investigated under high N （4 mmol L^-1, HN） and low N （0.04 mmol L^-1, LN） levels in a solution culture system. Compared with LN, HN treatment decreased root dry weight （RDW）, the root： shoot ratio （R/S）, and the relative growth rate for root dry weight （RGRroot）, but increased the total root length （TRL） and the total lateral root length （LRL）. The total axial root length （ARL） per plant was reduced under HN, mostly in hybrids released before the 1990s. The number of seminal roots （SRN） was largely unaffected by different N levels. More recently released hybrids showed higher relative growth rates in the shoot under both HN and LN. However, the roots only showed increased RGR under HN treatment. Correspondingly, there was a positive linear relationship with the year of hybrid release for TRL, LRL and ARL under HN treatment. Together, these results suggest that while shoot growth of maize has improved, its root growth has only improved under high N conditions over the last 36 years of selective breeding in China. Improving root growth under LN conditions may be necessary to increase the N use efficiency of maize.

关键词： Root R/S ratio nitrogen relative growth rate maize breeding

2007-2009年甘肃省碘缺乏病高危地区碘缺乏病防治现状调查

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中国地方病学杂志 2011年第6期30卷 655-659页

作者：王燕玲格鹏飞窦瑜贵朱小南席进孝孙玮郑菁甘肃省疾病预防控制中心碘缺乏病防治科兰州730020

目的掌握甘肃省碘缺乏病高危地区碘缺乏病防治现状，为制订碘缺乏病的防治策略提供依据。方法2007—2009年选择12个碘缺乏病高危县，在全县范围内搜索所有1997年1月1日以后出生的疑似克汀病患者。在每个县抽取3个乡，在每个乡抽取2个村... 详细信息

目的掌握甘肃省碘缺乏病高危地区碘缺乏病防治现状，为制订碘缺乏病的防治策略提供依据。方法2007—2009年选择12个碘缺乏病高危县，在全县范围内搜索所有1997年1月1日以后出生的疑似克汀病患者。在每个县抽取3个乡，在每个乡抽取2个村，在每个村小学，选择40名8-10岁儿童进行甲状腺检查、尿碘测定、智商测查；每个村选择30名育龄妇女进行尿碘测定，并对其家中食盐进行半定量检测，同时对当地碘盐相关情况进行调查。结果12个县中，共搜索到120例疑似克汀病患者，确诊7例。儿童甲状腺B超肿大率为6．8％（290／4281），夏河县、临潭县、卓尼县、舟曲县和东乡县的肿大率均〉5．0％，其中夏河县、临潭县和东乡县均〉10．0％。儿童平均智商为82138。儿童尿碘中位数为180．34μg／L，尿碘〈50．00μg／L的比例为11．0％（482／4383）。育龄妇女尿碘中位数为175．91μg／L，尿碘〈50μg／L的比例为16．5％（126／762）。其中夏河县、东乡县育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为95．24μg／L和66．30μg／L。12个县中有8个县的碘盐覆盖率在95．0％以上，其余4个县的碘盐碘盐覆盖率均〈85％，其中广河县和东乡县的碘盐覆盖率仅为39．2％（47／120）和66．7％（120／180）。14．9％（206／1380）的群众认为购买碘盐不方便；87．7％（1210／1380）认为目前的碘盐价格超出可接受的范围；29．9％（413／1380）的家庭主妇知道预防缺碘的方法。结论影响碘缺乏病高危地区防治的因素广泛存在，应加强碘缺乏病高危地区监测，适时采取有效措施，确保重点人群充足的碘营养。同时还应加强以碘盐为主的综合防治措施的落实，建立碘缺乏病防治长效机制。

关键词：碘缺乏症甲状腺肿,地方性尿盐类

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2009年中国电影学研究报告

当代电影 2010年第3期 88-93页

作者：陈晓云江楠北京电影学院教授100088

2009年适逢新中国成立60周年，国产电影的数量与票房都呈现出一种持续上升的势态。与此相关，对新中国电影发展历程的回顾和梳理构成了影史研究的重要论题，而对当代中国电影的研究则较多聚焦于电影产业与文化创意等问题的探讨；电影理... 详细信息

2009年适逢新中国成立60周年，国产电影的数量与票房都呈现出一种持续上升的势态。与此相关，对新中国电影发展历程的回顾和梳理构成了影史研究的重要论题，而对当代中国电影的研究则较多聚焦于电影产业与文化创意等问题的探讨；电影理论研究方面除基本理论建设外，对于新媒体和新技术的研究颇为引人注目；外国电影著作的翻译介绍则依然成为年度畅销热点，叙事分析和类型研究引人注目。

关键词：新中国成立电影学国产电影电影发展文化创意电影产业中国电影电影理论