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Habitat heterogeneity influences avian feeding guild composition in urban landscapes:evidence from Bhubaneswar,India

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 418-427页

作者： Bibhu Prasad Panda B.Anjan Kumar Prusty Biswajit Panda Abanti Pradhan Siba Prasad Parida environmental Sciences Department of Chemistry and BBRCITERSiksha‘O’Anusandhan(Deemed to be University)BhubaneswarOdishaIndia department of Natural Resources Management and Geoinformatics Khallikote UniversityBerhampurOdishaIndia department of Stem Cell Facility All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia department of Zoology School of Applied SciencesCenturion University of Technology and ManagementBhubaneswarOdishaIndia.

Background:Habitat heterogeneity clearly distinguished in terms of availability of food and habitat resources and landscape features(natural or human-modified)play a crucial role in the avian species composition and population *** examine this,a study was carried out in Bhubaneswar,India,to understand the ecological niche distinction in birds based on habitat *** sampling was conducted in 30 sampling sites covering six different habitat types in a predominantly urban landscape of Bhubaneswar for understanding the ecological niche in *** birds were classified into 11 types of foraging ***:The insectivorous guild had the highest bird species richness(181 species)and the omnivorous guild had the lowest(11 species).The piscivorous guild and wetland habitat had the strongest linkage,followed by the insectivorous guild and agricultural *** frugivorous guild was significantly correlated with forest habitats(r=0.386,p<0.01)and park and garden habitats(r=0.281,p<0.01).This urban area hosted a higher number of bird species in certain habitat types,viz.,agricultural lands(52%,115 species)and forest patches(50%,111 species).Conclusion:The present study highlights the importance of agricultural lands,forest patches,parks and gardens,and wetlands inside the cityscape for supporting *** is therefore suggested that such habitats should be conserved inside an urban area to protect native ***,the city development plan must invariably include strategies for conserving the forest patches inside the urban *** must be taken to restrain the degradation of agricultural lands and reduce their utilization for non-agricultural purposes,which will help in further reducing the bird population decline in the urban landscape.

关键词： Bird species richness Community structure Feeding guild Habitat characteristics Urban area

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Evaluating the Importance of environmental Variables on Spatial Distribution of Caspian cobra Naja oxiana(Eichwald, 1831) in Iran

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第2期10卷 129-138页

作者： Elmira KAZEMI Mohammad KABOLI Rasoul KHOSRAVI Nematollah KHORASANI department of environment Faculty of Natural Recources and EnvironmentScience and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran department of environmental Science Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran department of Natural Resources and environmental Engineering School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran

Over recent years, the population of Caspian cobra Naja oxiana has declined in its distribution range in Iran due to habitat destruction and overhunting. Consequently, their small and isolated populations in fragmented landscapes are facing genetic and demographic threats. Evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of Naja oxiana, identifying core habitat patches and improving landscape connectivity among the patches have a significant role in the long-term survival of the species. This study predicts the spatial distribution map of the Caspian cobra considering the factors affecting the predictive power of the distribution models, including sampling bias in presence points, correct selection of background locations, and input model parameters. The sampling bias in presence points was removed using spatial filtering. Several models were run using 19 environmental variables that eventually led to the selection of the effective habitat variables and best MaxEnt distribution model. We also used an ensemble model(EM) of habitat suitability methods to predict the potential habitats of the species. Topographical roughness, shrublands, average annual precipitation, and sparse rangeland with a density of ≤ 20% had the most effect on the spatial distribution of Caspian cobra. The evaluation of models confirmed that the EM has more predictive performance than MaxEnt in predicting the distribution of Naja oxiana.

关键词： Naja oxiana MaxEnt habitat suitability landscape connectivity distribution modelling

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Monitoring hawksbill turtle nesting sites in some protected areas from the Persian Gulf

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第12期38卷 43-51页

作者： Majid Askari Hesni Mohsen Rezaie-Atagholipour Somaye Zangiabadi Mohammad Amin Tollab Mostafa Moazeni Hosein Jafari Mohammad Talebi Matin Ghasem Ghorbanzadeh Zafarani Mahtab Shojaei Abbas Motlaghnejad Faculty of Sciences Shahid Bahonar University of KermanKerman ***Iran Qeshm environmental Conservation Institute(QECI) Qeshm Island ***Iran Marine environment Branch Bushehr Department of EnvironmentBushehr ***Iran Marine environment Branch Iranian Department of EnvironmentTehran 14155-7383Iran Research Center for environment and Sustainable Development(RCESD) Iranian Department of EnvironmentTehran 141551156Iran

