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Foliar persistence and residual activity of methoxyfenozide against beet armyworm （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 734-742页

作者： Omar-Ulises Aguirre Ana-Mabel Martinez Jesus Campos-Garcia Luis-Antonio Hernaindez Jose-Isaac Figueroa Philippe Lobit Elisa Vinuela Juan-Manuel Chavarrieta Guy Smagghe Samuel Pineda Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Michoacan Instituto de Investigaciones Quimico Biologicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Edif. B-3 Ciudad Universitaria CP 58030 Morelia Michoacan Mexico Proteccion de Cultivos Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieros Agronomos Madrid E-28040 Spain Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent B-9000 Belgium

A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the persistence of methoxyfenozide in pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） foliage. An aqueous suspension of methoxyfenozide was sprayed on pepper plants at concentrations of 72 and 144 mg of active ingredient （a.i.）/L. Foliage was collected at different intervals of time （0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 days） after the treatment, and the methoxyfenozide residue was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The foliage was also used in bioas- says to determine the residual toxicity on and the consumption rate of the third-instar larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua （Htibner）（Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）. The methoxyfenozide concentrations observed after 50 days had decreased to 19 and 69μg/g per sample, corresponding to a loss of 61% and 28% from the application concentrations of 72 and 144 mg a.i./L, respectively. When fitting a first-order kinetics degradation model, the half-life （DT50） of this compound was 76 days. Both application concentrations of methoxyfenozide caused a high mortality rate （〉97%） when the larvae were fed the pepper foliage collected at all of the time intervals. Lastly, at all of the time points, the consumption rate by the larvae was reduced to between 57% and 92% for both concentrations that were bioassayed. Our results indicate that, under the present greenhouse conditions, the degradation of methoxyfenozide was slower than that reported by other authors and that its residues were highly toxic to S. exigua larvae. The implications of these results for the management programs of this pest are discussed.

关键词： consumption rate foliar persistence methoxyfenozide residue residualactivity Spodoptera exigua

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Effects of Plant Residue Decomposition on Soil N Availability,Microbial Biomass and β-Glucosidase Activity During Soil Fertility Improvement in Ghana

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 608-618页

作者： Samuel T. PARTEY Robert B. Z0UGM0RE Naresh V. THEVATHASAN Richard F. PREZIOSI CGI AR CCAFS West Africa ProgramInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Bamako B.P. Box 320 (Mali) School of Environmental Sciences University of GuelphGuelph NIG 2W1 (Canada) Faculty of Life Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PL (UK)

With limited use of inorganic fertilizers on smallholder farms,plant residues could be viable alternatives for soil fertility *** study was conducted to determine how residue quality and decomposition of nine plant species influence soil N availability,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity during soil fertility *** differences in N concentration were found among the species,ranging from 12.2 g kg-1 in Zea mays to 39.2 g kg-1 in Baphia *** C/N ratio was the highest in ***(34.4),whereas lignin and polyphenol concentrations were the greatest in Acacia *** highest decomposition rate(0.251%per day)occurred in Tithonia diversifolia,and the lowest in ***,Albizia zygia,***,and ***,with the half-lives of 28-56 *** 80%and 89%of N,P,K,Ca,and Mg were released from *** in 7 d,compared with over 70%retention in ***,***,and *** decomposition and nutrient release half-lives of Gliricidia sepium,Leucaena leucocephala,Azadirachta indica,and Senna spectabilis were less than 14 *** mineral N,microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity increased under all treatments,with *** having the greatest *** N mineralization occurred in all of the species throughout the experiment,an initial N immobilization was recorded in the ***,***,***,and *** treatments for up to 14 *** and nutrient release rates,mineral N,soil microbial biomass,andβ-glucosidase activity were dependent on residue quality,and P and lignin levels,the lignin/N ratio,and the(lignin+polyphenol)/N ratio had the most significant effects(P≤0.05).

