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Safety-Constrained Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning for Power Quality Control in Distributed Renewable Energy Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 449-471页

作者： Yongjiang Zhao Haoyi Zhong Chang Cyoon Lim Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityYeosu59626South Korea

This paper examines the difficulties of managing distributed power systems,notably due to the increasing use of renewable energy sources,and focuses on voltage control challenges exacerbated by their variable nature in modern power *** tackle the unique challenges of voltage control in distributed renewable energy networks,researchers are increasingly turning towards multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL).However,MARL raises safety concerns due to the unpredictability in agent actions during their exploration *** unpredictability can lead to unsafe control *** mitigate these safety concerns in MARL-based voltage control,our study introduces a novel approach:Safety-ConstrainedMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning(SC-MARL).This approach incorporates a specialized safety constraint module specifically designed for voltage control within the MARL *** module ensures that the MARL agents carry out voltage control actions *** experiments demonstrate that,in the 33-buses,141-buses,and 322-buses power systems,employing SC-MARL for voltage control resulted in a reduction of the Voltage Out of Control Rate(%***)from0.43,0.24,and 2.95 to 0,0.01,and 0.03,***,the Reactive Power Loss(Q loss)decreased from 0.095,0.547,and 0.017 to 0.062,0.452,and 0.016 in the corresponding systems.

关键词： Power quality control multi-agent reinforcement learning safety-constrained MARL

Adaptive Consistent Management to Prevent System Collapse on Shared Object Manipulation in Mixed Reality

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 2025-2042页

作者： Jun Lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-siKorea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoulKorea

A concurrency control mechanism for collaborative work is akey element in a mixed reality environment. However, conventional lockingmechanisms restrict potential tasks or the support of non-owners, thusincreasing the working time because of waiting to avoid conflicts. Herein, wepropose an adaptive concurrency control approach that can reduce conflictsand work time. We classify shared object manipulation in mixed reality intodetailed goals and tasks. Then, we model the relationships among goal,task, and ownership. As the collaborative work progresses, the proposedsystem adapts the different concurrency control mechanisms of shared objectmanipulation according to the modeling of goal–task–ownership. With theproposed concurrency control scheme, users can hold shared objects andmove and rotate together in a mixed reality environment similar to realindustrial sites. Additionally, this system provides MS Hololens and Myosensors to recognize inputs from a user and provides results in a mixed realityenvironment. The proposed method is applied to install an air conditioneras a case study. Experimental results and user studies show that, comparedwith the conventional approach, the proposed method reduced the number ofconflicts, waiting time, and total working time.

关键词： Mixed reality upper body motion recognition shared object manipulation adaptive task concurrency control

Coupled CUBIC Congestion Control for MPTCP in Broadband Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 99-115页

作者： Jae Yong Lee Byung Chul Kim Youngmi Kwon Kimoon Han Department of Information and Communications Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Korea Agency for Defense Development Daejeon34186Korea

Recently,multipath transmission control protocol(MPTCP)was standardized so that data can be transmitted through multiple paths to utilize all available path ***,when high-speed long-distance networks are included in MPTCP paths,the traffic transmission performance of MPTCP is severely deteriorated,especially in case the multiple paths’characteristics are heavily *** order to alleviate this problem,we propose a“Coupled CUBIC congestion control”that adopts TCP CUBIC on a large bandwidth-delay product(BDP)path in a linked increase manner for maintaining fairness with an ordinary TCP traversing the same bottleneck *** verify the performance excellence of the proposed algorithm,we implemented the Coupled CUBIC Congestion Control into Linux kernels by modifying the legacy MPTCP linked-increases algorithm(LIA)congestion control source *** constructed asymmetric heterogeneous network testbeds mixed with large and small BDP paths and compared the performances of LIA and Coupled CUBIC by *** results show that the proposed Coupled CUBIC utilizes almost over 80%of the bandwidth resource in the high BDP path,while the LIA utilizes only less than 20%of the bandwidth for the same *** was confirmed that the resource utilization and traffic transmission performance have been greatly improved by using the proposed Coupled CUBIC in high-speed multipath networks,as well as maintaining MPTCP fairness with competing single-path CUBIC or Reno TCP flows.

