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北京新发现外来有害生物——西部喙缘蝽

植物保护 2024年第5期50卷 333-336页

作者：赵京芬苏林路红艳郭蕾陈宝悦虞国跃北京市丰台区园林绿化局林业工作站北京100055 北京市园林绿化资源保护中心北京100013 北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所北京100097

在北京的白皮松Pinus bungeana、桧柏Juniperus chinensis和龙柏***‘Kaizuca’上发现了一种椿象,刺吸寄主植物针叶或嫩枝。这是一种北京新记录的外来有害生物,为原产于北美洲的西部喙缘蝽Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann,1910。... 详细信息

在北京的白皮松Pinus bungeana、桧柏Juniperus chinensis和龙柏***‘Kaizuca’上发现了一种椿象,刺吸寄主植物针叶或嫩枝。这是一种北京新记录的外来有害生物,为原产于北美洲的西部喙缘蝽Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann,1910。本文记述了西部喙缘蝽的形态特征、寄主植物、发生与为害情况。

关键词：西部喙缘蝽外来种形态特征寄主植物危害

A Comparative Analysis of b Chromosomes and Genetic Diversity in Maize (Zea mays L.) Landraces from Southwest China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2007年第10期6卷 1166-1172页

作者： YAO Qi-lun1, 2, YANG Ke-cheng1, PAN Guang-tang1 and RONG Ting-zhao1 1 Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, P.R.China 2 Department of Life Science, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling 408003, P.R.China [a]Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 P.R.China [b]Department of Life Science Yangtze Normal University Fuling 408003 P.R.Chin

The number of b chromosomes (bs) in 54 maize landraces from Southwest China was tested by means of cytological observations. Nine landraces with bs were observed. A map, showing the geographic distribution of the landraces with bs, was plotted. It was found that southeastern Sichuan Province in China was the main distribution area of the landraces with bs in Southwest China. In order to obtain information on relationships between bs and genetic variation, genetic diversity both among and within 11 landraces was evaluated. For each SSR marker, the number of alleles ranged from 3 to 12 with an average of 7.86, which revealed a high level of genetic diversity among maize landraces in Southwest China. based on SSRs data, higher genetic variation was found in the landraces with 2b, and the genetic distance between the landraces with and without bs was higher. The results together with the principal component analysis (PCA) supported the hypothesis that maize landraces in Southwest China were first introduced to the middle part of southwest Sichuan, China. At the same time, the effect of bs on genetic variation was discussed.

关键词： bs genetic diversity maize landraces SSR markers

Analysis of Gene Effect on Four Characters of Immature Embryo Culture in Maize

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2007年第11期6卷 1291-1296页

作者： SONG Yun XIA Yan-li WEI Xin ZHANG Zhi-ming ZHAO Mao-jun RONG Ting-zhao PAN Guang-tang Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 P.R.China Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education/Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 P.R. China College of Life Science Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu 030801 P.R.China Sichuan Institute of Chinese Material Medica Chengdu 610041 P.R.China

This study was to find the regularity in the hereditary variation for the main culturing characters of the immature embryo culture in maize. Two kinds of inbred-line, R18-599 （red） with very excellent embryo culturing capacity and R15 with very poor embryo culturing capacity, were used as P1 and P2 for obtaining six generations. by culturing immature embryos of the six generations, four culturing characters, namely embryonic callus induction efficiency, nonembryonic callus induction efficiency, cloning ability of the embryonic callus, and number of regenerating plants, were analyzed using the general mean analysis and generation joint analysis. Results showed that the embryonic callus induction efficiency accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes and polygene-mixed additive-dominance-epistatic inheritance model. The induction efficiency of the nonembryonic callus accorded with two major additive-dominance-epistatic genes. The number of regenerating plants accorded with one major gene and polygene-mixed additive-dominance inheritance model. The cloning ability of the embryo callus accorded with two major genes and polygene-mixed inheritance model, whereas the effect of epistatic gene on this character was identified results of the two methods, generation joint analysis may genetic information. to be different using the two methods. by comparison of the not only raise experimental precision but also provide more

关键词： maize (Zea mays L.) immature embryo culture inheritance model gene effect

Genetic Diversity of Maize Populations Developed by Two Kinds of Recurrent Selection Methods Investigated with SSR Markers

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第9期7卷 1037-1045页

作者： LI Lu-jiang YANG Ke-cheng PAN Guang-tang RONG Ting-zhao Maize Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University~Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education Ya＇ an 625014 P.R.China

