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Aboveground biomass stocks of species-rich natural forests in southern China are influenced by stand structural attributes,species richness and precipitation

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 530-536页

作者： Wen-Hao Zeng Shi-Dan Zhu Ying-Hua Luo Wei Shi Yong-Qiang Wang Kun-Fang Cao State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation College of ForestryGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China School of Life SciencesGuizhou Normal UniversityHuaxi College TownGui'an DistrictGuiyang 550025China

Forests,the largest terrestrial carbon sinks,play an important role in carbon sequestration and climate change *** forest attributes and environmental factors have been shown to impact aboveground biomass,their influence on biomass stocks in species-rich forests in southern China,a biodiversity hotspot,has rarely been *** this study,we characterized the effects of environmental factors,forest structure,and species diversity on aboveground biomass stocks of 30 plots(1 ha each) in natural forests located within seven nature reserves distributed across subtropical and marginal tropical zones in Guangxi,*** results indicate that forest aboveground biomass stocks in this region are lower than those in mature tropical and subtropical forests in other ***,we found that aboveground biomass was positively correlated with stand age,mean annual precipitation,elevation,structural attributes and species richness,although not with species *** we compared stands with the same basal area,we found that aboveground biomass stock was higher in communities with a higher coefficient of variation of diameter at breast *** findings highlight the importance of maintaining forest structural diversity and species richness to promote aboveground biomass accumulation and reveal the potential impacts of precipitation changes resulting from climate warming on the ecosystem services of subtropical and northern tropical forests in ***,many natural forests in southern China are not fully ***,their continued growth will increase their carbon storage over time.

关键词： Subtropical forest Marginal tropical forest Aboveground biomass Species diversity Forest structural attribute Environment factor

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EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 679-692页

作者： Keith Al-Hasani Safiya Naina Marikar Harikrishnan Kaipananickal Scott Maxwell Jun Okabe Ishant Khurana Thomas Karagiannis Julia J.Liang Lina Mariana Thomas Loudovaris Thomas Kay Assam El-Osta Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute75 Commercial RoadMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Department of Diabetes Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourne 3004 VICAustralia School of Science STEM CollegeRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3001 VICAustralia Immunology and Diabetes Unit St Vincent’s Institute of Medical ResearchFitzroy 3065 VICAustralia Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building30-32-Ngan Shing StreetSha TinHong Kong SAR Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinHong Kong SAR Biomedical Laboratory Science Department of TechnologyFaculty of HealthUniversity College CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark

β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize,store and release *** type 1 diabetes(T1D),T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producingβ-*** of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for ***,there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulateβ-cell growth and induceβ-cell *** and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regeneratingβ-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation *** transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 *** the present study,we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells,derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDAapproved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat(Taz)influence a phenotypic shift towards aβ-like cell *** transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin *** EZH2 is fundamental toβ-cell regenerative *** pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex *** pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration ofβ-like cell function.

关键词： EZH2 struction inhibitors

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Light People:*** May Lau,newly elected US NAE member in Hong Kong,talks about future of photonics and women in science

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 602-608页

作者： Yating Wan Chenzi Guo Electrical and Computer Engineering the ComputerElectrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology23955-6900 ThuwalSaudi Arabia Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina

Editorial Photonics technology remains a driving force in today’s scientific landscape,marked by continuous innovation and crossdisciplinary *** an enlighting conversation with Light:Science&Applications,*** May Lau,a pioneer in photonics research,shares her deep insights on the evolution of technologies of LEDs,lasers,challenges of hetero-epitaxy,and the future of micro-LEDs and quantum dot *** honored as a member of the US National Academy of Engineering(NAE)for her significant contributions to photonics and electronics using III-V semiconductors on silicon,*** stands out as the sole Hong Kong scholar inducted into the NAE this year,joining 114 new and 21 international *** this exclusive Light People interview,*** shares her journey as a pioneering woman in engineering,her commitment to mentorship and academia,and her perspective on advancing female representation in *** summary provided is distilled from ***’s thoughtful responses during the *** a deeper exploration of ***’s experiences and advice,the full interview is available in the Supplementary material.

