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Quantum NETwork: from theory to practice

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 103-147页

作者： kun FANG Jingtian ZHAO Xiufan LI Yifei LI Runyao DUAN Institute for Quantum Computing Baidu Research

The quantum internet is envisioned as the ultimate stage of the quantum revolution, which surpasses its classical counterpart in various aspects, such as the efficiency of data transmission, the security of network services, and the capability of information processing. Given its disruptive impact on the national security and the digital economy, a global race to build scalable quantum networks has already begun. With the joint effort of national governments, industrial participants, and research institutes, the development of quantum networks has advanced rapidly in recent years, bringing the first primitive quantum networks within reach. In this work, we aim to provide an up-to-date review of the field of quantum networks from both theoretical and experimental perspectives, contributing to a better understanding of the building blocks required for the establishment of a global quantum internet. We also introduce a newly developed quantum network toolkit to facilitate the exploration and evaluation of innovative ideas. Particularly, it provides dual quantum computing engines, supporting simulations in both the quantum circuit and measurement-based models. It also includes a compilation scheme for mapping quantum network protocols onto quantum circuits,enabling their emulations on real-world quantum hardware devices. We showcase the power of this toolkit with several featured demonstrations, including a simulation of the Micius quantum satellite experiment, a testing of a four-layer quantum network architecture with resource management, and a quantum emulation of the CHSH game. We hope this work can give a better understanding of the state-of-the-art development of quantum networks and provide the necessary tools to make further contributions along the way.

关键词： quantum network quantum internet quantum network architecture quantum network protocol quantum network simulation quantum software toolkit

Positioning of grid points in wave front construction

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Applied Geophysics 2009年第3期6卷 248-258,300页

作者： Han Fuxing Sun Jianguo Sun Zhangqing Yang Hao College for Geoexploration Science Technology Jilin University Changchun 130026 Laboratory for Integrated Geophysical Interpretation Theory of Ministry for Land and Resources Changchun 130026 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development China Beijing 100083

In view of the relative positioning problem between non-regular quadrilateral grids and regular rectangle grid nodes in the wave front construction method, concrete realization problems with four grid positioning methods （vector cross product judgment, angle sum, intersection-point, and signs comparison algorithms） in wave front construction which are commonly used in computer graphics are compared and analyzed in this paper. Based on the stability analysis of the location method, the calculation examples show that the vector cross product judgment method is faster and more accurate than other methods in the realization of the relative positioning between non-regular quadrilateral grids and regular rectangle grid nodes in wave front construction. It provides precise grid point attribute values for the next steps of migration and demigration.

关键词： wave front construction grid localization grid nodes wave front quadrilateral

Time course degeneration and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mer-knockout mice

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Chinese Medical Journal 2010年第7期123卷 949-953页

作者： LIANG Xiao-ying wang Huai-zhou wang Ning-li Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China Department of Ophthalmology Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100029 China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Laboratory Beijing 100730 China

Background Muller cells in the mammalian retina normally express low levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）; however, its expression is upregulated in response to the loss of retinal neurons. The change in expression of GFAP is one of the earliest indicators of retinal damage and is correlated with the time course of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of degeneration and the expression of GFAP in the retina of mer knockout mice. Methods A total of 30 mer knockout mice, aged from 15-20 days to 1 year and 32 age-matched wild type mice as controls were tested. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the expression of GFAP in the central and peripheral retina of mer knockout and control mice at postnatal age of 15 days （P15d）, 20 days （P20d）, 4 weeks （P4w）, 6 weeks （P6w）, 8 weeks （P8w）, 3 months （P3m）, 6 months （P6m） and 1 years （P1y）.Results The expression of GFAP in the central and peripheral retina of wild type mice was limited to the retinal ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. In the central retina of mer knockout mice, GFAP expression was upregulated at P4w and GFAP immunolabelling penetrates across the entire thickness of the retina at P8w; whereas in the peripheral retina, the GFAP expression was upregulated at P20d and GFAP immunolabelling penetrates the entire retina after P4w. Conclusions Increased expression of GFAP in Muller cells of mer knockout mice occur at P20d in the peripheral retina and P4w in the central retina. GFAP expression in Muller cells appears to be a secondary response to the loss of retinal neurons. Increased expression of GFAP may occur prior to any detectable morphological changes in the retina. This study suggests that the loss of retinal neurons may begin in the early stages of retinitis pigmentosa, prior to the discovery of any morphological changes in the retina.

