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Determination of estrogenic activity in the river Chienti(Marche Region, italy) by using in vivo and in vitro bioassays

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 48-53页

作者： Paolo Cocci Francesco Alessandro Palermo Luana Quassinti Massimo Bramucci Antonino Miano Gilberto Mosconi School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine University of Camerino School of Pharmacy University of Camerino

Environmental estrogen-like compounds（i.e. xenoestrogens） are a variety of pollutants,ranging from synthetic to natural occurring molecules, that are found in surface and waste waters over a wide range of concentrations. In aquatic environment, the overall estrogenic activity is often due to the presence of a mixture of chemicals and their degraded products which can induce synergistic effects. Current strategies for monitoring estrogen-like chemicals are based on the use of a battery of in vivo and in vitro ecotoxicological tests. In this regard, the aim of the present work was to carry out a bio-monitoring study for testing estrogenicity of the Chienti river（Marche Region, italy） by using both an E-screen and a vitellogenin（Vtg） induction assay in juvenile goldfish. Three sites were used for analysis,localized at the mouth（sampling point 1）, in the middle（sampling point 2） and at the origin（sampling point 3） of Chienti river. For most of the water samples（i.e. samples collected at sampling points 2 and 3）, clear estrogenic activity was detected in the E-screen assay suggesting different proliferation activities in function of the collecting site. In contrast, the Vtg ELISA demonstrated that water samples collected from each sampling point were estrogenic. Overall, we showed for the first time that the estrogenic activities in water samples from the Chienti river were significant in both in vivo and in vitro; we also observed a different sensitivity between bioassays.

关键词： Xenoestrogens Chienti river Bioassays E-screen Vitellogenin Carassius auratus

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Assessing and Improving Flood and Landslide Community Social Awareness and Engagement via a Web Platform:The Case of italy

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 530-540页

作者： Daniele F.Bignami Alessio Dragoni Giovanni Menduni Project Development Department Fondazione Politecnico di Milano20133 MilanItaly SciamLab S.r.l 00193 RomeItaly Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Politecnico di Milano20133 MilanItaly

italy is significantly affected by ever-present flood and landslide risks and has experienced many disasters. Local social awareness and engagement, however,differ and need to be increased by decision makers and citizens through improvements in risk preparedness. With this aim, the #italiasicura web platform was developed by Fondazione Politecnico di Milano and released in 2015 to show country to local level hazard maps and risk reduction projects in italy. Any stage of the user experience with the platform can be shared via social media. Using this tool, an awareness-oriented web analytics process was structured to develop a set of indicators for the increase of knowledge linked to flood and landslide hazards. In so doing, it is possible to measure community disaster awareness actions and competence in the area of hazard knowledge. This article presents the results obtained by using data from the platform.

关键词： Community disaster risk awareness Disaster risk reduction Hazard knowledge indicators italy Risk reduction Web platform

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A Damage Scenario for the 2012 Northern italy Earthquakes and Estimation of the Economic Losses to Residential Buildings

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 326-341页

作者： Fabrizio Meroni Thea Squarcina Vera Pessina Mario Locati Marco Modica Roberto Zoboli Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia(INGV) Sezione di MilanoVia Bassini 15MilanItaly Istituto di Ricerca sulla Crescita Economica Sostenibile(IRCrES) Via Corti1220131 MilanItaly

In May 2012 a seismic sequence occurred in Northern italy that was characterized by two main shocks with a magnitude range between 5.5 and 6. These shocks represent a good case study by which to quantify the monetary losses caused by a moderate earthquake in a densely populated and economically well-developed *** loss estimation accounts for damage to residential buildings, and considers the full effect of all the seismic aftershock events that lasted for nearly a month. The building damage estimation is based on the European Macroseismic Scale(EMS-98) definitions, which depict the effects of an earthquake on built-up areas in terms of observed intensities. Input data sources are the residential building census provided by Istituto Nazionale di Statistica—the Italian National Institute of Statistics(ISTAT)—and the official market value of real estate assets, obtained from the Osservatorio del Mercato Immobiliare—the Real Estate Market Observatory(OMI). These data make it possible to quantify the economic losses due to earthquakes, an economic indicator updated yearly. The proposed multidisciplinary method takes advantage of seismic,engineering, and economic data sets, and is able to provide a reasonable after the event losses scenario. Data are not gathered for each single building and the intensity values are not a simple hazard indicator, but, notwithstanding its coarseness, this method ensures both robust and reproducible results. As the local property value is availablethroughout the Italian territory, the present loss assessment can be effortlessly repeated for any area, and may be quickly reproduced in case of future events, or used for predictive economic estimations.