关键词： interview lighting driving

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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria--alleviators of abiotic stresses in soil: A review

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Pedosphere 2020年第1期30卷 40-61页

作者： Madhurankhi GOSWAMI Suresh DEKA Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory Resource Management and Environment SectionLife Sciences DivisionInstitute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology(IASST)Guwahati Assam 781035(India)

With the continuous increase in human population,there is widespread usage of chemical fertilizers that are responsible for introducing abiotic stresses in agricultural crop *** stresses are major constraints for crop yield and global food security and therefore require an immediate *** implementation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)into the agricultural production system can be a profitable alternative because of its efficiency in plant growth regulation and abiotic stress *** bacteria have the potential to promote plant growth and to aid in the management of plant diseases and abiotic stresses in the soil through production of bacterial phytohormones and associated metabolites as well as through significant root morphological *** changes result in improved plant-water relations and nutritional status in plants and stimulate plants’defensive mechanisms to overcome unfavorable environmental ***,we describe the significance of plant-microbe interactions,highlighting the role of PGPR,bacterial phytohormones,and bacterial metabolites in relieving abiotic environmental stress in *** research is necessary to gather in-depth knowledge on PGPR-associated mechanisms and plant-microbe interactions in order to pave a way for field-scale application of beneficial rhizobacteria,with the aim of building a healthy and sustainable agricultural ***,this review aims to emphasize the role of PGPR in growth promotion and management of abiotic soil stress with the goal of developing an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for future agricultural sustainability.

关键词： phytohormones plant-microbe interaction root colonization root morphological change secondary metabolites stress alleviation stress tolerance

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Formation and Characterization of Ceramic Nanocomposite Crystalline Coatings on Aluminium by Anodization

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 595-602页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali V.Raj School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk 712-749South Korea Advanced Materials research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar UniversitySalem 636 011Tamil NaduIndia

Ceramic nanocomposite coatings have been synthesized on aluminium by using lithium sulphate electrolyte with zirconium silicate additive by anodization. The effects of current density （CD） on microhardness, structure, composition and surface topography of the oxide layer formed at various CDs （0.1-0.25 A/cm^2） have been studied. Crystalline coatings formed at 0.25 A/cm^2 have been （width 95 nm） observed with a relatively uniform distribution confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the average microhardness value of ceramic nanocomposite coatings fabricated from lithium sulphate-zirconium silicate bath is approximately 8.5 times higher than that of the as-received aluminium. The surface statistics of the coatings is discussed in detail to explain the roughness and related parameters for better understanding. These observations demonstrate the importance of surface statistics in controlling the morphology of the coatings and its properties. From the X-ray diffraction investigations, it can be concluded that the formed nanocomposite coatings are crystalline in nature and that the crystallinity of the coatings decreases with increasing applied current density.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Coatings Alumina Aluminium

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Formation and Surface Structural Features of Crystalline Ceramic Nanocomposite Coatings on Aluminium Using Lithium Sulphate with Silicate Additive

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2014年第2期27卷 185-197页

作者： M.Mubarak Ali V.Raj Department of Chemistry Chikkaiah Naicker College Advanced Materials research Laboratory Department of ChemistryPeriyar University

We have synthesized a series of the ceramic coatings by anodization of aluminium using lithium sulphate and sodium silicate additive. Our experiments show that the present coatings are nanocomposites in nature, consisting of a mixture of nanocrystalline alumina, silica, aluminium silicate and mullite; the formation of alumina was similar to conventional anodizing technology, while the formation of mullite was attributed to an addition of sodium silicate. The microhardness of the coatings progressively increased with the increasing current density up to 0.2 A/cm2, which could mainly be attributed to the decrease of porosity in the interfacial region of the oxides up to the range. From the performance of the coatings against corrosion （Tafel/Nyquist plots）, it was inferred that the coatings fabricated by lithium sulphatesodium silicate bath have enhanced corrosion resistance （Rp = 3.12 kΩ）, as well as better microhardness value than that of the lithium sulphate bath alone （Rp = 660.96 Ω） which confirm the perception that the silica particles included in the anodized alumina matrices randomly. Presence of Al, Si and O indicated that the electrolyte components had been intensively incorporated into the coatings.

关键词： Anodization Nanocomposite Ceramic Lithium sulphate

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The landscape epidemiology of echinococcoses

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 107-119页

作者： Angela M.Cadavid Restrepo Yu Rong Yang Donald P.McManus Darren J.Gray Patrick Giraudoux Tamsin S.Barnes Gail M.Williams Ricardo J.Soares Magalhães Nicholas A.S.Hamm Archie C.A.Clements research School of Population Health The Australian National UniversityCanberraNew South WalesAustralia Ningxia Medical University YinchuanNingxia Hui Autonomous RegionP.R.China Molecular Parasitology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Chrono-environment lab UMR6249University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRSBesançonFrance Institut Universitaire de France ParisFrance The University of Queensland School of Veterinary ScienceGattonQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationGattonQueenslandAustralia School of Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Child Health research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Echinococcoses are parasitic diseases of major public health importance *** infection results in chronic disease with poor prognosis and serious medical,social and economic consequences for vulnerable *** to recent estimates,the geographical distribution of Echinococcus *** is expanding and becoming an emerging and re-emerging problem in several regions of the *** endemicity is geographically heterogeneous and over time it may be affected by global environmental ***,landscape epidemiology offers a unique opportunity to quantify and predict the ecological risk of infection at multiple spatial and temporal ***,we review the most relevant environmental sources of spatial variation in human echinococcosis risk,and describe the potential applications of landscape epidemiological studies to characterise the current patterns of parasite transmission across natural and human-altered *** advocate future work promoting the use of this approach as a support tool for decision-making that facilitates the design,implementation and monitoring of spatially targeted interventions to reduce the burden of human echinococcoses in disease-endemic areas.