Iranian nesting populations of the critically endangered hawksbill turtle(Eretmochelys imbricate) are some of the most important in the Indian Ocean. In this study, four of the most important hawksbill nesting grounds in the Persian Gulf, situated within three Iranian marine protected areas, were surveyed during nesting season,including Nakhiloo, Ommolgorm and Kharko Islands and the mainland beaches of the Naiband Marine-Coastal National Park(NMCNP). We present GIS maps of these key nesting grounds and describe sand texture of key nesting zones, along with conservation recommendations. About 9.2(28.3%) out of 32.5 km of all shores surveyed in this study were used by nesting hawksbill turtles follows: Nakhiloo: 1.4 km(52% of potential nesting area);Ommolgorm: 1.94 km(40%);Kharko: 3.4 km(28%), and NMCNP: 2.46 km(18.9%). The average nesting density was calculated as 131 nests/km at Nakhiloo, 76 nests/km at Ommolgorm, 7 nests/km at Kharko, and 15 nests per km at NMCNP. Highest nesting density was observed in Nakhiloo and Ommolgorm. It is thought that high hawksbill nesting density in these islands seems likely a result of limiting adequate nesting shores rather than the size of population, and also low density in Kharko and NMCNP more related to past and current pressures and low population density. With the exception of Ommolgorm Island, sands at the nesting grounds were well *** size indicated that female hawksbill turtles in the Iranian Persian Gulf nest in sands that are generally mixed, with mean grain size ranging from coarse sands(0.4Φ;~0.5–1 mm) to fine sands(2Φ;~0.25 mm). We provide and discuss conservation recommendations and suggestions for future.

关键词： marine protected areas marine turtles nesting sand texture GIS maps

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The small hive beetle Aethina tumida： A review of its biology and control measures

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 644-653页

作者： Andrew G. S. CUTHBERTSON Maureen E. WAKEFIELD Michelle E. POWELL Gay MARRIS Helen ANDERSON Giles E. BUDGE James J. MATHERS Lisa F.BLACKBURN Mike A. BROWN The Food and environment Research Agency Sand Hutton York YO41 1LZ UK

The small hive beetle Aethina tumida is an endemic parasitic pest and scavenger of colonies of social bees indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. In this region this species rarely inflicts severe damage on strong colonies since the bees have developed strategies to combat them. However, A. tumida has since ＇escaped＇ from its native home and has recently invaded areas such as North America and Australia where its economic impact on the apiculture industry has been significant. Small hive beetle, should it become established within Europe, represents a real and live threat to the UK bee keeping industry. Here we review the biology and current pest status of A. tumida and up to-date research in terms of both chemical and biological control used against this honey bee pest [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 644-653, 2013].

关键词： Aethina tumida Pesticides Biological control Population development Honey bees

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Hydrological alteration and biodiversity change along the river network caused by anthropogenic activities and climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 189-205页

作者： Farshid Zolfagharpour Bahram Saghafian Majid Delavar department of Civil Engineering Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran department of Water Resources Engineering Tarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran

Background:Population growth and intensified human activities in conjunction with climate variability continue to affect the hydrologic cycle,aquatic and terrestrial flora and *** this regard,understanding interactions among ecosystem functions,impacts of anthropogenic interventions and those of climate variability is vital for projecting future ecosystem responses to human activities and climate *** objectives of this study are to determine the ecological flow state via eco-flow index based on discharge hydrograph,to model the ecological diversity through the Shannon diversity index,and to assess the degree of hydrologic alteration using indicators of hydrologic alteration and range of variability approach in six hydrometric stations along the Zayandeh-Rud River in central *** river drains into Gavkhuni ***,the streamflow-induced potential changes for Capoeta damascina(a cyprinid fish species of the genus Capoeta),Petroleuciscus esfahani(a small cyprinid fish)and Aphanius isfahanensis(a Cyprinodontid fish)are *** outcome is expected to assist managers with understanding the effects of anthropogenic activities and climate variability on Gavkhuni aquatic ecosystems so that management options that enhance species resilience and adaptability are ***:Human activities,a primary factor influencing the natural flow regime,caused a significant increase in the minimum flow,July to March streamflow,low pulse number,and the number of reversals in most studied *** the contrary,some other hydrologic indices declined in *** impoundment,the most prominent factor among human interventions,resulted in an overall alteration degree of 74.8%in *** variability impacted the natural flow regime in the range of low degree hydrologic alteration(27.3%).In addition,the biodiversity of the study basin,as modeled by the Shannon diversity index,had strong relevance to the annual eco-surplus and was more sensitive

关键词： Eco-flow Shannon diversity index Human activity Indicators of hydrologic alteration Natural flow regime Range of variability Zayandeh-Rud River

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Influence of urban air pollution on the population in the Klang Valley,Malaysia:a spatial approach

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 126-141页

作者： Siti Haslina Mohd Shafie Mastura Mahmud Suzani Mohamad Nor Lita Fadilah Rameli Ramdzani Abdullah Ahmad Fariz Mohamed Centre for Research in Development Social and Environment(SEEDS)Faculty of Social Sciences and HumanitiesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangorMalaysia department of environment Faculty of Forestry and Envi-ronmentUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia Institute for environment and Development(LESTARI) Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiSelangorMalaysia.

