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Prioritizing chemicals for environmental management in china based on screening of potential risks

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Frontiers of Earth science 2014年第1期8卷 104-114页

作者： Xiangyi YU Yan MAO Chemical Registration Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100012 China

The rapid development of china＇s chemical industry has created increasing pressure to improve the environmental management of chemicals. To bridge the large gap between the use and safe management of chemicals, we performed a comprehensive review of the international methods used to prioritize chemicals for environmental management. By comparing domestic and foreign methods, we confirmed the presence of this gap and identified potential solutions. Based on our literature review, we developed an appropriate screening method that accounts for the unique characteristics of chemical use within china. The proposed method is based on an evaluation using nine indices of the potential hazard posed by a chemical： three environmental hazard indices （persistence, bioaccumulation, and eco-toxicity）, four health hazard indices （acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxi- city）, and two environmental exposure hazard indices （chemical amount and utilization pattern）. The results of our screening agree with results of previous efforts from around the world, confirming the validity of the new system. The classification method will help decision- makers to prioritize and identify the chemicals with the highest environmental risk, thereby providing a basis for improving chemical management in china.

关键词： chemicals screening risk environmental management priority definition

Underwater topography detection of Taiwan shoal with sAR images

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2010年第3期28卷 636-642页

作者：杨俊钢张杰孟俊敏 The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration (SOA) Key Laboratory of marine science and Numerical Modeling (MAsNUM) State Oceanic Administration (SOA)

Under suitable conditions of tidal current and wind, underwater topography can be detected by synthetic aperture radar (sAR) indirectly. Underwater topography sAR imaging includes three physical processes: radar ocean surface backscattering, the modulation of sea surface short wave spectrum by the variations in sea surface currents, and the modulation of sea surface currents by the underwater topography. The first process is described usually by Bragg scattering theory because the incident angle of sAR is always between 20°-70°. The second process is described by the action balance equation. The third process is described by an ocean hydrodynamic model. Based on the sAR imaging mechanism for underwater topography, an underwater topography sAR detection model and a simplified method for its calculation are introduced. In the detection model, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model – the shallow water model is used to describe the motion of tidal current. Due to the difficulty of determining the expression of sAR backscattering cross section in which some terms can not be determined, the backscattering cross section of sAR image used in the underwater topography sAR detection is pro-processed by the simulated sAR image of the coarse-grid water depth to simplify the calculation. Taiwan shoal, located at the southwest outlet of Taiwan strait, is selected as an evaluation area for this technique due to the occurrence of hundreds of sand waves. The underwater topography of Taiwan shoal was detected by two scenes of ERs-2 sAR images which were acquired on 9 January 2000 and 6 June 2004. The detection results are compared with in situ measured water depths for three profiles. The average absolute and relative errors of the best detection result are 2.23 m and 7.5 %, respectively. These show that the detection model and the simplified method introduced in the paper is feasible.

关键词： underwater topography Taiwan shoal sAR imaging

sub-chronic Toxicity of Defoamer Used in seawater Desalination

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Biomedical and Environmental sciences 2019年第5期32卷 334-344页

作者： DUAN Lian ZHANG Chong Hua GU Wen ZHI Hong KONG Jian ZHANG shao Ping LI Yi Min LU Kai Institute for Environmental Health and Related Product safety Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100020China The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Harbin Harbin 150000HeilongjiangChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206China

Objective To explore the possible long‐term health effects of the defoamer used in seawater desalination by sub‐chronic toxicity testing. Methods Blood analysis, internal organ assessment, and histopathological examination were carried out in rats exposed to low, medium, and high(0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg BW, respectively) doses of defoamer for 90 days through oral administration. Results The high dose group showed decreased blood alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase(P ses resulted in a significant increase in albumin and decrease in globulin(P sed in the medium and high dose groups(P se groups showed significant induction of alkaline phosphatase(P se of liver mononuclear cell infiltration in the medium dose group and three cases of liver congestion, steatosis of hepatic cells around the central vein, and punctate necrosis with multiple focal mononuclear cell infiltration in male rats administered the high dose. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level was 0.5 g/kg BW in rats, with albumin and total bilirubin as health effect indices. Conclusion Long‐term defoamer exposure may cause liver injury but has no significant impact on renal function in rats. The effect on blood cells in female rats was more prominent than that in male rats.

关键词： seawater desalination Defoamer sub‐chronic toxicity

Effect of polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera on maize seedlings under NaCl stress

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第4期37卷 1372-1381页

作者： LIU song LI Bing CHEN Xiaolin QIN Yukun LI Pengcheng CAs Key Laboratory of Experimental marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Laboratory for marine Drugs and Bioproducts Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266000 China Center for Ocean Mega-science Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266000 China marine science and Engineering College Qingdao Agriculture University Qingdao 266000 China

In this study, a polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) was extracted and its effect on maize seedlings under NaCl stress was investigated. Firstly, the components and structure of the EP were determined. We found that EP is a sulfated polysaccharide of high-molecular weight (Mw, 1 840 KDa) heteropolysaccharides and the main monosaccharide is rhamnose. The polysaccharide was applied to explore its effect on the growth of maize seedlings and its defense response under a salt stress. The results show that EP could promote the growth of maize seedlings under the salt stress. In addition, EP was shown able to significantly regulate membrane permeability and adjustment of osmotic substances such as soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Therefore, EP is an effective salt-resistant substance for the growth of maize seedlings under NaCl stress.

