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Frontsand strong currents of the upper southeast Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第2期25卷 1-24页

作者： HE Zhigang DONG Zhaoqian YUAN Xiaojun Department of Oceanography Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136 China Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades New York NY 10964-800 USA

Hydrographic data, ADCP velocity and sea level anomaly derived from the satellite altimeter have been jointly analyzed in the southeast lndian Ocean. Results show the locations and orientations of the major oceanic fronts as well as the characteristics of the currents within these fronts in the area. Double subtropical fronts are observed in the section along 120°E, which conflicts with the frontal structure frequently observed before the North Subtropical Front （NSTF） and South Subtropical Front （SSTF） merge into a single STF between 110°-115°E. The Subantarctic Front （SAF）, influenced by the out-of-phase double eddies, runs across 48°S three times between 120° and 127°E. The surface current within the SAF is strengthened up to 105.4 cm/s by the geostrophic effect of these eddies. Furthermore eddies may cause the strong current to split up into two branches within the SAF. The SAF and the primary polar front （PFI） can be identified individually in the ADCP data with a separation distance of about 0.3° at latitude between 140° and 145°E, although they cannot be identified separately in the low-resolution hydrographic data. The different thcrmohaline characteristics of Circumpolar Deep Water （CDW） and Modified Circumpolar Deep Water （MCDW） result in the formation of Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front （SACCF） in the southeast Indian Ocean. It consistently turns northward along the east flank of the Kerguclen Plateau after it runs through the Princess Elizabeth Trough and turns southward sharply north of 60°S with a little seasonal variations. It is shown that the locations and orientations of the SAK the primary PF and SACCF in the ACC of the southeast Indian Ocean can be identified more precisely by the current distribution derived from ADCP data than by hydrographic data, because these fronts are usually accompanied by strong currents. However, the locations and orientations of the STF and the secondary PF are more difficult to be identified through cur

关键词： southeast Indian Ocean front jet

Features of physical oceanography in the oceans near the Prydz Bay during the 1998/1999 austral summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第6期25卷 1-14页

作者： PU Shuzhen HU Xiaomin DONG Zhaoqian XIANG Baoqiang YU Weidong First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China Polar Research Institute of China State Oceanic Administration Shanghai 200136 China

Thermohaline features, spatial extensions, and depths of the antarctic circumpolar deep water, the antarctic bottom water, and the upper layer water near the Prydz Bay （ including the Prydz Bay *** surface water, the antarctic winter water, and the Prydz Bay shelf water ） are analyzed and studied by use of the full depth CTD data obtained in the Southern Ocean near the Prydz Bay during the 1998/1999 austral summer. The northward extension of the shelf water, the thickness of the temperature inversion layer, the minima in the vertical temperature profile and the vertical temperature gradient are interpreted. On the basis of analysis of gravitational potential field, the geostrophic current and the geostrophic volume transport are calculated to determine the location of the strongest current in the zonal circulation near the Prydz Bay and to find the spatial variability of the volume transport in the64° -66.5°S zone. In addition, the central location, the frontal strength, the vertical depth and thickness of the continental water boundary （CWB） are estimated from the CTD data to expound the spatial variability of CWB in the study area （64° -66.5°S, 70° -75°E）.

关键词： circulation front Prydz Bay Southern Ocean water masses

南极普里兹湾海冰厚度的电磁感应探测方法研究

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地球物理学报 2008年第2期51卷 596-602页

作者：郭井学孙波田钢王帮兵张向培中国极地研究中心上海200136 浙江大学理学院地球科学系杭州310027

本文介绍一种由EM31-ICE型电磁感应仪和激光测距仪组合而成的船载电磁感应海冰厚度探测系统.针对海冰和海水的电学特征,运用电磁感应技术提取探测系统至海冰下底面的距离,运用激光测距仪测量冰面粗糙度和探测系统至海冰上表面的距离,两... 详细信息

本文介绍一种由EM31-ICE型电磁感应仪和激光测距仪组合而成的船载电磁感应海冰厚度探测系统.针对海冰和海水的电学特征,运用电磁感应技术提取探测系统至海冰下底面的距离,运用激光测距仪测量冰面粗糙度和探测系统至海冰上表面的距离,两组数据结合,实现了海冰厚度的探测.通过南极现场探测数据分析,并与钻孔实测冰厚数据对比研究,定量分析了探测系统距离冰面的高度效应,建立了该系统冰厚测定值随高度变化的修正关系式,并对船载航行数据进行了系统校正.与SCAR ASPeCt的冰厚数据对比分析,表明该系统能够获得可靠的海冰厚度并具有较高的精度,且能满足对极区大范围海冰厚度观测的需求.

