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Artificial neural network models predicting the leaf area index:a case study in pure even-aged Crimean pine forests from turkey

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 400-411页

作者： ilker Ercanli Alkan Gunlu Muammer Senyurt Sedat Keles Faculty of Forestry Cankin Karatekin University18200 CankiriTurkey

Background: Leaf Area Index(LAI) is an important parameter used in monitoring and modeling of forest ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate performance of the artificial neural network(ANN) models to predict the LAI by comparing the regression analysis models as the classical method in these pure and even-aged Crimean pine forest ***: One hundred eight temporary sample plots were collected from Crimean pine forest stands to estimate stand parameters. Each sample plot was imaged with hemispherical photographs to detect the LAI. The partial correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between the stand LAI values and stand parameters, and the multivariate linear regression analysis was used to predict the LAI from stand parameters. Different artificial neural network models comprising different number of neuron and transfer functions were trained and used to predict the LAI of forest ***: The correlation coefficients between LAI and stand parameters(stand number of trees, basal area, the quadratic mean diameter, stand density and stand age) were significant at the level of 0.01. The stand age, number of trees, site index, and basal area were independent parameters in the most successful regression model predicted LAI values using stand parameters(R_(adj)~2=0.5431). As corresponding method to predict the interactions between the stand LAI values and stand parameters, the neural network architecture based on the RBF 4-19-1 with Gaussian activation function in hidden layer and the identity activation function in output layer performed better in predicting LAI(SSE(12.1040), MSE(0.1223), RMSE(0.3497), AIC(0.1040), BIC(-77.7310) and R^2(0.6392)) compared to the other studied ***: The ANN outperformed the multivariate regression techniques in predicting LAI from stand parameters. The ANN models, developed in this study, may aid in making forest management planning in study forest stands.

关键词： Leaf area index Multivariate linear regression model Artificial neural network modeling Crimean pine Stand parameters

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Development of ecoregion-based merchantable volume systems for Pinus brutia Ten. and Pinus nigra Arnold. in southern turkey

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第1期27卷 101-117页

作者： Ramazan Ozcelik Yasin Karatepe Nevzat Gurlevik Isabel Canellas Felipe Crecente-Campo Faculty of Forestry Suleyman Demirel UniversityEast Campus32260 IspartaTurkey Centro de Investigacion Forestal(CIFOR) Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA)Crta.de la Corufia km 7.528040 MadridSpain CERNA ingeniería Medioambiental S.L.P.c/Ourense 541°B27004 LugoSpain

Estimating individual tree volume is one of the essential building blocks in forest growth and yield models. Ecologically based taper equations provide accurate vol- ume predictions and allow classification by mer- chantable sizes, assisting in sustainable forest management. In the present study, ecoregion-based compatible volume systems for brutian pine and black pine in the three ecoregions of southern turkey were developed. Several well-known taper functions were evaluated. A second- order continuous-time autoregressive error structure was used to correct the inherent autocorrelation in the hierar- chical data, allowing the model to be applied to irregularly spaced and unbalanced data. The compatible segmented model of Fang et al. （For Sci 46：1-12, 2000） best described the experimental data. It is therefore recommended for estimating diameter at a specific height, height to a specific diameter, merchantable volume, and total volume for the three ecoregions and two species analyzed. The nonlinearextra sum of squares method indicated differences in ecoregion and tree-specific taper functions. A different taper function should therefore be used for each pine spe- cies and ecoregion in southern turkey. Using ecoregion- specific taper equations allows making more robust esti- mations and, therefore, will enhance the accuracy of diameter at different heights and volume predictions.

关键词： Taper function Segmented model Brutianpine Black pine. Ecoregion Pinaceae

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Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Safranbolu Formation(Cuisian,Eocene),Northwest Anatolia,turkey

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第1期9卷 21-41页

作者： Kubra Okur Hatice Kutluk Department of Geology Eskisehir Osmangazi UniversityBati Meselik26480 EskisehirTurkey

Twenty-one outcrop samples collected from a 28-m-thick section from the Safranbolu Formation of the southwestern part of the Safranbolu Basin,Anatolia,turkey yielded well-preserved benthic foraminifera belonging mainly to the genera Alveolina,Nummulites,Assilina,Rotalia,Disclocyclina and *** is the most diversified genus that is represented by sixteen species:Alveolina archiaci,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,***,*** gueroli,***,***,*** and *** safranboluensis and *** are described *** of the fossil assemblage with those assemblages previously reported from both turkey and other Tethyan sub-basins revealed that the deposition occurred during the Cuisian(Eocene)and corresponded to Shallow Benthic Foraminiferal Zones(SBFZ)10–*** abundance and diversity of the larger benthic foraminifera indicated that the Safranbolu Formation was deposited under transgressive conditions.