关键词： leguminous species litter quality microbial activity N mineralization nutrient release organic matter

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Capacity estimation and preliminary strategy for reducing the release of dioxins in China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2007年第1期1卷 13-17页

作者： YU Gang ZHANG Qing HUANG Jun CAI Zhenxiao SUI Qian POPs Research Center Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

As a party of the stockholm Convention on Per-sistent Organic Pollutants,China must submit its national implementation plan(NIP)for this *** strategy and action plan for reducing the release of dioxins in China are the most important components of the *** prob-lems are key points for developing such strategy and action plan-what are the key sources for applying the best avail-able technology/best environmental practice(BAT/BEP)to reduce the release of dioxins?How about the capacity for reducing the dioxins release from the key sources?Where are the areas of priority for applying BAT/BEP?This paper shows the efforts towards the solution of these *** list of key sources covering about half of the total dioxins release was determined considering four *** capacity of key sources were estimated based on the difference between the emission factor corresponding to the actual situation in 2004 and that corresponding to the scenario that all key sources have been applied BAT/BEP to reduce the dioxins *** priority analysis using the geographical information system(GIS)tool has revealed that eastern provinces should be of high priority in the future reduction activities of dioxins release in China.

关键词： dioxins reduction capacity,priority

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Exploratory study on bitumen content determination for foamed bitumen mixes based on porosity and indirect tensile strength

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第2期4卷 131-144页

作者： May Namutebi Bjorn Birgisson Alvaro Guarin Denis Jelagin Division of Highway and Railway Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Optimum bitumen content determination is one of the major aims for foamed bitumen mix design. However, mix design procedures for foamed bitumen mixes are still under development. In this paper a method to determine the optimum bitumen content for given foamed bitumen mix based on primary aggregate structure porosity and indirect tensile strength criterion is proposed. Using packing theory concepts, the aggregate gradation is divided into three aggregate structures which are oversize, primary and secondary struc- tures. Porosity for the primary aggregate structure is determined for given bitumen contents. A maximum value for porosity of 50% for the primary aggregate structure is used to choose initial bitumen content. Furthermore, a minimum indirect tensile strength criteria is suggested to refine this bitumen content. This method enables a bitumen content value to be chosen prior to the start of experimental work, as porosity is expressed in terms of physical parameters such as aggregate and binder specific gravity, and aggregate gradation which are known before the mix design process. The bitumen content is then later refined when the indirect tensile strength is determined in the laboratory. This method would reduce resources such as time and materials that may be required during the mix design procedure.

关键词： Foamed bitumen Bitumen content Aggregate Porosity Gradation framework Indirect tensile strength

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Mass transfer of an organophosphate flame retardant between product source and dust in direct contact

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Emerging Contaminants 2017年第3期3卷 115-120页

作者： Ioannis Liagkouridis Borislav Lazarov Georgios Giovanoulis Ian T.Cousins Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry(ACES) Stockholm UniversitySE 10691StockholmSweden Environmental Risk and Health Unit VITOBoeretang 2002400MolBelgium IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute P.O.Box21060SE 10031StockholmSweden

Organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs)are a group of semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs)and among the most abundant contaminants *** indoor presence has been associated with potential health risks however there is limited understanding as to how they are released from indoor *** study uses an emission micro-chamber to explore one of the currently understudied chemical migration pathways;direct transfer between a source material and settled dust in contact with the source.A tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate(TCIPP)-treated insulation board is used as the source *** and substantial transfer was observed after only 8 h of source-dust contact,resulting in 80 times higher concentrations in dust compared to pre-experiment *** time points at 24 h and 7 d showed similarly high average dust levels and the TCIPP in the dust and air in the chamber was calculated to be close to thermodynamic *** was concluded that TCIPP was effectively transferred from the insulation board to the dust on its surface and the surrounding air via gas-phase *** a real room,a gradient of TCIPP concentrations in air above the surface of a product could result in higher concentrations in dust sitting on the product than dust in the rest of the room.