关键词： glial fibrillary acidic protein retinal degeneration mer retinitis pigmentosa

Deep appearance modeling:A survey

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Visual Informatics 2019年第2期3卷 59-68页

作者： Yue Dong Microsoft Research Asia T2 Microsoft Building5th Danling StreetBeijingChina

Appearance modeling is an essential task in computer graphics for capturing and reproducing rich appearance of real world materials under different lighting and viewing *** recent advances of deep learning techniques,a set of deep learning based approaches have been proposed for improving the efficiency and result quality of appearance *** this paper,we provide a survey of these deep appearance modeling techniques from both graphics and machine learning perspectives,and discuss the challenges and opportunities along this direction.

关键词： Appearance modeling Surface reflectance Reflectance field Light field

Butterfly-wing hierarchical metallic glassy nanostructure for surface enhanced Raman scattering

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Nano Research 2019年第11期12卷 2808-2814页

作者： Hongyu Jiang Jing Li Chengrong Cao Xiaozhi Liu Ming Liu Yutian Shen Yanhui Liu Qinghua Zhang Weihua wang Lin Gu Baoan Sun Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan523808China

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)is a technique for the detection of analytes on the surface with an ultrahigh sensitivity down to the atomic-scale,yet the fabrication of SERS materials such as nanoparticles or arrays of coinage metals often involve multiple complex steps with the high cost and pollution,largely limiting the application of ***,we report a complex hierarchical metallic glassy(MG)nanostructure by simply replicating the surface microstructure of butterfly wings through vapor deposition *** MG nanostructure displays an excellent SERS effect and moreover,a superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning *** SERS effect of the MG nanostructure is attributed to the intrinsic nanoscale structural heterogeneities on the MG surface,which provides a large number of hotspots for the localized electromagnetic field enhancement affirmed by the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)*** works show that the MG could be a new potential SERS material with low cost and good durability,well extending the functional application of this kind of material.

关键词： metallic glassy structural heterogeneities surface enhanced Raman scattering superhydrophobicity butterfly wing

Coset Structure of Spin Group

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2007年第6期47卷 987-994页

作者： wang Na WU Ke School of Mathematical Science Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Key Laboratory of Mathematics Mechanization The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

This article considers One example is also given to take a the coset structure closer look at what of spin group via analyzing the expression of its representation. the coset and the subgroup are.

关键词： spin group group representation coset structure

Genetic relationships of introduced Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata populations in Xinjiang, China

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 643-654页

作者： Jing-Jie Zhang Juan Yang Ying-Chao Li Ning Liu Run-Zhi Zhang Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing College of Agriculture Guangxi University Nanning Beijing Forestry University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The Colorado potato beetle （CPB）, Leptinotarsa decemlineata （Say）, is an infamous invasive species worldwide that aggressively attacks potato and other Solanaceae crops. CPB was first found in China in 1993 and has since spread across 2.77 × 105 km2 in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. To better understand genetic variation and migration patterns, we used seven polymorphic microsatellite loci to elucidate the genetic relationships and gene flow among 10 CPB populations across Xinjiang. （i） Overall low levels of genetic diversity were detected on the entire population in Xinjiang but most of the diversity was retained among populations during invasion. （ii） The mean pairwise FST was low （0.071 ± 0.043） among populations. The genetic differentiation was little （pairwise FST 0.038 ± 0.016） between the five interior populations （Wusu, Urumqi, Jimsar, Qitai and Mulei） and Tacheng population. The six populations might come from the same genetic group via Bayesian clustering and were closely related on a neighbor-joining tree. Combining the history data, the five interior populations may have originated from Tacheng. （iii） Gene flow was frequent, especially among the five interior populations. Individuals from the interior populations could be assigned to Tacheng at higher probabilities （means 0.518 ± 0.127） than vice versa （means 0.328 ± 0.074）, suggesting that the beetle population has spread from the border to the interior in Xinjiang.