关键词： polysaccharides Enteromorpha prolifera maize seedling NaCl stress

Influence of the saharan Air Layer on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Formation during the Period 1-12 september 2003

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2011年第1期28卷 16-32页

作者：潘维玉吴立广 Key Laboratory of Mesoscale severe Weather of Ministry of Education School of Atmospheric SciencesNanjing University Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information science and Technology

Atmospheric Infrared sounder （AIRs） data show that the saharan air layer （sAL） is a dry, warm, and well-mixed layer between 950 and 500 hPa over the tropical Atlantic, extending westward from the African coast to the Caribbean sea. The formations of both Hurricane Isabel and Tropical Depression 14 （TD14） were accompanied with outbreaks of sAL air during the period 1-12 september 2003, although TD14 failed to develop into a named tropical cyclone. The influence of the sAL on their formations is investigated by examining data from satellite observations and numerical simulations, in which AIRs data are incorporated into the MM5 model through the nudging technique. Analyses of the AIRs and simulation data suggest that the sAL may have played two roles in the formation of tropical cyclones during the period 1-12 september 2003. First, the outbreaks of sAL air on 3 and 8 september enhanced the transverse-vertical circulation with the rising motion along the southern edge of the sAL and the sinking motion inside the sAL, triggering the development of two tropical disturbances associated with Hurricane Isabel and TD14. second, in addition to the reduced environmental humidity and enhanced static stability in the lower troposphere, the sAL dry air intruded into the inner region of these tropical disturbances as their cyclonic ？ows became strong. This effect may have slowed down the formation of Isabel and inhibited TD14 becoming a named tropical cyclone, while the enhanced vertical shear contributed little to tropical cyclone formation during this period. The 48-h trajectory calculations confirm that the parcels from the sAL can be transported into the inner region of an incipient tropical cyclone.

关键词： tropical cyclone saharan Air Layer Atmospheric Infrared sounder

Effects of dietary supplementation with algal astaxanthin on growth,pigmentation,and antioxidant capacity of the blood parrot (Cichlasoma citrinellum × Cichlasoma synspilum )

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第5期36卷 1851-1859页

作者： LI Feng HUANG shuiying LU Xiaoxia WANG Jun LIN Mingwei AN Yu WU shaoting CAI Minggang College of Ocean and Earth science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China state Key Laboratory of marine Environmental science Xiamen University Xiamen 361005China

An algal astaxanthin feeding trial was carried out to investigate the ef fects of natural astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as feed additives on growth, pigmenting efficacy and antioxidant capacity in blood parrot(C ichlasoma citrinellum × C ichlasoma. synspilum). Tissue total antioxidant capacity(TAC), superoxide dismutase(sOD), catalase(CAT) and maleic dialdehyde(MDA) were chosen as measures of its antioxidant capacity. All fish which received an astaxanthin(from micro-algal H. pluvialis) supplemented diet with 400 mg/kg of astaxanthin, after 50 days of feeding, the astaxanthin-fed fish displayed a pinkcolored skin and the control-fed fish displayed a grayish skin. For the growth, the weight gains of controlfed fish and astaxanthin-fed fish were 200% and 300%, respectively. samples of skin and scales were used for analysis of total carotenoids and astaxanthin content, and fish feeding astaxanthin showed significantly( P s than the control group, indicating that the pigmentation of this fish had been significantly improved by dietary astaxanthin. Compared with the control fish, pigmented fish had lower sOD, CAT and MDA and higher TAC. It can be concluded that supplementation with dietary astaxanthin could eff ectively enhance growth, skin coloration and the antioxidant capacity of this fish. This study will provide a reference for application of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis as feed additives in blood parrot artificial breeding. Our data is also useful in ornamental fish farming, especially when the retentivity of astaxanthin in the skin and scales are involved. It is leading to the possibility of increasing the pigmentation of farmed-fish by adding the powdered form of H. pluvialis to the diet as an ef fective pigment.