关键词： Earthquake damage Economic losses EMS-98 intensity Northern italy 20 May 2012 earthquake

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Evaluation of the potential exposure of butterflies to genetically modified maize pollen in protected areas in italy

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 549-561页

作者： Salvatore Arpaia Ferdinando Baldacchino Sara Bosi Giovanni Burgio Simona Errico Rosaria Alessandra Magarelli Antonio Masetti Salvatore Santorsola ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development Research Centre Trisaia Rotondella (MT) Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna Bologna Italy

Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops are mandatorily assessed during their premarket phase. One of the areas of concern is the possible impact on nontar- get organisms. Crops expressing Cry toxins might affect Lepidoptera larvae living outside cultivated fields, through pollen deposition on wild plants, which constitute their food source. While pollen toxicity varies among different events, possible exposure ofnontarget species depends on the agro-environmental conditions. This study was conducted in two protected areas in italy, characterized by different climatic conditions, where many Lepi- doptera species thrive in proximity to maize cultivations. To estimate the possible exposure in absence of the actual stressor （e.g., Cryl-expressing maize plants）, we conducted a two-year field survey of butterflies and weeds. Indicator species were selected--Aglais （Inachis） io in the Northern site and Vanessa cardui in the Southern site--and their phe- nology was investigated. Pollen dispersal from maize fields was measured by collection in Petri dishes. Duration and frequency of exposure was defined by the overlap between pollen emission and presence of larvae on host plants. Different risk scenarios are expected in the two regions： highest exposure is foreseen forA. io in the Northern site, while minimal exposure is estimated for V. cardui in the Southern site. In the latter case, locally grown maize cultivars flower in mid-summer in coincidence with an aestivation period for several butterfly species due to hot and dry conditions. Moreover, host plants of V. cardui are at the end of their life cycle thus limiting food availability.

关键词： environmental risk assessment exposure assessment genetically modified plants Lepidoptera nontarget organisms receiving environment

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Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Reduced CH4 Emissions but Triggered N2O Peaks in a Clayey Soil of Central italy

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 533-548页

作者： Alessandra LAGOMARSINO Alessandro Elio AGNELLI Bruce LINQUIST Maria Arlene ADVIENTO-BORBE Alberto AGNELLI Giacomo GAVINA Stefano RAVAGLIA Rossana Monica FERRARA Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria centro di ricerca per l'Agro Biologia e la Pedologia 50121 Firenze Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari e Ambientali Universita di Perugia 06123 Perugia Societa Italiana Sementi S. Lazzaro di Savena 40068 Bologna Consiglio per la Ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria Research Unit for Cropping Systems in Dry Environments70125 Bari

Reducing CH4 and N20 emissions from rice cropping systems while sustaining production levels with less water requires a better understanding of the key processes involved. Alternate wetting and drying （AWD） irrigation is one promising practice that has been shown to reduce CH4 emissions. However, little is known about the impact of this practice on N20 emissions, in particular under Mediterranean climate. To close this knowledge gap, we assessed how AWD influenced grain yield, fluxes and annual budgets of CH4 and N20 emissions, and global warming potential （GWP） in Italian rice systems over a 2-year period. Overall, a larger GWP was observed under AWD, as a result of high N20 emissions which offset reductions in CH4 emissions. In the first year, with 70% water reduction, the yields were reduced by 33%, CH4 emissions decreased by 97%, while N20 emissions increased by more than 5-fold under AWD as compared to PF; in the second year, with a 40% water saving, the reductions of rice yields and CH4 emissions （13% and 11%, respectively） were not significant, but N20 fluxes more than doubled. The transition from anaerobic to aerobic soil conditions resulted in the highest N20 fluxes under AWD. The duration of flooding, transition to aerobic conditions, water level above the soil surface, and the relative timing between fertilization and flooding were the main drivers affecting greenhouse gas mitigation potential under AWD and should be carefully planned through site-specific management options.

