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Smart contract applications in the built environment: How prepared are Nigerian construction stakeholders?

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2024年第1期11卷 50-61页

作者： Andrew EBEKOZIEN Clinton AIGBAVBOA Samuel Adeniyi ADEKUNLE Mohamad Shaharudin SAMSURIJAN John ALIU Bernard Martins ARTHUR-AIDOO Godpower Chinyeru AMADI Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa School of Social Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaGelugor11800 USM PenangMalaysia Department of Quantity Surveying Auchi PolytechnicAuchiNigeria Institute for Resilient Infrastructure Systems College of EngineeringUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Department of Building Technology Faculty of Built EnvironmentAccra Technical UniversityAccraGhana Nigerian Institute of Management Port HarcourtNigeria

Studies have demonstrated that advanced technology,such as smart contract applications,can enhance both pre-and post-contract administration within the built environment *** contract technology,exemplifying blockchain technologies,has the potential to improve transparency,trust,and the security of data transactions within this ***,there is a dearth of academic literature concerning smart contract applications within the construction industries of developing countries,with a specific focus on ***,this study seeks to explore the relevance of smart contract technology and address the challenges impeding its adoption,offering strategies to mitigate the obstacles faced by smart contract *** investigate the stakeholders,this research conducted 14 virtual interview sessions to achieve data *** interviewees encompassed project management practitioners,senior management personnel from construction companies,experts in construction dispute resolution,professionals in construction software,and representatives from government construction *** data obtained from these interviews underwent thorough analysis employing a thematic *** study duly recognizes the significance of smart contract applications within the *** the 12 identified barriers,issues such as identity theft and data leakage,communication and synchronization challenges,high computational expenses,lack of driving impetus,excessive electricity consumption,intricate implementation processes,absence of a universally applicable legal framework,and the lack of a localized legal framework were recurrent impediments affecting the adoption of smart contract applications within the *** study also delves into comprehensive measures to mitigate these *** conclusion,this study critically evaluates the relevance of smart contract applications within the built environment,with a specific focus on promoting their *** may serve

关键词： built environment industry digitalization Nigeria smart contract technological revolution

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Snapshot Survey of the Presence of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the environment in Ecuador

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heidelore Fiedler Luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Lander Vinicio Pérez-Aldás Jose Castro-Díaz MTM Research Centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Undersecretariat of environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador Department of environmental Chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental Cia.Ltda. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument for 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or C;provide information to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of POPs in the *** the broader context of international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of perfluorinated alkyl substances(PFAS)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products from its national market for PFAS *** products analyzed came from the initially listed fields of specific exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:fire-fighting foams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and *** results showed that the three PFAS presently listed in the Stockholm Convention could be quantified in only a few samples;additional PFAS,not yet listed in the Convention also had low detection *** the number of samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel Convention—they would not constitute a disposal ***,verification of the presence of PFAS in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge for both,developed and developing countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed POPs Stockholm Convention Products and articles PFAS analysis Developing countries

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Implementation of artificial intelligence techniques in microgrid control environment:Current progress and future scopes

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第2期8卷 213-231页

作者： Rohit Trivedi Shafi Khadem International Energy Research Centre Tyndall National InstituteUCCCorkIreland

Microgrids are gaining popularity by facilitating distributed energy resources(DERs)and forming essential consumer/prosumer centric integrated energy ***,coordination and control of multiple DERs and managing the energy transition in this environment is a strenuous *** control techniques are not enough to support dynamic microgrid *** of Artificial Intelligence(AI)techniques seems to be a promising solution to enhance the control and operation of microgrids in future smart grid ***,this paper briefly reviews the control architectures,existing conventional controlling techniques,their drawbacks,the need for intelligent controllers and then extensively reviews the possibility of AI implementation in different control structures with a special focus on the hierarchical control *** paper also investigates the AI-based control strategies in networked/interconnected/multi-microgrids *** concludes with the summary and future scopes of AI implementation in hierarchical control layers and structures including single and networked microgrids environments.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Microgrid control architectures Hierarchical control Networked microgrids Machine learning Distributed energy resources

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Analysis of Commuting Modal Shift in Consideration of Social Interaction of Consciousness for environment

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 63-80页

作者： Masashi Okushima Institute of Technology and Science The University of TokushimaTokushima 770-8506Japan