关键词： Eocene Cuisian Safranbolu Formation Benthic foraminifera Alveolina Northwest Anatolia

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Soil chronosequence and biosequence on old lake sediments of the Burdur Lake in turkey

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Pedosphere 2021年第6期31卷 882-891页

作者： Gafur GOZUKARA Yakun ZHANG Alfred EHARTEMINK Sevda ALTUNBAS Mustafa SARI Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Eskisehir Osmangazi UniversityEskisehir 26160(Turkey) Department of Soil Science FD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison 53706(USA) Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Akdeniz UniversityAntalya 07059(Turkey)

The Burdur Lake is located in the southwest of turkey,and its area has decreased by 40% from 211 km^(2) in 1975 to 126 km^(2) in *** this study,we investigated how the soil has changed in the lacustrine *** soil profiles were sampled from the former lakebed(chronosequence profiles:P1,2007;P2,1994;and P3,1975),and three soil profiles under different land use types(biosequence profiles:P4,native forest vegetation;P5,agriculture;and P6,lakebed)were *** chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles represented various distances from the Burdur Lake and showed different stages of lacustrine *** electrical conductivity(EC;18.1 to 0.4 dS m^(-1)),exchangeable Na^(+)(34.7 to 1.4 cmol kg^(-1))and K^(+)(0.61 to 0.56 cmol kg^(-1)),and water-soluble Cl^(-)(70.3 to 2.1 cmol L^(-1))and SO_(4)^(2-)(275.9 to 25.0 cmol L^(-1))decreased with increasing distance from the Burdur Lake,whereas the A horizon thickness(10 to 48 cm),structure formation(0 to 48 cm),gleization-oxidation depth(0 to 79 cm),and montmorillonite and organic matter(OM;25.9 to 46.0 g kg^(-1))contents increased in the chronosequence soil *** formation of P3 in the chronosequence and P5 in the biosequence soil profiles increased due to longer exposure to pedogenic processes(time,land use,vegetation,etc.).Changes in EC,exchangeable cation(Na^(+) and K^(+))and water-soluble anion(Cl^(-) and SO_(4)^(2-))concentrations of the salt-enriched horizon,OM,gleization-oxidation depth,A horizon thickness,and structure formation of the chronosequence and biosequence soil profiles(especially the topsoil horizon)were highly related to the distance from the Burdur Lake,time,and land use.

关键词： biosequence soil profile chronosequence soil profile lacustrine material lakebed soil formation

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Seasonal Variation of Cumulative CO_2 Emission from a Vertisol Under Apricot Orchard in Semi-Arid Southeast turkey

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Pedosphere 2012年第3期22卷 322-332页

作者： G.YILMAZ Department of Environmental Engineering Harran UniversityS anliurfa 63100 (Turkey)

Understanding the factors affecting the CO 2 emission from agricultural practices is crucial for global warming.A study was performed in an apricot orchard field in the experimental farm of the Harran University,Southeast turkey,to i) quantify weekly and seasonal variations of the CO 2 emissions from a Vertisol under apricot orchard;ii) evaluate the difference in CO 2 emission between the area under trees and rows;and iii) assess the relationships between the amounts of CO 2 emissions and environmental parameters for better use and management of the soils from the view point of carbon balance and flux in a semi-arid environment under drip *** CO 2 emission measurements were performed during May 2008 and May 2010,from both under tree crowns (CO 2-UC) and between tree rows (CO 2-BR),on a weekly basis in southeast turkey with a semi-arid *** 2 emissions were statistically correlated with weather and soil parameters such as air temperature,relative humidity,rainfall,soil water content,and soil temperature at various depths from 5 to 100 *** weekly emissions ranged from 82 to 1 110 kg CO 2 ha 1 week 1 and from 96 to 782 kg CO 2 ha 1 week 1 in CO 2-UC and CO 2-BR,*** in CO 2 emission in the second year was due to increases in mean air and soil *** weekly and monthly cumulative CO 2 emissions were positively correlated with the air and soil *** linear regression analysis explained 35% and 83% variations in average weekly and monthly CO 2 emissions,by using meteorological *** the interaction effects of meteorological parameters in regression equations nearly doubled the variance explained by the regression *** to stepwise regression analysis,soil and air temperatures were found to have the most significant impact on the temporal variability of the soil CO 2 emission.