关键词： Landscape epidemiology Helminth infection Human echinococcosis Echinococcus spp Environmental change Geographic information systems Remote sensing Geostatistics

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Familial aggregation of esophageal cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第21期136卷 2644-2646页

作者： Shuai Li John LHopper Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneCarltonVIC 3053Australia Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB18RNUK Precision Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Murdoch Children’s research Institute Royal Children’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3051Australia

Esophageal cancer has a substantial health burden in China,especially in the northern *** family history has been found to be associated with esophageal cancer risk,some quantitative aspects of the association remain unclear or imprecise,including the age-specific magnitude of familial aggregation,the risks associated with the number and type of affected relatives,and how the familial risk combines with other known risk factors.

关键词： esophageal cancer aggregation

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CCR5A32 mutation does not influence the susceptibility to HCV infection, severity of liver disease and response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第29期12卷 4721-4726页

作者： Ankur Goyal PV Suneetha GT Kumar Deepak K Shukla Naveen Arora Shiv K Sarin Department of Gastroenterology G.B.Pant Hospital New DelhiInstitute of Genomic and Integrative Biology(Formerly CBT)Mall RoadDelhiDr.Ambedkar Center for Biomedical ResearchUniversity of DelhiIndia Department of Gastroenterology G.B.Pant Hospital New DelhiIndia Division of Non-communicable Disease Indian Council of Medical research Ansari NagarNew DelhiIndia Institute of Genomic and Integrative Biology (Formerly CBT) Mall RoadDelhiIndia

AIM： To study whether CCR5△32 mutation was associated with viral infection and severity of liver disease. METHODS： Two hundred and fifty two histologically proven, chronic HCV patients （mean age： 41±14 years; M/F： 164/88） were genotyped. PCR based genotyping of 32 bp deletion at the CCR5 locus was done. Fourhundred and eight matched healthy controls were studied to assess susceptibility to HCV infection. To assess correlation of immune gene polymorphism with severity of HCV related liver disease, patients with chronic HCV infection were divided into those with a fibrosis score of ≤ 2 （mild） or 〉 2 （severe） and histological activity index （HAI） of ≤ 5 or 〉 5. For correlation between CCR5△32 mutations and response to therapy, 129 patients who completed therapy were evaluated. RESULTS： The majority （89.4%） of the patients were infected with genotype 3. The frequency of homozygous CCR5△32 mutants was comparable to HCV patients as compared to the healthy controls （0.7% vs 0%, P = 0.1）. Further more, the frequency of CCR5△32 mutation was comparable in patients with mild or severe liver disease.（P = NS）. There was also no association observed with response to therapy and CCR5△32 mutation. CONCLUSION： CCR5△32 mutation does not have a role in disease susceptibility, severity or response to therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

关键词： β-chemokine receptor 32 bp deletion CCchemokine ligand Human leukocyte antigen Histologicalactivity index

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Nanofiltration for drinking water treatment: a review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2022年第5期16卷 681-698页

作者： Hao Guo Xianhui Li Wulin Yang Zhikan Yao Ying Mei Lu Elfa Peng Zhe Yang Senlin Shao Chuyang Y.Tang Membrane-based Environmental&Sustainable Technology(MembEST)Group Department of Civil EngineeringThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering Advanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China School of Civil Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

In recent decades,nanofiltration(NF)is considered as a promising separation technique to produce drinking water from different types of water *** this paper,we comprehensively reviewed the progress of NFbased drinking water treatment,through summarizing the development of materials/fabrication and applications of NF membranes in various scenarios including surface water treatment,groundwater treatment,water reuse,brackish water treatment,and point of use *** not only summarized the removal of target major pollutants(e.g.,hardness,pathogen,and natural organic matter),but also paid attention to the removal of micropollutants of major concern(e.g.,disinfection byproducts,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances,and arsenic).We highlighted that,for different applications,fit-for-purpose design is needed to improve the separation capability for target compounds of NF membranes in addition to their removal of *** and perspectives on membrane fouling control,chlorine resistance,integrity,and selectivity are also discussed to provide potential insights for future development of high-efficiency NF membranes for stable and reliable drinking water treatment.

关键词： nanofiltration drinking water disinfection byproducts micropollutants selectivity

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