关键词： OPFRs Source-to-dust transfer Indoor dust TCIPP Micro-chamber Air-dust equilibrium

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 50-59页

作者： Konstantin Svechnikov Jan-Bernd Stukenborg Iuliia Savchuck Olle Sider Department of Women's and Children's Health Paediatric Endocrinology Unit Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital Stockholm Sweden

During the past few decades, scientific evidence has been accumulated concerning the possible adverse effects of the exposure to environmental chemicals on the well-being of wildlife and human populations. One large and growing group of such compounds of anthropogenic or natural origin is referred to as endocrine-disrupting chemicals （EDCs）, due to their deleterious action on the endocrine system. This concern was first focused on the control of reproductive function particularly in males, but has later been expanded to include all possible endocrine functions. The present review describes the underlying physiology behind the cascade of developmental events that occur during sexual differentiation of males and the specific role of androgen in the masculinization process and proper organogenesis of the external male genitalia. The impact of the genetic background, environmental exposures and lifestyle factors in the etiology of hypospadias, cryptorchidism and testicular cancer are reviewed and the possible role of EDCs in the development of these reproductive disorders is discussed critically. Finally, the possible direct and programming effects of exposures in utero to widely use therapeutic compounds, environmental estrogens and other chemicals on the incidence of reproductive abnormalities and poor semen quality in humans are also highlighted.

关键词： endocrine disrupters male (in)fertility reproductive disorders testis testicular steroidogenesis

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Systematics of the avian family Alaudidae using multilocus and genomic data

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Avian Research 2023年第2期14卷 137-152页

作者： Per Alstrom Zeinolabedin Mohammadi Erik D.Enbody Martin Irestedt Derek Engelbrecht Pierre-Andre Crochet Alban Guillaumet Loïs Rancilhac B.Irene Tieleman Urban Olsson Paul F.Donald Martin Stervander Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsEvolutionary Biology CentreUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DSE-75236UppsalaSweden Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesGolestan UniversityGorganGolestanIran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology Uppsala University75123UppsalaSweden Department of Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz95060Santa CruzCAUSA Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryP.O.Box 50007SE-10405StockholmSweden Department of Biodiversity University of LimpopoPrivate Bag X1106Sovenga0727South Africa CEFE CNRSUniv MontpellierEPHEIRDMontpellierFrance Department of Biological&Environmental Sciences Troy UniversityTroyAL36082USA Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenthe Netherlands Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgP.O.Box 463SE-40530GothenburgSweden Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre P.O.Box 461SE-40530GothenburgSweden BirdLife International The David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StCambridgeCB23QZUK Department of Zoology University of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB23EJUK Bird Group Natural History MuseumAkeman StreetTringHertfordshireHP236APUnited Kingdom

The family Alaudidae,larks,comprises 93-100 species(depending on taxonomy)that are widely distributed across Africa and Eurasia,with single species extending their ranges to North and northernmost South America and Australia.A decade-old molecular phylogeny,comprising~80%of the species,revealed multiple cases of parallel evolution and large variation in rates of morphological evolution,which had misled taxonomists into creating many non-monophyletic ***,we reconstruct the phylogeny of the larks,using a dataset covering one mitochondrial and 16 nuclear loci and comprising all except one of the currently recognised species as well as several recently proposed new species(in total 133 taxa;not all loci available for all species).We provide additional support using genome-wide markers to infer a genus-level phylogeny based on near-complete generic sampling(in total 51 samples of 44 taxa across 40 species).Our results confirm the previous findings of rampant morphological convergence and divergence,and reveal new cases of paraphyletic *** propose a new subfamily classification,and also that the genus Mirafra is divided into four genera to produce a more balanced generic classification of the *** study supports recently proposed species splits as well as some recent lumps,while also questioning some of the *** comprehensive phylogeny will form an important basis for future studies,such as comparative studies of lark natural history,ecology,evolution and conservation.