关键词： global warming meteorological data plowing soil temperature stepwise regression

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The nature of transition from adakitic to non-adakitic magmatism in a slab window setting:A synthesis from the eastern Pontides,NE turkey

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第4期4卷 353-375页

作者： Yener Eyuboglu M.Santosh Francis O.Dudas Enver Akaryali Sun-Lin Chung Kemal Akdag Osman Bektas Department of Geological Engineering.Karadeniz Technical University School of Earth Sciences and Resources.China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Department of Earth.Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Geological Engineering.Gumushane University Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University

The eastern Pontides orogenic belt provides a window into continental arc magmatism in the Alpine-Himalayan belt. The late Mesozoic-Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of this belt remains controversial. Here we focus on the nature of the transition from the adakitic to non-adakitic magmatism in the Kale area of Gumushane region in NE turkey where this transition is best preserved. The adakitic lithologies comprise porphyries and hyaloclastites. The porphyries are represented by biotite-rich andesites, hornblende-rich andesite and dacite. The hayaloclastites represent the final stage of adakitic activity and they were generated by eruption/intrusion of adakitic andesitic magma into soft carbonate mud. The non-adakitic lithologies include basaltic-andesitic volcanic and associated pyroclastic rocks. Both rock groups are cutting by basaltic dikes representing the final stage of the Cenozoic magmatism in the study area. We report zircon U-Pb ages of 48.71 ± 0.74 Ma for the adakitic rocks, and 44.68 ± 0.84 Ma for the non-adakitic type, suggesting that there is no significant time gap during the transition from adakitic to non-adakitic magmatism. We evaluate the origin, magma processes and tectonic setting of the magmatism in the southern part of the eastern Pontides orogenic belt. Our results have important bearing on the late Mesozoic-Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the eastern Mediter- ranean region.

关键词： AdakiteGeochemistryZircon U-Pb geochronologyMagma tectonicsEastern Pontides

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Genetic gains in wheat in turkey:Winter wheat for irrigated conditions

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The Crop Journal 2015年第6期3卷 507-516页

作者： Nurberdy Gummadov Mesut Keser Beyhan Akin Mustafa Cakmak Zafer Mert Seyfi Taner Irfan Ozturk Ali Topal Selami Yazar Alexey Morgounov International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas(ICARDA) Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute Field Crops Central Research Institute Bahri Dagdas International Agricultural Research Institute Trakya Agricultural Research Institute Selcuk University Faculty of Agriculture

The study estimated genetic gain for yield and other traits in winter wheat released for irrigated environments in turkey from 1963 to 2004. Yield trials including 14 varieties were grown in 16 environments from 2008 to 2012 in provinces of Konya, Eski?ehir, Ankara, and Edirne. The highest yields were achieved by recent varieties Kinaci-97(5.48 t ha^(-1)),Cetinel-2000(5.39 t ha^(-1)), Alpu-2001(5.44 t ha^(-1)), Ahmetaga(5.35 t ha^(-1)), and Ekiz-2004(5.42 t ha^(-1)) compared to older varieties Yektay-406(4.17 t ha^(-1)) and Bezostaya-1(4.27 t ha^(-1))released in the 1960 s. The progress reached in grain yield in 20 years was 1.16 t ha^(-1)or58 kg ha^(-1)(1.37%) per year. This gain was mainly achieved through shorter plant height and increased harvest index. There was no clear tendency of changes in specific yield components demonstrating that new high-yielding varieties may have different ways to reach their yield potentials. The yield gains were accompanied by improved stripe rust and leaf rust resistances primarily based on adult plant resistance genes. The grain quality of the new varieties did not deteriorate over time although most of them were inferior to the bread-making quality check Bezostaya-1, a feature that may require attention in future breeding.

关键词： Bread wheat Yield potential Reduced plant height Irrigated environment

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Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Study of Groundwater in a Semi-arid Region： Yeniceoba Plain (Cihanbeyli-KONYA), Central Anatolia,turkey

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第1期90卷 230-241页

作者： Ayla BOZDAG Guler GOGMEZ Department of Geological Engineering Selcuk University 42079 Konya Turkey

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in the Yeniceoba Plain in Central Anatolia, turkey. An understanding of the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for the sustainable development of water resources in this region. A hydrogeochemical investigation was conducted in the Plio-Quaternary aquifer system using stable isotopes （δ^18O and JD）, tritium （3H）, major and minor elements （Ca, Na, K, Mg, C1, SO4, NO3, HCO3 and Br） in order to identify groundwater chemistry patterns and the processes affecting groundwater mineralization in this system. The chemical data reveal that the chemical composition of groundwater in this aquifer system is mainly controlled by rock/water interactions including dissolution of evaporitic minerals, weathering of silicates, precipitation/dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange, and evaporation. Based on the values of C1/Br ratio （〉 300 mg/l） in the Plio-Quaternary groundwater, dissolution of evaporitic minerals in aquifer contributes significantly to the high mineralization. The stable isotope analyses indicate that the groundwater in the system was influenced by evaporation of rainfall during infiltration. Low tritium values （generally 〈1 tritium units） of groundwater reflect a minor contribution of recent recharge and groundwater residence times of more than three or four decades.