关键词：南极海冰厚度电磁感应探测气候变化

Fhe application of electromagnetic-induction on the measurement of sea ice thickness in the Antarctic

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Applied Geophysics 2007年第3期4卷 214-220页

作者： Guo jingxue Sun Bo Tian Gang College of GeoExploration Science and Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 China Polar Research Institute Center of China Shanghai 200136 China Department of Earth Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

As an important component of the cryosphere, sea ice is very sensitive to climate change. The study of sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness. This paper presents an electromagnetic induction （EM） technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently and its successful application in the Antarctic Neila Fjord. Based on the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater and the application of electromagnetic field theory, this technique can accurately detect the distance between the EM instrument and the ice/water interface to measure the sea ice thickness. Analyzing the apparent conductivity data obtained by the electromagnetic induction technique and drill-hole measurements at same location allows the construction of a transform equation for the apparent conductivity and sea ice thickness. The verification of the calculated sea ice thickness using this equation indicates that the electromagnetic induction technique is able to determine reliable sea ice thickness with an average relative error of only 5.5%. The ice thickness profiles show the sea ice distribution in Neila Fjord is basically level with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.4 m.

关键词： electromagnetic induction apparent conductivity sea ice thickness drill-hole measurement the Antarctic.

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南极冰盖数值模拟研究进展与展望

极地研究 2006年第4期18卷 290-300页

作者：唐学远张占海孙波中国极地研究中心上海200136

数值模拟南极冰盖是提升人们认识南极冰盖演化行为的重要手段。通过数值模拟研究可以揭示某些观测数据包含的冰盖物理机理以及在缺乏观测数据的情形下预测冰盖的演化行为。本文在综述南极冰盖数值研究国际进展的基础上,分析了南极冰盖... 详细信息

数值模拟南极冰盖是提升人们认识南极冰盖演化行为的重要手段。通过数值模拟研究可以揭示某些观测数据包含的冰盖物理机理以及在缺乏观测数据的情形下预测冰盖的演化行为。本文在综述南极冰盖数值研究国际进展的基础上,分析了南极冰盖数值模拟方面几个主要模型的特点,特别针对南极冰盖的三维数值模拟展开讨论,分析并探讨了冰盖数值模拟可能会遇到的潜在不稳定源以及在拓展模型研究范围时会遇到的障碍。对目前三维冰盖数值模拟存在的几个问题进行了讨论,并对未来发展进行了展望。

关键词：南极冰盖数值模拟冰盖演化冰流

塔斯马尼亚岛至南极大陆断面风场的变化及其与锋的关系

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极地研究 2006年第4期18卷 235-244页

作者：贺志刚董兆乾中国科学院南海海洋研究所广州510301 中国极地研究中心上海200136

本文利用WOCE塔斯马尼亚岛至南极大陆断面连续6年(1993—1998年)南半球夏季的上层温度数据确定了各锋位置,并对ERS-1/2卫星风场数据进行处理,获得该断面多年平均月风应力和风应力旋度,以及该断面风应力变化的时间序列。将各锋位置与局... 详细信息