关键词： Phylogeny Phylogenomics Multispecies coalescent Lark Paraphyly Taxonomy Subfamily description

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Control of malaria and other vector-borne protozoan diseases in the tropics: enduring challenges despite considerable progress and achievements

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： Denis Zofou Raymond B Nyasa Dickson S Nsagha Fidele Ntie-Kang Henry D Meriki Jules Clement N Assob Victor Kuete Biotechnology Unit Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon CEPAMOQ Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 8580DoualaCameroon Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre Department of ChemistryUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon Department of Biochemistry University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon

Vector-borne protozoan diseases represent a serious public health challenge,especially in the tropics where poverty together with vector-favorable climates are the aggravating *** of the various strategies currently employed to face these scourges is seriously *** enormous efforts,vaccines-which represent the ideal weapon against these parasitic diseases—are yet to be sufficiently developed and *** and vector control are therefore the sole effective attempts to minimize the disease ***,both strategies are also highly challenged by the phenomenon of drug and insecticide resistance,which affects virtually all interventions currently *** recently growing support from international organizations and governments of some endemic countries is warmly welcome,and should be optimally exploited in the various approaches to drug and insecticide research and development to overcome the burden of these prevalent diseases,especially malaria,leishmaniasis,Human African Trypanosomiasis(HAT),and Chagas disease.

关键词： Malaria Vector-borne protozoan diseases African trypanosomiasis Chagas disease Leishmaniasis Vector control Chemotherapy Vaccine development

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Determination of Hydroxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Blood from Baltic Grey Seals

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第4期3卷 287-294页

作者： Dennis Lindqvist Lillemor Asplund Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry Stockholm University10691 StockholmSweden

Naturally produced hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers(OH-PBDEs)have been extensively studied in the lower end of the Baltic Sea food *** OH-PBDE congeners have displayed increasing concentrations over the last 30 years in herring(Clupea harengus)from the Baltic ***,studies on the top carnivores in the Baltic Sea are *** data on OH-PBDEs exist for ringed seal(Pusa hispida)from the Gulf of Bothnia,but only a limited amount of data have been produced with regard to Baltic grey seal(Halichoerus grypus),and seals from the Baltic proper.A method was developed and evaluated for quantification of OH-PBDEs in coagulated whole *** method was applied on blood obtained from dead grey seals originating from different parts of the Baltic *** levels of OH-PBDEs were observed to be low in the analyzed seals in comparison with reported levels in white-tailed sea eagle nestlings(Halizeetus albicilla),and some Baltic fish *** levels of the dominant congener,6-OH-BDE47,were statistically significantly higher in seals from the Baltic proper than in seals from the Gulf of *** polychlorinated biphenyls(OH-PCBs)were observed to be of much higher concentration than the OH-PBDEs in the analyzed *** average concentration of the dominant OH-PCB congener,4-OH-CB107,was one order of magnitude greater than that of 6-OH-BDE47.

关键词： Phenols OH-PBDEs Seal Blood Analysis Analytical methods

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An experimental study on pile scour mitigating measures under waves and currents

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2015年第6期58卷 1031-1045页

作者： LIANG SenDong ZHANG YongLiang YANG James State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Hydraulic Engineering Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate effects of four flow-altering scour countermeasures placed around a foundation pile under currents only as well as under coexisting waves and currents. The countermeasures are sacrificial piles, downstream bed sill, sleeve and slot in the pile. Their arrangements follow the suggested optimal configurations, with some of them slightly modified. In terms of the evolution of scour depth and bed topography around the pile, the scour countermeasures are evaluated, subjected to steady currents with or without irregular waves. A comparison between maximum scour depth with the countermeasures and one without the countermeasures demonstrates the efficiency of countermeasures. All the tested scour measures reduce the scour depth by 17.6%–42.6% under the action of currents only and 5.8%–24.0% under the combined action of both currents and waves. The results also show that it takes a shorter time for the scour depth to reach its equilibrium with the measures under either coexisting currents and waves or currents only than ones without the measures.

关键词：最大冲刷深度实验研究堆海流海浪下游河床最佳配置不规则波

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