关键词： aerobic soil conditions fertilization global warming potential greenhouse gas mitigation potential water saving

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A comparative evaluation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from harness racing-horses,breeding mares and riding-horses in italy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第3期3卷 169-173页

作者： Karina Mallardo Sandra Nizza Filomena Fiorito Ugo Pagnini Luisa De Martino Department of Pathology and Animal Health Infectious Diseases SectionUniversity of Naples "Federico Ⅱ"

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci(MRS)which is a potencial risk factor of transmission between animals and humans in different types of horses(harness racing-horses,breeding mares and riding-horses)and to compare the antimicrobial resistance of the ***:A total of 191 healthy horses,housed at different locations of the Campania Region(italy),were included in the *** swab samples were collected from each nostril of the *** mecA gene was detected by a nested PCR *** susceptibility was tested for each ***:MRS was isolated from nasal samples of 68/191(35.6%;95%CI:28.9%-42.9%)healthy *** isolates were coagulase-negative with the exception of two coagulase-positive MRS strains,identified as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.2/83(2.4%;95%,CI:0.4%-9.2%).Interestingly,both coagulase-positive MRS isolates were from harness *** horses also presented a significantly higher positivity for MRS(53.3%;95%CI:40.1%-66.1%)than the breeding mares and riding-horses *** susceptibility testing showed difference between isolates due to different origins except for an almost common high resistance to aminopenicillins,such as ampicillin and ***:It can be concluded that harness racing-horses may act as a significant reservoir of MRS as compared to breeding mares and riding-horses.

关键词： Methicillin-resistant staphylococci Mares Harness racing-horse Riding-horse Nasal swabs

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Statistical and environmental analyses for the definition of a regional rainfall threshold system for landslide triggering in Tuscany （italy）

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第4期22卷 617-629页

作者： ROSI Ascanio SEGONI Samuele CATANI Filippo CASAGLI Nicola Department of Earth Science University of Florence Florence Italy

The aim of this work is the determination of regional-scale rainfall thresholds for the triggering of landslides in the Tuscany Region （italy）. The critical rainfall events related to the occurrence of 593 past landslides were characterized in terms of duration （D） and intensity （I） I and D values were plotted in a log-log diagram and a lower boundary was clearly noticeable： it was interpreted as a threshold representing the rainfall conditions associated to landsliding. That was also confirmed by a comparison with many literature thresholds, but at the same time it was clear that a similar threshold would be affected by a too large approximation to be effectively used for a regional warning system. Therefore, further analyses were performed differentiating the events on the basis of seasonality, magnitude, location, land use and lithology. None of these criteria led to discriminate among all the events different groups to be characterized by a specific and more effective threshold. This outcome could be interpreted as the demonstration that at regional scale the best results are obtained by the simplest approach, in our case an empirical black box model which accounts only for two rainfall parameters （I and D）. So a set of thresholds could be conveniently defined using a statistical approach： four thresholds corresponding to four severity levels were defined by means of the prediction interval technique and we developed a prototype warning system based on rainfall recordings or weather forecasts.

关键词： landslide threshold rainfall black box models prediction intervals

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An update on microbiological causes of canine otitis externa in Campania Region,italy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第5期6卷 384-389页

作者： Luisa De Martino Francesca Paola Nocera Karina Mallardo Sandra Nizza Eleonora Masturzo Filomena Fiorito Giuseppe Iovane Piergiorgio Catalanotti Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples "Federico II" Department of Experimental Medicine Second University of Naples

Objective: To update the recent knowledge of the microbiological causes of canine otitis externa in Campania Region(italy) and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolated ***: A total of 122 dogs were examined by otoscopy, and auricular swab samples were collected from both ears in 74 dogs presenting clinical bilateral otitis and from single ears in 48 dogs displaying clinical unilateral otitis. Cytological examination,bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were ***: Thirty-one out of 122 dogs were positive for yeast species(25.4%, 95% confidence interval(CI): 18.2%–34.2%) with a higher prevalence of Malassezia pachydermatis(21/31 isolates, 67.7%, CI: 48.5%–82.7%), and a total of 91 out of 122 dogs were positive for bacterial species(74.6%; CI: 65.8%–81.8%) with a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(45/143 isolates, 31.5%, CI: 24.1%–39.8%). These results are the first description of Streptococcus agalactiae-associated otitis. The yeasts isolated showed high levels of susceptibility to all antifungal agents tested; on the contrary all the isolated bacterial strains were highly resistant to at least four out of ten antimicrobial classes. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showed high resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and kanamycin hence they are not recommended as initial empirical therapy for the otitis ***: This update illustrates an increase in antibiotic resistances providing an insight into the current knowledge of the therapeutic procedures followed on canine otitis externa in italy. It also emphasizes the importance of considering the results of the microbiological and sensitivity tests to decide on an appropriate antibiotic therapy.