关键词： astaxanthin Haematococcus pluvialis pigmentation antioxidant capacity blood parrot

Design of an active seed throwing and cleaning unit for pneumatic rice seed metering device

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第2期11卷 62-69页

作者： He Xing Zaiman Wang Xiwen Luo Ying Zang Wenwu Yang Minghua Zhang Yuexin Ma Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment Ministry of EducationSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China College of Engineering South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China

To address the clogging of the rice seed metering device after a long period of operation without affecting the precision of normal seeding,an active seed throwing and cleaning unit was designed based on the fact that magnets of the same pole were mutually *** working principle of the two devices was analysed theoretically,and a mechanical model was created according to the relationship between the repulsion forces of magnets and the spring forces of *** super hybrid rice Y-2 You 900 with 22.5%moisture content(wet basis)was used as the test *** whole factor experiments were carried out under different negative pressures,rotational speeds of the suction plates,and lengths of *** results indicated that under any test conditions,the active seed throwing and cleaning unit worked *** results of high-speed photography showed that the rate of seed cleaning was 100%.The results also showed that the optimal negative pressure was 0.8 *** probability of 1-3 seeds per hill for the seed metering device was approximately 95%under the optimal negative *** optimal length of the probe was found to be 2 *** average qualified rate of hill space was 96.04%under the optimal length of probe,the longer the length of the probe,the lower the qualified rate of hill *** also showed that an active seed throwing and cleaning unit could effectively avoid the hole clogging caused by the long-term operation and had no influence on the normal operation of the pneumatic rice seed metering *** active seed throwing and cleaning unit improved the stability of the seed metering device,and the research provided a reference for the optimal design of seed throwing and cleaning structures of the pneumatic rice seed metering device.

关键词： agricultural machinery seed metering device seed cleaning anti-clogging pneumatic seed metering precision seeder

Row-based configuration mechanism for a 2-D processing element array in coarse-grained reconfigurable architecture

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science china(Information sciences) 2014年第10期57卷 170-187页

作者： LIU LeiBo WANG Yansheng YIN shouYi ZHU Min WANG Xing WEI shaoJun Institute of Microelectronics Tsinghua University National Laboratory for Information science and Technology Tsinghua University

Using the coarser operand grain and simplified interconnection patterns, CGRA(coarse grained reconfigurable architectures) has been proven to be energy efficient in several specific domains. As we know, the speed at which the contexts are applied to a PEA(processing element array) directly determines the performance of CGRA. In this paper, the design space in CGRA is further developed from the configuration granularity perspective by one middle-grained configuration granularity—the row-based configuration mechanism(RCM).The most prominent feature of the RCM is that a large DFG(data flow graph) can be mapped onto a small array in once reconfiguration, which is carried out on a row-by-row basis. Compared with an ordinary DFGpartitioning solution, the reconfiguration time and the data transfer time are well reduced. Furthermore, the proposed RCM offers much more efficient storage for the contexts. Compared with the DFG partitioning solution,the performance is boosted from 2.6% to 57.8%, while the area penalty is only 4.79% and the power penalty is only 7.22%. The RCM has been used in one reconfigurable processor called REMUs HPA(reconfigurable multi-media system, high performance version advanced). REMUs HPA has been implemented on a 50.5 mm2 silicon with TsMC 65 nm technology. simulation shows that 1920×1088@37 fps can be achieved for H.264high-profile decoding when exploiting a 200 MHz working frequency. Compared with the high performance version of XPP(one commercial reconfigurable processor), the performance is 247% boosted.

关键词： row-based configuration PE array fast reconfiguration context compression DFG portioning

Detection of the Kuroshio frontal instable processes (KFIP) in the East china sea using the MODIs images

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Acta Oceanologica sinica 2010年第6期29卷 35-43页

作者： JIA Yongjun ZHANG Jie National satellite Ocean Application service Beijing 100081 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The Kuroshio frontal instable processes （KFIP） in the East china sea （ECs） not only have a great impact on the hydrologic characteristics,the pollutants drift,the distribution of seafloor sediment and the ships navigation of the ECs,but also are closely related to the climate changes of the coastal areas of the *** the frequency and area of occurrence of the KFIP have not been studied fully and *** of its high spatial and temporal resolution,MODIs data is a kind of very good data source for surveying and researching the KFIP in the *** aim of this study is to detect the KFIP in the ECs by using MODIs data,and to study the frequency and region of occurrence of the KFIP in the *** selection has coverage of level 2 data of MODIs ssT and Kd490 ranging from July 1,2002 to June 30,2009 of the ECs when there was no cloud impact or *** using of the data,the minimum standard of the Kuroshio temperature fronts and the diffuse attenuation coefficient （Kd490） fronts of the ECs are *** on these standards and the curvature distinguish methods,the standard of curvature distinguish for the KFIP in the ECs are put *** making use of this standard,we study a total of 2073 satellite-derived images,and discover that as long as there is no cloud impact from January to May and October to December,the KFIP in the ECs are surely found in MODIs satellite *** June to september,the frequency of occurrence can also reach to 82.9% at ***,it is obtained that there are three source regions of these instability processes,namely,（26°N,121.5°E） nearby,（27°N,125°E） nearby and （30°N,128°E） *** differences of the characteristics of these instability processes which are generated in different regions are analyzed in the present study.

关键词： Kuroshio frontal instable processes frequency and region of occurrence East china sea MODIs