关键词： China Colorado potato beetle genetic variation invasive pest Leptinotarsa decemlineata Xinjiang

Rapid evaluation of heterologous chimeric RBD-dimer mRNA vaccine for currently-epidemic Omicron sub-variants as booster shot after inactivated vaccine

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Biosafety and Health 2023年第2期5卷 89-100页

作者： Qian Chen Pei Du Yuxuan Han Xuehui Ma Rong Zhang Xiaoyu Rong Xu Zhao Renyi Ma Huiting Yang Anqi Zheng Qingrui Huang Jinghua Yan Hui wang Xin Zhao Lianpan Dai George F.Gao Qihui wang Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited Beijing 100176China

With continuous mutations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the severe immune escape of Omicron sub-variants urges the development of next-generation broad-spectrum vaccines,especially as booster jabs after high-level vaccination coverage of inactivated vaccines in China and many other ***,we developed a coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)protein subunit vaccine ZF2001?based on the tandem homo-prototype receptor-binding domain(RBD)-dimer of the SARS-CoV-2 spike *** upgraded the antigen into a hetero-chimeric prototype(PT)-Beta or Delta-BA.1 RBD-dimer to broaden the cross-protection efficacy and prove its efficiency with protein subunit and mRNA vaccine ***,we further explored the hetero-chimeric RBD-dimer mRNA vaccines and evaluated their broad-spectrum activities as booster jabs following two doses of inactivated vaccine(Ⅳ)in *** data demonstrated that the chi-meric vaccines significantly boosted neutralizing antibody levels and specific T-cell responses against the vari-ants,and PT-Beta was superior to Delta-BA.1 RBD as a booster in mice,shedding light on the antigen design for the next-generation COVID-19 vaccines.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 RBD-dimer mRNA Vaccine Broad-spectrum Omicron BA.5

Taxonomy and phylogeny of dematiaceous coelomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第2期77卷 1-316页

作者： Nalin N.Wijayawardene Kevin D.Hyde Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Moslem Papizadeh Ishani D.Goonasekara Erio Camporesi D.Jayarama Bhat Eric H.C.McKenzie Alan J.L.Phillips Paul Diederich Kazuaki Tanaka Wen Jing Li Narumon Tangthirasunun Rungtiwa Phookamsak Dong-Qin Dai Asha J.Dissanayake Gothamie Weerakoon Sajeewa S.N.Maharachchikumbura Akira Hashimoto Misato Matsumura Ali HBahkali Yong wang Department of Plant Pathology Agriculture CollegeGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025People’s Republic of China School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201People’s Republic of China World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Microorganisms Bank Iranian Biological Resource Center(IBRC)Academic Center for EducationCulture and Research(ACECR)TehranIran A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese Antonio CicognaniVia Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.B.Circolo Micologico Giovanni CariniC.P.314BresciaItaly Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144BagnacavalloRAItaly No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha 403108India Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Faculty of Sciences Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)University of LisbonCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Musée national d’histoire naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science Hirosaki University3 Bunkyo-choHirosakiAomori 036-8561Japan Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain(LIED) UniversitéParis Diderot5 rue Thomas-MannParis 75013France Guizhou Key Laboratory Agro-Bioengineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou 550025People’s Republic of China Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University Guiyang 550025People’s Republic of China Scientific Affiliate Integrative Research CenterScience&EducationThe Field MuseumChicagoILUSA Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesXiaohe DistrictGuiyang CityGuizhou Province 550006People’s R

t Coelomycetous fungi are an artificial taxonomic group which produce conidia inside a cavity *** comprise about,1000 genera and 7000 species,which can be endophytic,pathogenic or *** classification of coelomycetes was previously based on morphology,such as the shape of conidiomata and mode of conidiogenesis,while it was treated as a distinct group *** based taxonomic studies has been used to accommodate asexual fungi in a natural classification system,resolve generic boundaries of polyphyletic genera and species complexes,as well as establish asexual-sexual ***,most of genera lack sequence data,thus,morphology based identification is still important when introducing new genera or *** this paper we illustrate,describe,and provide taxonomic notes for 235 dematiaceous coelomycetous genera,including five new genera ***,Didymellocamarosporium,Melanocamarosporium,Melnikia and *** analyses of combined sequence data are provided to show placements of dematiaceous coelomycetes in Dothideomycetes,Leotiomycetes and ***-hundred and fifty-two(65%)of genera have sequence data,thus,their taxonomic placement in a natural classification system,is listed as an ***,83 genera still lack sequence data,hence,they are treated as Ascomycota,genera incertae *** addition,separate analyses are provided where better taxonomic resolution is needed.

关键词： Asexual fungi Conidiogenesis Morphology Multi-gene analyses