关键词： Canine otitis externa Malassezia pachydermatis Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Antimicrobial resistance

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Multi-stage rodingitization of ophiolitic bodies from Northern Apennines(italy): Constraints from petrography, geochemistry and thermodynamic modelling

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2103-2125页

作者： Emma Salvioli-Mariani Tiziano Boschetti Lorenzo Toscani Alessandra Montanini Jasmine Rita Petriglieri Danilo Bersani Department of Chemistry Life Sciences and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 157/A43124ParmaItaly Department of Chemistry University of TorinoVia Pietro Giuria10125TorinoItaly Institute of Exact and Applied Sciences Universitéde la Nouvelle CalédonieCampus de NouvilleBP R4-98851 Nouméa CedexNew CaledoniaFrance Department of Mathematical Physical and Computer SciencesUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze 7/A43124ParmaItaly

The investigated mantle bodies from the External Ligurians(Groppo di Gorro and ***)show evidences of a complex evolution determined by an early high temperature metasomatism,due to percolating melts of asthenospheric origin,and a later metasomatism at relatively high temperature by hydrothermal fluids,with formation of *** Groppo di Gorro,the serpentinization and chloritization processes obliterated totally the pyroxenite protolith,whereas at *** relics of peridotite and pyroxenite protoliths were preserved from *** rodingite parageneses consist of diopside+vesuvianite+garnet+calcite+chlorite at Groppo di Gorro and garnet+diopside+serpentine±vesuvianite±prehnite±chlorite±pumpellyite at *** inclusion measurements show that rodingitization occurred at relatively high temperatures(264-334℃ at 500 bar and 300-380℃ at 1 kbar).Garnet,the first phase of rodingite to form,consists of abundant hydrogarnet component at Groppo di Gorro,whereas it is mainly composed of grossular and andradite at *** last stage of rodingitization is characterized by the vesuvianite *** nucleation requires high Ca and low silica fluids,whereas the formation of vesuvianite does not need CO2-poor *** formation of calcite at Groppo di Gorro points to mildly oxidizing conditions compatible with hydrothermal fluids;the presence of andradite associated with serpentine and magnetite at *** suggests Fe^3+-bearing fluids with fO2 slightly higher than iron-magnetite *** propose that the formation of the studied rodingite could be related to different pulses of hydrothermal fluids mainly occurring in an oceancontinent transitional setting and,locally,in an accretionary prism associated with intra-oceanic subduction.

关键词： Rodingite Hydrothermal alteration Raman spectroscopy Thermodynamic modelling Ligurian ophiolite Northern Apennines

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Love wave tomography in italy from seismic ambient noise

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Earthquake Science 2010年第5期23卷 487-495页

作者： Hongyi Li Fabrizio Bernardi Alberto Michelini Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University ofGeosciences Beijing) Ministry of Education Beijing 100083 China School of Geophysics andlnformation Technology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Via di Vigna Murata 605 Rome 00143 Italy

We estimate Love wave empirical Green＇s functions from cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise to study the crust and uppermost mantle structure in italy. Transverse-component ambient noise data from October 2005 through March 2007 recorded at 114 seismic stations from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia （INGV） national broadband network, the Mediterranean Very Broadband Seismographic Network （MedNet） and the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics （ZAMG） yield more than 2 000 Love wave group velocity measurements using the multiple-filter analysis technique. In the short period band （5-20 s）, the cross-correlations show clearly one-sided asymmetric feature due to non-tmiform noise distribution and high local activities, and in the long period band （〉20 s） this feature becomes weak owing to more diffusive noise distribution. Based on these measurements, Love wave group velocity dispersion maps in the 8-34 s period band are constructed, then the SH wave velocity structures from the Love wave dispersions are inverted. The final results obtained from Love wave data are overall in good agreement with those from Rayleigh waves. Both Love and Rayleigh wave inversions all reveal that the Po plain basin is resolved with low velocity at shallow depth, and the Tyrrhenian sea is characterized with higher velocity below 8 km due to its thin oceanic crust.

关键词： ambient noise Love wave tomography crustal structure italy

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