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Enhancing Cybersecurity Competency in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A Fuzzy Decision-Making Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3211-3237页

作者： Wajdi Alhakami Department of Information Technology College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA)has achieved significant milestones in *** has maintained solid regulatorymechanisms to prevent,trace,and punish offenders to protect the interests of both individual users and organizations from the online threats of data poaching and *** widespread usage of Information Technology(IT)and IT Enable Services(ITES)reinforces *** constantly evolving cyber threats are a topic that is generating a lot of *** this league,the present article enlists a broad perspective on how cybercrime is developing in KSA at present and also takes a look at some of the most significant attacks that have taken place in the *** existing legislative framework and measures in the KSA are geared toward deterring criminal activity *** competency models have been devised to address the necessary cybercrime competencies in this *** research specialists in this domain can benefit more by developing a master competency level for achieving optimum *** address this research query,the present assessment uses the Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(Fuzzy-DMTAEL),Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(***),and Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology to achieve segment-wise competency development in cyber security *** similarities and differences between the three methods are also *** cybersecurity analysis determined that the National Cyber Security Centre got the highest *** study concludes by perusing the challenges that still need to be examined and resolved in effectuating more credible and efficacious online security mechanisms to offer amoreempowered ITES-driven economy for ***,cybersecurity specialists and policymakers need to collate their efforts to protect the country’s digital assets in the era of overt and covert cyber warfare.

关键词： Cyber security fuzzy DMTAEL security policy cyber crime MCDM

Magneto-Photo-Thermoelastic Excitation Rotating Semiconductor Medium Based on Moisture Diffusivity

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 107-126页

作者： Khaled Lotfy A.M.S.Mahdy Alaa A.El-Bary E.S.Elidy Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceTaibah UniversityMadinah42353Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif11099Saudi Arabia Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime TransportAlexandria1029Egypt

In this research,we focus on the free-surface deformation of a one-dimensional elastic semiconductor medium as a function of magnetic field and moisture *** problem aims to analyze the interconnection between plasma and moisture diffusivity processes,as well as thermo-elastic *** study examines the photothermoelasticity transport process while considering the impact of moisture *** employing Laplace’s transformation technique,we derive the governing equations of the photo-thermo-elastic *** equations include the equations for carrier density,elastic waves,moisture transport,heat conduction,and constitutive *** stresses,thermal conditions,and plasma boundary conditions are used to calculate the fundamental physical parameters in the Laplace *** employing numerical techniques,the Laplace transform is inverted to get complete time-domain solutions for the primary physical domains under ***,thermoelastic,and thermoelectric characteristics are employed in conjunction with a graphical analysis that takes into consideration the effects of applied forces on displacement,moisture concentration,carrier density,stress due to forces,and temperature distribution.

关键词： Moisture diffusivity semiconductor photothermoelastic rotation thermomechanical waves laplace transform

Physical Layer Security of 6G Vehicular Networks with UAV Systems:First Order Secrecy Metrics,Optimization,and Bounds

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 3685-3711页

作者： Sagar Kavaiya Hiren Mewada Sagarkumar Patel Dharmendra Chauhan Faris A.Almalki Hana Mohammed Mujlid Smt.Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Applications Charotar University of Science and TechnologyChangaAnand388421India Electrical Engineering Department Prince Mohammad Bin Fahad UniversityP.O.Box 1664Al Khobar31952Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Chandubhai S.Patel Institute of TechnologyCharotar University of Science and TechnologyChangaAnand388421India Department of Computer Engineering College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The mobility and connective capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are becoming more and more important in defense,commercial,and research ***,their open communication makes UAVs susceptible toundesirablepassive attacks suchas eavesdroppingor ***,the inefficiencyof traditional cryptography-based techniques has led to the addition of Physical Layer Security(PLS).This study focuses on the advanced PLS method for passive eavesdropping in UAV-aided vehicular environments,proposing a solution to complement the conventional cryptography ***,we present a performance analysis of first-order secrecy metrics in 6G-enabled UAV systems,namely hybrid outage probability(HOP)and secrecy outage probability(SOP)over 2×2 Nakagami-m ***,we propose a novel technique for mitigating passive eavesdropping,which considers first-order secrecy metrics as an optimization problem and determines their lower and upper ***,we conduct an analysis of bounded HOP and SOP using the interactive Nakagami-m channel,considering the multiple-input-multiple-output configuration of the UAV *** findings indicate that 2×2 Nakagami-mis a suitable fadingmodel under constant velocity for trustworthy receivers and *** results indicate that UAV mobility has some influence on an eavesdropper’s intrusion during line-of-sight-enabled communication and can play an important role in improving security against passive eavesdroppers.