Two cycles of biparental mass selection （MS） and one cycle of half-sib-S3 family combining selection （HS-S3） for yield were carried out in 2 synthetic maize populations P4C0 and P5C0 synchronously. The genetic diversity of 8 maize populations, including both the basic populations and their developed populations, were evaluated by 30 SSR primers. On the 30 SSR loci, a total of 184 alleles had been detected in these populations. At each locus, the number of alleles varied from 2 to 14, with an average of 6.13. The number and ratio of polymorphic loci in both the basic populations were higher than those of their developed populations, respectively. There was nearly no difference after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations in the mean gene heterozygosity. The mean genetic distance changed slightly after MS but decreased in a bigger degree after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. Analyses on the distribution of genetic distances showed that the ranges of the genetic distance were wider after MS and most of the genetic distances in populations developed by HS-S3 were smaller than those in both the basic populations. The number of genotypes increased after MS but decreased after HS-S3 in both the basic populations. The genetic diversity of intra-population was much more than genetic diversity of inter-population in both the basic populations. All these indexes demonstrated that the genetic diversity of populations after MS was similar to their basic populations, and the genetic diversity was maintained during MS, whereas the genetic diversity of populations decreased after HS-S3. This result indicated that heterogeneity between some of the individuals in the developed populations increased after MS, whereas the populations become more homozygotic after HS-S3.

关键词： maize recurrent selection genetic diversity SSR markers biparental mass selection (MS) half-sib-S3 familycombining selection (HS-S3)

Evaluation of Rice Germplasm for Resistance to the Small brown Planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) and Analysis of Resistance Mechanism

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Rice science 2008年第1期15卷 36-42页

作者： DUAN Can-xing ZHANG Shi-xian LEI Cai-lin CHENG Zhi-jun CHEN Qing ZHAI Hu-qu WAN Jian-min Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Beijing 100081 China Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing100094 China Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China）

One hundred and thirty-eight rice accessions were screened for resistance to the small brown planthopper （SbPH）（Laodelphax striatellus Fallen） by the modified seedbox screening test. Twenty-five rice accessions with different levels of resistance to SbPH were detected, accounting for 18.1% of the total accessions, which included 2 highly resistant, 9 resistant and 14 moderately resistant varieties. Compared with indica rice, japonica rice was more susceptible to SbPH. Antixenosis test, antibiosis test and correlation analysis were performed to elucidate the resistance mechanism. The resistant check Rathu Heenati （RHT）, highly resistant varieties Mudgo and Kasalath, and resistant variety IR36 expressed strong antixenosis and antibiosis against SbPH, indicating the close relationship between resistance level and these two resistance mechanisms in the four rice varieties. Antibiosis was the dominant resistance pattern in the resistant varieties Daorenqiao and Yangmaogu due to their high antibiosis but low antixenosis. Dular, ASD7 and Milyang 23 had relatively strong antixenosis and antibiosis, indicating the two resistance mechanisms were significant in these three varieties. The resistant DV85 expressed relatively high level of antixenosis but low antibiosis, whereas Zhaiyeqing 8 and Guiyigu conferred only moderate antibiosis and antixenosis to SbPH, suggesting tolerance in these three varieties. Antibiosis and antixenosis governed the resistance to SbPH in the moderately resistant accession 9311. Antixenosis was the main resistance type in V20A. Tolerance was considered to be an important resistance mechanism in Minghui 63 and Yangjing 9538 due to their poor antibiosis and antixenosis resistance. The above accessions with strong antibiosis or antixenosis were the ideal materials for the resistance breeding.

关键词： rice germplasm the small brown planthopper evaluation for resistance resistance mechanism antixenosis antibiosis

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复粒小穗高粱种质资源结构及遗传分析

中国农业科学 2007年第3期40卷 628-632页

作者：刘明慧高秋霞陕西省宝鸡市农业科学研究所陕西省宝鸡市农业科学研究所岐山722400

目的研究高粱小穗结构,完善其形态解剖和遗传理论,探讨在高粱杂种优势利用和育种中的作用。方法采用笔者发现创制的复粒高粱材料SZ0,以及10个国内外高粱双粒资源品种,对其农艺性状、小穗结构观察解剖,与普通(单粒)品种杂交进行遗传分析... 详细信息