It is the matter for achievement of the low carbon transport system that the excessive use of private vehicles can be controlled *** only improvement of service level of modes except private vehicle,but also consciousness for environmental problem of individual trip maker is important for eco-commuting *** the other hand,consciousness for environment would be changed by influence of other ***,it is aimed in the study that the structure of decision-making process for modal shift to the eco-commuting mode in the local city is described considering environmental consciousness and social *** the purpose,the consciousness for the environment problem and the travel behavior of the commuter at the suburban area in the local city are investigated by the questionnaire *** covariance structure about the eco-consciousness is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire survey by structural equation *** the result,it can be confirmed with the structural equation model that the individual environmental consciousness is strongly related with the intention of self-sacrifice and is influenced with the local interaction of the individual *** the other hand,the intention of modal shift for the commuting mode is analyzed with the database of the questionnaire *** can be found out that the environmental consciousness is not statistically significant for commuting mode choice with the present poor level of service of public ***,the intention of self-sacrifice for the prevention of the global warming is statistically confirmed as the factor of modal shift with the operation of eco-commuting bus service with the RP/SP integrated estimation *** the result,the multi-agent simulation system with social interaction model for eco consciousness is developed to measure the effect of the eco-commuting *** the purpose,the carbon dioxide emission is estimated based on traffic demand an

关键词： Greenhouse gas emission modal shift structural equation model RP/SP combined estimation multi-agent simulation local interaction small world network consciousness for environment commuting shuttle bus local city

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Ecological Status and Uses of Juniper Species in the Cold Desert environment of the Lahaul Valley, North-western Himalaya, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第5期9卷 676-686页

作者： Yashwant S.RAWAT Colin S.EVERSON School of Agricultural Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal

The juniper species Juniperus polycarpos C. Koch, J. indica Bertol. and J. communis L. var. saxatilis (Pallas) are important elements of the forest vegetation in Lahaul valley in the north-western Himalaya. Their ability to grow under the barren and xeric conditions of cold deserts makes them particularly suited for afforestation programmes under these ecological conditions. In the Lahaul valley, juniper species are used as subsistence resources and for religious purposes. Excessive removal of juniper wood and leaves by the local population, overgrazing, habitat fragmentation and low regeneration potential are the main obstacles to conservation of juniper forests in this region. The present study was carried out to assess density, basal area and importance value index (IVI) of the local vegetation as well as uses and amounts of juniper wood and leaves removed from the local forests. Pressure on relict juniper forests due to grazing animals and intensive removal of wood and leaves by the local population was found to be greater at an altitude above 3,000 m. The results of the study demonstrated that the different juniper species were adapted to specific altitude ranges. A higher species density was recorded at lower altitude except for J. indica which was only present at high altitude (>3,200 m) on south-facing slopes. Density, basal area and IVI of J. polycarpos were higher at Hinsa (2,700 m) than at Jahlma (3,000 m). The rapid loss of vegetation due to overuse and habitat degradation has made the conservation of juniper forests an important priority in the Lahaul valley. J. polycarpos at lower altitude and J. indica at higher altitude are ecologically the more suitable species for the successful implementation of conservation programmes. The support of rehabilitation programmes by regional authorities is essential for the reestablishment of the local juniper forests.

关键词：喜马拉雅山脉沙漠环境生态环境现状物种寒冷用途森林植被高海拔地区

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Understanding the risks of mercury sulfide nanoparticles in the environment: Formation, presence, and environmental behaviors

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 78-92页

作者： Pei Lei Nan Zou Yujiao Liu Weiping Cai Mengjie Wu Wenli Tang Huan Zhong State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Key Laboratory of Soil environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China environmental and Life Sciences Program(EnLS) Trent UniversityPeterborough OntarioK9L 0G2Canada

Mercury(Hg) could be microbially methylated to the bioaccumulative neurotoxin methylmercury(Me Hg), raising health concerns. Understanding the methylation of various Hg species is thus critical in predicting the Me Hg risk. Among the known Hg species, mercury sulfide(HgS) is the largest Hg reservoir in the lithosphere and has long been considered to be highly inert. However, with advances in the analytical methods of nanoparticles, HgS nanoparticles(HgS NPs) have recently been detected in various environmental matrices or organisms. Furthermore, pioneering laboratory studies have reported the high bioavailability of HgS NPs. The formation, presence, and transformation(e.g., methylation) of HgS NPs are intricately related to several environmental factors, especially dissolved organic matter(DOM). The complexity of the behavior of HgS NPs and the heterogeneity of DOM prevent us from comprehensively understanding and predicting the risk of HgS NPs. To reveal the role of HgS NPs in Hg biogeochemical cycling, research needs should focus on the following aspects: the formation pathways, the presence, and the environmental behaviors of HgS NPs impacted by the dominant influential factor of DOM. We thus summarized the latest progress in these aspects and proposed future research priorities, e.g., developing the detection techniques of HgS NPs and probing HgS NPs in various matrices, further exploring the interactions between DOM and HgS NPs. Besides, as most of the previous studies were conducted in laboratories, our current knowledge should be further refreshed through field observations, which would help to gain better insights into predicting the Hg risks in natural environment.