关键词： Physical layer security 3D positioning 6G communications UAV systems

RPL-Based IoT Networks under Decreased Rank Attack:Performance Analysis in Static and Mobile Environments

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 227-247页

作者： Amal Hkiri Mouna Karmani Omar Ben Bahri Ahmed Mohammed Murayr Fawaz Hassan Alasmari Mohsen Machhout Physic Department Electronics and Micro-Electronics LaboratoryFaculty of Sciences of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia Department of Science and Technology College of RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

The RPL(IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)protocol is essential for efficient communi-cation within the Internet of Things(IoT)*** its significance,RPL’s susceptibility to attacks remains a *** paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the decreased rank attack in both static andmobilenetwork *** employ the Random Direction Mobility Model(RDM)for mobile scenarios within the Cooja *** systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics,including Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR),Average End to End Delay(AE2ED),throughput,Expected Transmission Count(ETX),and Average Power Consumption(APC).Our findings illuminate the disruptive impact of this attack on the routing hierarchy,resulting in decreased PDR and throughput,increased AE2ED,ETX,and *** results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT ***,our study emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios,highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.

关键词： RPL decreased rank attacks mobility random direction model

Evaluating the Efficacy of Latent Variables in Mitigating Data Poisoning Attacks in the Context of Bayesian Networks:An Empirical Study

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1635-1654页

作者： Shahad Alzahrani Hatim Alsuwat Emad Alsuwat Independent Researcher Specializing in Data Security and Privacy Taif26571Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SystemsUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24382Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif26571Saudi Arabia

Bayesian networks are a powerful class of graphical decision models used to represent causal relationships among ***,the reliability and integrity of learned Bayesian network models are highly dependent on the quality of incoming data *** of the primary challenges with Bayesian networks is their vulnerability to adversarial data poisoning attacks,wherein malicious data is injected into the training dataset to negatively influence the Bayesian network models and impair their *** this research paper,we propose an efficient framework for detecting data poisoning attacks against Bayesian network structure learning *** framework utilizes latent variables to quantify the amount of belief between every two nodes in each causal model over *** use our innovative methodology to tackle an important issue with data poisoning assaults in the context of Bayesian *** regard to four different forms of data poisoning attacks,we specifically aim to strengthen the security and dependability of Bayesian network structure learning techniques,such as the PC *** doing this,we explore the complexity of this area and offer workablemethods for identifying and reducing these sneaky ***,our research investigates one particular use case,the“Visit to Asia Network.”The practical consequences of using uncertainty as a way to spot cases of data poisoning are explored in this inquiry,which is of utmost *** results demonstrate the promising efficacy of latent variables in detecting and mitigating the threat of data poisoning ***,our proposed latent-based framework proves to be sensitive in detecting malicious data poisoning attacks in the context of stream data.

关键词： Bayesian networks data poisoning attacks latent variables structure learning algorithms adversarial attacks

The Impact of Network Topologies and Radio Duty Cycle Mechanisms on the RPL Routing Protocol Power Consumption

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 1835-1854页

作者： Amal Hkiri Hamzah Faraj Omar Ben Bahri Mouna Karmani Sami Alqurashi Mohsen Machhout Physic Department Electronics and Micro-Electronics LaboratoryFaculty of Sciences of MonastirMonastir5000Tunisia Department of Science and Technology College of RanyahTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Things(IoT)has witnessed a significant surge in adoption,particularly through the utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),which comprise small internet-connected *** deployments span various environments and offer a multitude of ***,the widespread use of battery-powered devices introduces challenges due to their limited hardware resources and communication *** response to this,the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)has developed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)to address the unique requirements of such *** the critical role of RPL in maintaining high performance,this paper proposes a novel approach to optimizing power ***,it introduces a developed sensor motes topology integrated with a Radio Duty Cycling(RDC)mechanism aimed at minimizing power *** rigorous analysis,the paper evaluates the power efficiency of this approach through several simulations conducted across different network topologies,including random,linear,tree,and elliptical ***,three distinct RDC mechanisms—CXMAC,ContikiMAC,and NullRDC—are investigated to assess their impact on power *** findings of the study,based on a comprehensive and deep analysis of the simulated results,highlight the efficiency of ContikiMAC in power *** research contributes valuable insights into enhancing the energy efficiency of RPL-based IoT networks,ultimately facilitating their widespread deployment and usability in diverse environments.