Background:Urban air pollution resulting from economic growth as well as urbanization impacts the health of *** study aims to examine the spatial distribution of particulate matter(PM_(10))and the risk of exposure for the population in the Klang Valley,an urban conglomeration centred in Kuala Lumpur,***:The inverse distance weighted(IDW)interpolation technique in the ArcGIS platform was used to map the air quality from five air monitoring *** statistics of the Global Moran’s I Spatial Autocorrelation and Optimized Hot Spot Analysis were used to estimate the spatial clustering of PM_(10).The population-weighted exposure level(PWEL)technique was used to calculate the population density susceptible to PM_(10)and the AirQ+model was applied to estimate the proportion of the adult population at risk of chronic bronchitis due to long-term exposure to PM_(10)concentrations in the Klang ***:The highest annual mean PM_(10)concentrations at the Klang station ranged between 80 and 100μg/m^(3)from 2000 to 2009 and exceeded the New Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard(NMAAQS)and the World Health Organi-zation Air Quality Guidelines(WHOAQG)levels of 40 and 20μg/m^(3),*** Moran’s I results indicated that the statistically significant clusters of high PM_(10)in Klang present a health risk to the local *** PWEL results showed that levels of PM_(10)in Petaling Jaya exceeded the WHOAQG limits,potentially posing a health risk to the high-density *** AirQ+model found Klang to be a significantly high-risk area for chronic bronchitis among the adult population with 804,240 people(with a relative risk of 1.85)in ***:These high-risk values are due to rapid urbanization and high motor vehicle usage in the Klang Valley and therefore the impact of PM_(10)on the population needs to be *** situation should be taken seriously by the department of environment and Kuala Lumpur City Hall in addre

关键词： Population Urban air pollution Spatial distribution PM_(10) Adult chronic bronchitis risk

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Structure, composition and diversity of tree species in tropical moist deciduous forests of Eastern India: a case study of Nayagarh Forest Division, Odisha

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第6期28卷 1212-1223页

作者： Tirthabrata Sahoo Pratap Chandra Panda Laxmikanta Acharya Taxonomy and Conservation Division Regional Plant Resource Centre Nayapalli Bhubaneswar Odisha 751015India Centre of Biotechnology Sikshya O Anusandhan UniversityGhatikia Bhubaneswar Odisha 751003 India

Quantitative assessment of tree species diversity from sample plots in seven forest ranges of Nayagarh Forest Division in Odisha state in the Eastern Ghats of India was made during the period April, 2011 to November, 2013. A total of 120 transects(1000 m × 5 m) were laid in Nayagarh, Odogaon, Pancharida, Khandapada, Dasapalla,Mahipur, and Gania forest ranges and tree stems of at least 30 cm GBH were measured. The regeneration potential of trees was assessed from 5 m × 5 m sample plots located within the main transect. A total of 177 tree species belonging to 120 genera and 44 families were recorded from the study area. Shorea robusta, Buchanania lanzan, Lannea coromandelica, Terminalia alata and Cleistanthus collinus were the predominant tree species. The stand density varied in the range of 355.33–740.53 stems ha)-1) while basal area ranged from 7.77 to 31.62 m2ha-1. The tree density and species richness decreased with increasing girth class. The highest number of species and maximum density was recorded in the girth class of 30–60 cm. The Shannon–Weiner and Simpson Indices with respect to trees with C30 cm GBH varied in the range of 2.07–3.79 cm and 0.03–0.37 cm respectively and the values of diversity indices are within the reported range for tropical forests of Indian sub-continent. The families, Dipterocarpaceae,Anacardiaceae, Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae contributed to maximum species richness, stand density, and basal area. Regeneration of many tree species was observed to be poor. The present study provides baseline data for further ecological studies, forest management, and formulation of site-specific strategies for conservation of biological diversity in moist deciduous forests of Eastern India.