本文利用WOCE塔斯马尼亚岛至南极大陆断面连续6年(1993—1998年)南半球夏季的上层温度数据确定了各锋位置,并对ERS-1/2卫星风场数据进行处理,获得该断面多年平均月风应力和风应力旋度,以及该断面风应力变化的时间序列。将各锋位置与局地的风应力和风应力旋度变化进行对比分析,探讨了两者之间的关系。结果显示,该断面纬向风应力和经向风应力均有周期为半年的季节变化,经向风应力变化超前于纬向风应力变化约1个月。风应力旋度有周期为2个月左右的变化。第一极锋(PF1)位置的经向季节变化幅度远小于气候月平均零旋度线的经向季节变化幅度,但位于零旋度线的平均位置附近。在PF1以北,向北输送的南极表层水(AASW)开始辐聚下沉,在下沉并北移的过程中与亚南极模态水(SAMW)相遇,SAMW与AASW之间温盐特征的巨大差异可能是导致亚南极锋(SAF)形成的主要原因。极锋区(PFZ,指极锋PF与亚南极锋SAF之间的区域)中辐聚大于辐散,部分辐聚的水体必定来自极锋以南向北输送的温度更低的上层水,对SAF水平温度梯度的形成和维持做出贡献。风应力旋度负最大值很可能决定了南极绕极流锋(SACCF)的强度:负最大值越大,埃克曼抽吸越强,南极绕极深层水(CDW)向海面涌升程度越大,CDW与变性南极绕极深层水(MCDW)之间温盐梯度的深度范围越大,锋强度越强。

关键词：南印度洋锋风应力季节内变化

南极冰盖GLIMMER模式试验及其对二维冰流情形的模型简化

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自然科学进展 2007年第4期17卷 480-487页

作者：唐学远张占海孙波李院生李娜王帮兵张向培中国极地研究中心上海200136

对南极冰盖三维有限差分动力热力学耦合模式—GLIMMER模式作了一个简要的介绍,并在EISMINT-1标准下作了一个理想冰盖数值试验,给出了冰盖处于稳定状态下的各种演化特征曲线．在此基础上将该模式从三维情形简化为二维冰流情形,对差分方... 详细信息

对南极冰盖三维有限差分动力热力学耦合模式—GLIMMER模式作了一个简要的介绍,并在EISMINT-1标准下作了一个理想冰盖数值试验,给出了冰盖处于稳定状态下的各种演化特征曲线．在此基础上将该模式从三维情形简化为二维冰流情形,对差分方法及坐标系提出了改进意见,在耦合温度场条件下模拟了二维冰流的演化,结果表明反映冰盖质量、动量、能量平衡的各种特征曲线与在GLIMMER模式模拟出的冰盖断面结果相一致,并且与理论结果也吻合．讨论了简化后的二维冰流模式在模拟Dome A地区年代—深度—古积累率关系的应用前景．

关键词：南极冰盖 GLIMMER模式数值模拟二维冰流

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电磁感应技术在南极海冰厚度探测中的应用

吉林大学学报（地球科学版） 2008年第2期38卷 330-335页

作者：郭井学孙波崔祥斌田钢吉林大学地球探测科学与技术学院长春130026 中国极地研究中心上海200136 浙江大学地球科学系杭州310027

介绍一种能够高效探测海冰厚度的电磁感应方法及其在南极考察中的应用。该技术方法针对海冰和海水的电特性,利用电磁场原理精确探测仪器至冰水交界面的距离,以实现海冰厚度的测定。通过电磁感应（EM）仪观测的视电导率与同点位钻孔测量... 详细信息

介绍一种能够高效探测海冰厚度的电磁感应方法及其在南极考察中的应用。该技术方法针对海冰和海水的电特性,利用电磁场原理精确探测仪器至冰水交界面的距离,以实现海冰厚度的测定。通过电磁感应（EM）仪观测的视电导率与同点位钻孔测量数据对比分析,获得视电导率与海冰厚度的换算关系式,通过对用该关系式计算出的海冰厚度进行验证,表明电磁感应技术能够获得可靠的海冰厚度数据。对探测剖面的海冰厚度统计表明,2005—2006年夏季南极内拉峡湾内海冰以平整冰为主,其厚度为0.81.4 m。

关键词：南极电磁感应视电导率海冰厚度钻孔测量

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument

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Chinese journal of Polar Science 2007年第1期18卷 36-46页

作者：郭井学孙波 Polar Research Institute of China

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate *** study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice *** paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian *** on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is *** analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice *** verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.

关键词： Electromagnetic-induction Sea ice Thickness Bothnian Bay