关键词： Bioavailability Bioaccumulation Organic matter Mercury methylation Dissolution Aggregation

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Semantic linking of complex properties,monitoring processes and facilities in web-based representations of the environment

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第3期9卷 300-324页

作者： Adam M.Leadbetter Peter N.Vodden Marine Institute Co.GalwayIreland Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment CentreLancasterUK

Where a virtual representation of the Earth must contain data values observed within the physical Earth system,data models are required that allow the integration of data across the silos of various Earth and environmental sciences *** a mapping between the well-defined terminologies of these silos is a stubborn *** paper presents a generalised ontology for use within Web 3.0 services,which builds on European Commission spatial data infrastructure *** presented ontology acknowledges that there are many complexities to the description of environmental properties which can be observed within the physical Earth *** ontology is shown to be flexible and robust enough to describe concepts drawn from a range of Earth science disciplines,including ecology,geochemistry,hydrology and *** paper also demonstrates the alignment and compatibility of the ontology with existing systems and shows applications in which the ontology may be deployed.

关键词： observable properties monitoring properties environmental monitoring facilities semantic web geospatial data integration

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Fatigue test of carbon epoxy composite high pressure hydrogen storage vessel under hydrogen environment

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第6期14卷 393-400页

作者： Chuan-xiang ZHENG Liang WANG Rong LI Zong-xin WEI Wei-wei ZHOU Institute of Chemical Machinery and Process Equipment Zhejiang University

A significant temperature raise within hydrogen vehicle cylinder during the fast filling process will be observed, while the strength and fatigue life of the cylinder will dramatically decrease at high temperature. In order to evaluate the strength and fatigue of composite hydrogen storage vessel, a 70-MPa fatigue test system using hydrogen medium was set up. Experimental study on the fatigue of composite hydrogen storage vessels under real hydrogen environment was performed. The experimental results show that the ultimate strength and fatigue life both decreased obviously compared with the values under hydraulic fatigue test. Furthermore, fatigue property, failure behavior, and safe hydrogen charging/discharging working mode of onboard hydrogen storage vessels were obtained through the fatigue tests.

关键词： Hydrogen storage vessel Composite Fatigue test High pressure Temperature raise

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Students’Feedback on Integrating Engineering Practice Cases into Lecture Task in Course of Built environment

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2022年第3期39卷 251-257页

作者：杨学宾钟珂陈琳娜杨自力梁珍 College of environmental Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China College of Continuing Education University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China

The improvement of students’abilities is of great significance to discover the relevant scientific problems in daily life,to analyze and solve practical problems,to trigger scientific inspiration,and to encourage innovation and *** the course entitled Built environment(BE)as an example,this study introduces five lecture cases combining with engineering practices,and examines the evaluation of teaching and learning effect on student *** cases consider various problems to be solved urgently in an actual project,and evaluate the student outcomes by statistically analyzing the *** of the students actively participate in five cases and cheerfully share their *** than 85%of students are satisfied with the engineering practice and the learning proposal,and convey a little or even significantly change in their understanding of the employment prospects.

关键词： student outcome feedback engineering practice lecture task Built environment and Energy Application Engineering(BEEAE)

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Prediction of spatial land use changes based on LCM in a GIS environment for Desert Wetlands-A case study: Meighan Wetland,Iran

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第1期7卷 64-70页

作者： Amir Ansari Mohammad H.Golabi Department of environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesArak UniversityArak 38156-8-8349Iran College of Natural and Applied Sciences University of Guam MangilaoGuam 96923United States

Meighan Wetland and its surroundings have undergone many changes in recent *** study aims to monitor and predict land use changes using the land change model (LCM) module in the Meighan *** Sat images of years 2000,2007 and 2015 were used to produce digital land use *** images were classified into seven classes including;Salt lake,Agriculture,Rangeland,Manmade,Wastewater,Wetland and Mine *** LCM module in Idrisi GIS software was used to analyze the land use changes for predicting the land uses status in 2015,based on artificial neural network (ANN) and Markov Chain *** ANN was trained with various influencing factors including;distance from road,distance from manmade areas,distance from land changed edge,distance from stream,elevation and *** results indicated that 1663.88 ha of the rangeland cover and 715.68 ha of the salt lake cover have been degraded during the 2000-2015 ***,the wetland,mine,wastewater and manmade degradation are increased to 724 ha,335 ha,37 ha and 270 ha in comparison to initial land ***,the result shows that rangeland and salt lake areas will decrease in the year 2030 compare to 2015,while,wetland,mine and manmade land changes may increase.

关键词： LCM Prediction Meighan wetland Land use changes Artificial Neural Network

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