关键词： Eastern India Nayagarh Forest Division Odisha Tree diversity

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Intelligent speed adaptation for visibility technology affects drivers’speed selection along curves with sight limitations

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第1期11卷 16-27页

作者： Abrar Hazoor Alberto Terrafino Leandro L.Di Stasi Marco Bassani department of environment Landand Infrastructure EngineeringPolitecnico di TorinoTorino 10129Italy Road Traffic Division Nord UniversityStjørdal 7502Norway Mind Brainand Behavior Research Centre(CIMCYC)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain

Sight obstructions along road curves can lead to a crash if the driver is not able to stop the vehicle in *** is a particular issue along curves with limited available sight,where speed management is necessary to avoid unsafe situations(e.g.,driving off the road or invading the other traffic lane).To solve this issue,we proposed a novel intelligent speed adaptation(ISA)system for visibility,called V-ISA(intelligent speed adaptation for visibility).It estimates the real-time safe speed limits based on the prevailing sight conditions.V-ISA comes with three variants with specific feedback modalities(1)visual and(2)auditory information,and(3)direct intervention to assume control over the vehicle ***,we investigated the efficiency of each of the three V-ISA variants on driving speed choice and lateral behavioural response along road curves with limited and unsafe available sight distances,using a driving *** also considered curve road geometry(curve direction:rightward ***).Sixty active drivers were recruited for the *** half of them(experimental group)tested the three V-ISA variants(and a V-ISA off condition),the other half always drove with the V-ISA off(validation group).We used a linear mixed-effect model to evaluate the influence of V-ISA on driver *** V-ISA variants were efficient at reducing speeds at entrance points,with no discernible negative impact on driver lateral *** rightward curves,the V-ISA intervening variant appeared to be the most effective at adapting to sight *** of the current study implies that V-ISA might assist drivers to adjust their operating speed as per prevailing sight conditions and,consequently,establishes safer driving conditions.

关键词： Sight distance Intelligent speed adaptation Driver behaviour Road safety Driving simulation Advanced driver assistance systems

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Real-world and bottom-up methodology for emission inventory development and scenario design in medium-sized cities

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 114-132页

作者： Leila Khazini Mina Jamshidi Kalajahi Yousef Rashidi Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Mirzaei Ghomi Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of TabrizTabrizIran environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti UniversityIran department of the environment(DOE) Head of National Center of Air pollution and Climate ChangeTehranIran

Efficient management of air quality requires a comprehensive emission inventory to support decision-making on air quality *** article presents a comprehensive framework for detailed emission inventory development in cities with low-quality basic data,which examines the emission of primary criteria pollutants(CO,NO_(x),SO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),and VOC)from mobile sources,residential,commercial,and public services,fuel stations,transport terminals,energy conversion sections,and *** research was applied to Tabriz in Northwest Iran,one of the polluted medium-sized cities with a population of 1.77 *** show the city daily emission per capita is 569.8 g of CO,68.6 g of NO_(x),38.6 g of VOC,17.6 g of SO_(x),and 3.7 g of *** emissions accounted for 98%of CO,91%of VOCs,61%of NO_(x),and 56%of PM;meaning alternative policy strategies in vehicles would reduce emissions *** applicable and effective scenarios in transport and one concerning stationary sourceswere proposed and reduction potential of themwas *** of the public transport improvement and replacement of old passenger cars were founded the key *** two alternatives decrease 14 and 2 tons of SO_(2) and 6797 and 2394 tons of NO_(x) annually with the cost of$99.5 MM and$366.5 MM,*** findings of this study provides the choice of travel method by each citizen is a function of cost,speed,comfort and safety of travel;therefore,all the requirements of any scenarios must be fully considered in the implementation step.

关键词： Emission inventory Vehicular sources Mitigation strategies Stationary sources Urban air pollution

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A review of microbial laccase production and activity toward different biotechnological applications

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第4期3卷 533-551页

作者： Monalisa Mahuri Manish Paul Hrudayanath Thatoi department of Biotechnology Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanjadeo UniversitySriram Chandra ViharTakatpurBaripadaOdisha 757003India

Laccases are versatile enzymes that belong to the multi-copper oxidase *** enzyme has several biotechnological applications because of its ablilty to oxidize a wide range of phenolic and non-phenolic ***,their large-scale applicability in bioremediation and water treatment is hindered by high salt content and extreme pH values of the polluted media which also affects the stability,recovery and recycling of *** from some bacteria,laccase is abundantly present in several lignin-degrading white-rot fungi ***,Deuteromycetes,and ***,lac-case has been employed in the development of biosensors as a medical diagnostic tool,biofuel cells,and in bioremediation purpose to remove herbicides,pesticides,and some toxic chemicals from the ***,most of the enzymes including laccase are normally unstable and susceptible to lose their activity over *** might be avoided by maintaining the activity and lengthening the enzyme's lifespan through the use of appropriate immobilization *** potential of laccase immobilized biocathodes for dye decolorization in microbial fuel cells has recently been *** laccase nanoparticles have potential uses as biocatalyst in the bioremediation of *** addition,advanced research considering microbial laccase has been conducted for its heterologous expression along with in silico protein engineering to attain maximum enzyme activity which can be potentially applied in different biotechnological *** related to laccase also implied that this enzyme can be used as suitable catalyst for the production of promising anti-cancer drugs and even as a significant ingredient in cosmetics.

关键词： Microbial laccase Laccase activity Membrane immobilization Heterologous expression In silico protein engineering Bioremediation

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