目的研究高粱小穗结构,完善其形态解剖和遗传理论,探讨在高粱杂种优势利用和育种中的作用。方法采用笔者发现创制的复粒高粱材料SZ0,以及10个国内外高粱双粒资源品种,对其农艺性状、小穗结构观察解剖,与普通(单粒)品种杂交进行遗传分析。结果双籽粒小穗是复粒高粱小穗的一种基本形式,在复粒品系SZ0的小穗中有高频率的多小花、多籽粒、多雌蕊、多浆片、多花药、多柱头及孪生连体籽粒等结构特征;在109-双粒(怀德)的小穗中有第三颖壳、双芒、4个浆片等结构,存在低频率的三籽粒小穗;高粱复粒性状由1对基因控制,在TX431中复粒对单粒为显性,在中国的农家品种109-双粒(怀德)中复粒对单粒为隐性。结论复粒高粱小穗结构与传统理论不同,表明高粱小穗的原始结构是多小花的,存在着多心皮子房;由于掌握了丰富的种质资源,国外相互矛盾的结论在本研究中同时再现,表明复粒性状在不同品种中,受不同的一对基因控制,其相互关系有待进一步研究。

关键词：复粒高粱小穗结构多雌蕊多柱头遗传分析

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不同世代玉米自交系产量配合力研究

玉米科学 2006年第6期14卷 32-34页

作者：李凤艳张兴华张仁和赵永西北农林科技大学农学院陕西杨凌712100 辽宁省铁岭市农科院辽宁铁岭112616

将5个不同世代38个姊妹系和4个测验种,按NCⅡ设计组配152个杂交组合,对群体选系各世代产量配合力和遗传变异规律进行研究。结果表明:随着世代的增加,姊妹系配合力呈先增加后下降的趋势,即随着自交选择的进行产量配合力逐渐升高,S4代达... 详细信息

将5个不同世代38个姊妹系和4个测验种,按NCⅡ设计组配152个杂交组合,对群体选系各世代产量配合力和遗传变异规律进行研究。结果表明:随着世代的增加,姊妹系配合力呈先增加后下降的趋势,即随着自交选择的进行产量配合力逐渐升高,S4代达到最高值,S5代开始下降。S2～S4代是产量配合力严重分离的世代,S3、S4代姊妹系间产量配合力变异大,范围宽,分离重组出高配合力选系的比率高于其它世代,是配合力测定的最佳时期。

关键词：玉米姊妹系自交世代.配合力

玉米优异早熟种质单330开花相关性状的QTL分析

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植物遗传资源学报 2006年第4期7卷 437-441页

作者：公强王天宇谭学林石云素宋燕春黎裕云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院昆明650201 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京100081

玉米开花相关性状与玉米的成熟期和产量有密切的联系。通过对玉米CN165×单330（早熟种质）群体的130个F2：3家系开花相关性状在3个环境下进行分子鉴定和数量性状住点（QTL）分析，结果表明，在3个环境中检测到控制抽雄天数的10个QTL，... 详细信息

玉米开花相关性状与玉米的成熟期和产量有密切的联系。通过对玉米CN165×单330（早熟种质）群体的130个F2：3家系开花相关性状在3个环境下进行分子鉴定和数量性状住点（QTL）分析，结果表明，在3个环境中检测到控制抽雄天数的10个QTL，分别位于第2、3、4、5、7、8染色体上，在第8染色体上同一区域在3种环境下部检测到了QTL；检测到控制散粉天数的10个QTL，分别位于第1、2、3、5、7、8染色体上，在第8染色体上同一区域在2种环境下都检测到了QTL；检测到控制吐丝天数的4个QTL，分别位于第4、5、8染色体上，在第8染色体不同环境下都检测到了2个QTL；仅仅在一个环境中检测到控制ASI的2个QTL，分别位于第6、9染色体上。这些QTL的基因效应以部分显性和超显性为主。研究表明，第8染色体上phi060-umc2401区域（8．03-8．04）是一个研究开花相关性状的重要基因组区段。涉及到的标记可以作为分子标记辅助选择的重要候选标记。

关键词：玉米开花相关性状 QTL

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高粱糯质资源创新及其利用研究

植物遗传资源学报 2007年第3期8卷 321-324页

作者：董怀玉徐秀德姜钰王丽娟杨晓光辽宁省农业科学院植物保护研究所沈阳110161 辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所沈阳110161

利用高粱资源研究中新发掘和引进的糯质材料,通过有性杂交选育,农艺性状、抗病性鉴定和品质分析,选育出育种和生产急需的、综合农艺性状优良的糯质新种质L401A、L402A、1053A、1057A、1058A等5个不育系和R92、031069R、031038R等3个恢... 详细信息

利用高粱资源研究中新发掘和引进的糯质材料,通过有性杂交选育,农艺性状、抗病性鉴定和品质分析,选育出育种和生产急需的、综合农艺性状优良的糯质新种质L401A、L402A、1053A、1057A、1058A等5个不育系和R92、031069R、031038R等3个恢复系。利用新创资源组配了一批高产、综合农艺性状好的糯质高粱杂交组合。

关键词：高粱糯质资源创新利用