关键词： hydrochemistry stable isotopes tritium Yeniceoba Plain Central Anatolia

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Late Pleistocene Calcretes from Central Anatolia(Lakes Eymir and Mogan, G?lba?? Basin): Comparison to Quaternary Calcretes from turkey

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第5期27卷 874-882页

作者： Ceren Kücükuysal Mugla Sitki Kocman University Engineering Faculty Department of Geological Engineering Kotekli 48000 Turkey

This study is the first to report the radiocarbon ages, mineralogical, morphological, geochemical and stable isotope compositions of calcretes from Neogene sediments around lakes Eymir and Mogan in the G？lba？？ Basin of Central Anatolia. Morphologically different forms of calcretes in the G？lba？？ Basin include powdery, nodular, fracture infill, laminar and hardpan types. Calcite is the dominant mineral of calcrete compositions; the diagnostic features of dessication cracks, random fractures, Mn O linings and dense sparitic infillings are observed. Chemical analyses show arid conditions with mean annual precipitation of 〈50 mm. δ13C compositions of the calcretes range from-6.77‰ to-9.32‰ PDB, typical for most pedogenic calcretes, reflecting the development under seasonally arid climates and C3-dominated vegetation cover. δ18O values are between-5.57‰ and-7.80‰ PDB, indicating the formation from meteoric water in a vadose zone environment. The results suggest that the Middle Pleistocene was arider and warmer, favouring the formation of palygorskite in association with the different forms of calcrete occurrences, whereas the Late Pleistocene was dryer and cooler, supporting the development of calcretes.

关键词： calcrete micromorphology stable isotopes mineralogy Central Anatolia.

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Evolution of Can-Etili(Canakkale-NW turkey) lignite basin:Sedimentology,petrology,palynology and lignite characterization

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2015年第3期30卷 190-207页

作者： Mustafa Bozcu Funda Akgün Gülbin Gürdal Ayse Bozcu Sevin Kapan Yesilyurt znur Karaca M.Serkan Akkiraz Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Engineering FacultyDepartment of Geological Engineering Dokuz Eylül University Engineering Faculty.Department of Geological Engineering Dumlupmar University Engineering FacultyDepartment of Geological Engineering

This study examines the development and sedimentology of Can-Etili lignite basin in Biga Peninsula(NW turkey) along with the palynologic and petrographic properties of the coals in this *** CanEtili lignite basin discordantly overlies Oligocene-aged Can *** basin consists of caldera type sedimentation developed by the combined effects of volcanism and *** volcanic rocks forming the basement of the basin consist of andesitic,dacitic and basaltic lava flows as well as agglomerates,tuff and silicified tuffs,and kaolin which is their alteration *** basement volcanic rocks cooled from high potassium and calc-alkaline *** trace element geochemistry of different rocks within the volcanics reveals that they are from a volcanic *** Can Formation contains lignites and consists of6 lithofacies representing alluvial,fluvial,marsh and lacustrine *** lithofacies are the lower volcanogenic conglomerate,the claystone,the lignite,the laminated organic claystone,the tuff intercalated sandstone-siltstone and the upper volcanogenic *** lignite in the basin is limnic and is formed in a non-fluvial marsh and marsh-lake *** abundant percentage of vegetation(Engelhardia,Sapotaceae,Cyrillaceae) is compatible with temperate and subtropical climatic conditions in the basin during sedimentation of *** coals of Can-Etili basin are humic with high sulfur content(6-6.5%average) mostly containing huminite compounds belonging to the class of lignitelow bituminous(C-A) *** coalification rank is between 0.38%and 0.56%*** coals are formed in limnic-limnotelmatic marsh zones based on their microlithotype *** inorganic components of the coal mostly consist of pyrite and *** trace elements,As,Th,U and V,are higher than international coal *** coal quality is adversely affected by high sulfur content and sulfur driven trace element *** lignite reserve(possible-proved)

关键词： Can-Etili basin(NW turkey) Lignite Can formation Sedimentology Palinology

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