关键词： WSN IoT radio duty cycles topologies

Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate Can Enhance Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1819-1838页

作者： Bushra Rehman Asma Zulfiqar Houneida Attia Rehana Sardar Muneera A.Saleh Khalid H.Alamer Ibtisam M.Alsudays Faisal Mehmood Qamar uz Zaman Institute of Botany University of the PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Emerson UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabigh21911Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceQassim UniversityBurydah52571Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant development and productivity and influences agricultural *** priming is a technique used to boost germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress.A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming with potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))at various levels(0%,0.50%,1.00%and 1.50%)under salt stress(0,75,100 mM NaCl)on two maize verities(MNH360 and 30T60)for the growth,development and metabolic attributes results revealed that in maize variety MNH360,KNO_(3)priming’s significantly enhanced growth parameters than in maize variety 30T60 under control and salt-stressed *** with KNO_(3)enhanced carotenoids and total chlorophyll in the 30T60 variety that protected the maize plants from salt ***,it was shown that priming with 1.00%KNO_(3)acts as safeguarded to protect them from oxidative damage by salt stress minimizing reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation through increased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and total soluble *** findings of the present study confirm that the use of the KNO_(3)seed priming technique is a lowcost,environmentally friendly technique for mitigating adverse impacts of salt stress in maize crops by activating the antioxidant defense system and improving chlorophyll and osmolyte contents.

关键词： Salinity Zea mays antioxidant enzymes growth seedlings oxidative damage

A New Scheme of the ARA Transform for Solving Fractional-Order Waves-Like Equations Involving Variable Coefficients

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工程与科学中的计算机建模(英文) 2024年第1期138卷 761-791页

作者： Yu-Ming Chu Sobia Sultana Shazia Karim Saima Rashid Mohammed Shaaf Alharthi Department of Mathematics Huzhou UniversityHuzhou313000China Department of Mathematics Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadh11461Saudi Arabia Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities UET LahoreFaisalabad Campus54800Pakistan Department of Mathematics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable ***-transform is a robust and highly flexible generalization that unifies several existing *** key concept behind this method is to create approximate series outcomes by implementing the ARA-transform and Taylor’s *** process of finding approximations for dynamical fractional-order PDEs is challenging,but the ARA-residual power series technique magnifies this challenge by articulating the solution in a series pattern and then determining the series coefficients by employing the residual component and the limit at infinity *** approach is effective and useful for solving a massive class of fractional-order *** appealing implementations are taken into consideration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the projected technique in creating solitary series findings for the governing equations with variable ***,several visualizations are drawn for different fractional-order *** that,the estimated findings by the proposed technique are in close agreement with the exact ***,statistical analyses further validate the efficacy,dependability and steady interconnectivity of the suggested ARA-residue power series approach.

关键词： ARA-transform Caputo fractional derivative residue-power seriesmethod analytical solutions statistical analysis

Deep Learning Based Signal Detection for Quadrature Spatial Modulation System

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China Communications 2024年第10期 78-85页

作者： Shu Dingyun Peng Yuyang Yue Ming Fawaz AL-Hazemi Mohammad Meraj Mirza School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Department of Computer and Network Engineering University of Jeddah Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information Technology Taif University

With the development of communication systems, modulation methods are becoming more and more diverse. Among them, quadrature spatial modulation(QSM) is considered as one method with less capacity and high efficiency. In QSM, the traditional signal detection methods sometimes are unable to meet the actual requirement of low complexity of the system. Therefore, this paper proposes a signal detection scheme for QSM systems using deep learning to solve the complexity problem. Results from the simulations show that the bit error rate performance of the proposed deep learning-based detector is better than that of the zero-forcing(ZF) and minimum mean square error(MMSE) detectors, and similar to the maximum likelihood(ML) detector. Moreover, the proposed method requires less processing time than ZF, MMSE,and ML.

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