关键词： MPTCP congestion control Coupled CUBIC high BDP network

Performance Analysis of a Chunk-Based Speech Emotion Recognition Model Using RNN

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第4期36卷 235-248页

作者： Hyun-Sam Shin Jun-Ki Hong Division of Software Convergence Hanshin UniversityOsan-si18101Korea Division of AI Software Engineering Pai Chai UniversityDaejeon35345Korea

Recently,artiﬁcial-intelligence-based automatic customer response sys-tem has been widely used instead of customer service ***,it is important for automatic customer service to promptly recognize emotions in a customer’s voice to provide the appropriate service ***,we analyzed the performance of the emotion recognition(ER)accuracy as a function of the simulation time using the proposed chunk-based speech ER(CSER)*** proposed CSER model divides voice signals into 3-s long chunks to efﬁ-ciently recognize characteristically inherent emotions in the customer’s *** evaluated the performance of the ER of voice signal chunks by applying four RNN techniques—long short-term memory(LSTM),bidirectional-LSTM,gated recurrent units(GRU),and bidirectional-GRU—to the proposed CSER model individually to assess its ER accuracy and time efﬁ*** results reveal that GRU shows the best time efﬁciency in recognizing emotions from speech signals in terms of accuracy as a function of simulation time.

关键词： RNN speech emotion recognition attention mechanism time efﬁciency

An Improved YOLO Detection Approach for Pinpointing Cucumber Diseases and Pests

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第12期81卷 3989-4014页

作者： Ji-Yuan Ding Wang-Su Jeon Sang-Yong Rhee Chang-Man Zou Department of IT Convergence Engineering University of KyungnamChangwon51767Republic of Korea Department of Computer Engineering University of KyungnamChangwon51767Republic of Korea College of Computer Science and Technology Beihua UniversityJilin132013China

In complex agricultural environments,cucumber disease identification is confronted with challenges like symptom diversity,environmental interference,and poor detection *** paper presents the DM-YOLO model,which is an enhanced version of the YOLOv8 framework designed to enhance detection accuracy for cucumber *** detection models have a tough time identifying small-scale and overlapping symptoms,especially when critical features are obscured by lighting variations,occlusion,and background *** proposed DM-YOLO model combines three innovative modules to enhance detection performance in a collective ***,the MultiCat module employs a multi-scale feature processing strategy with adaptive pooling,which decomposes input features into large,medium,and small *** approach ensures that high-level features are extracted and fused effectively,effectively improving the detection of smaller and complex patterns that are often missed by traditional ***,the ADC2f module incorporates an attention mechanism and deep separable convolution,which allows the model to focus on the most relevant regions of the input features while reducing computational *** identification and localization of diseases like downy mildew and powdery mildew can be enhanced by this combination in conditions of lighting changes and ***,the C2fe module introduces a Global Context Block that uses attention mechanisms to emphasize essential regions while suppressing those that are not *** design enables the model to capture more contextual information,which improves detection performance in complex backgrounds and small-object scenarios.A custom cucumber disease dataset and the PlantDoc dataset were used for thorough *** results showed that DM-YOLO achieved a mean Average Precision(mAP50)improvement of 1.2%p on the custom dataset and 3.2%p on the PlantDoc dataset over the baseline *** results highlight

关键词： ADC2f C2fe cucumber diseases YOLOv8n MultiCat pest detection

Spatial Multi-Presence System to Increase Security Awareness for Remote Collaboration in an Extended Reality Environment

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第7期37卷 369-384页

作者： Jun Lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-siKorea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoulKorea

Enhancing the sense of presence of participants is an important issue in terms of security awareness for remote collaboration in extended ***,conventional methods are insufficient to be aware of remote situations and to search for and control remote *** study pro-poses a spatial multi-presence system that simultaneously provides multiple spaces while rapidly exploring these spaces as users perform collaborative work in an extended reality *** proposed system provides methods for arranging and manipulating remote and personal spaces by creating an annular screen that is invisible to the *** user can freely arrange remote participants and their workspaces on the annular *** users can simultaneously view various spaces arranged on the annular screen,they can perform collaborative work while simultaneously feeling the presence of multiple spaces and can be fully immersed in a specific *** addition,the personal spaces where users work can also be arranged through the annular *** to the results of the performance evaluations,users participating in remote collaborative works can visualize the spaces of multiple users simultaneously and feel their presence,thereby increasing their understanding of the ***,the proposed system reduces the time to perform tasks and gain awareness of the emergency in remote workspaces.

关键词： Extended reality spatial presence multi presence security awareness

Abnormal State Detection in Lithium-ion Battery Using Dynamic Frequency Memory and Correlation Attention LSTM Autoencoder

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1757-1781页

作者： Haoyi Zhong Yongjiang Zhao Chang Gyoon Lim Department of Computer Engineering Chonnam National UniversityYeosu59626South Korea

This paper addresses the challenge of identifying abnormal states in Lithium-ion Battery(LiB)time series *** the energy sector increasingly focuses on integrating distributed energy resources,Virtual Power Plants(VPP)have become a vital new framework for energy *** are key in this context,owing to their high-efficiency energy storage capabilities essential for VPP ***,LiBs are prone to various abnormal states like overcharging,over-discharging,and internal short circuits,which impede power transmission *** methods for detecting such abnormalities in LiB are too broad and lack precision for the dynamic and irregular nature of LiB *** response,we introduce an innovative method:a Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)autoencoder based on Dynamic Frequency Memory and Correlation Attention(DFMCA-LSTM-AE).This unsupervised,end-to-end approach is specifically designed for dynamically monitoring abnormal states in LiB *** method starts with a Dynamic Frequency Fourier Transform module,which dynamically captures the frequency characteristics of time series data across three scales,incorporating a memory mechanism to reduce overgeneralization of abnormal *** is followed by integrating LSTM into both the encoder and decoder,enabling the model to effectively encode and decode the temporal relationships in the time *** tests on a real-world LiB dataset demonstrate that DFMCA-LSTM-AE outperforms existing models,achieving an average Area Under the Curve(AUC)of 90.73%and an F1 score of 83.83%.These results mark significant improvements over existing models,ranging from 2.4%–45.3%for AUC and 1.6%–28.9%for F1 score,showcasing the model’s enhanced accuracy and reliability in detecting abnormal states in LiB data.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery abnormal state detection autoencoder virtual power plants LSTM

Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun Lee Hanna Lee Seong Chan Lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the *** study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone ***,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological *** proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

Efficacy of acupuncture on cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus in Korea:A nationwide retrospective cohort

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 176-183页

作者： Hyejin Jung Tiana Won Ga-Yeon Kim Jowon Jang Sujung Yeo Sabina Lim Department of Meridian&Acupoint College of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoul02447Republic of Korea WHO Collaborating Center for Traditional Medicine East-West Medical Research InstituteKyung Hee UniversitySeoul02447Republic of Korea Department of Meridian and Acupoint College of Korean MedicineSang Ji UniversityWonju26339Republic of Korea

Objective The main aim of this study is to investigate whether acupuncture could be an effective complementary treatment for reducing the risk of macrovascular complications in diabetic patients currently taking antidiabetic medications using a nationwide population-based *** We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the efficacy of acupuncture on cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients using data from patients between 40 and 79 years of age,newly diagnosed with diabetes between 2003 and 2006,found in the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort(NHIS-NSC)in *** the data,we identified 21,232 diabetic patients who were taking antidiabetic medication between 2003 and *** selected patients were divided into two groups-those who received acupuncture at least three times and those who received no acupuncture(non-acupuncture)in the year following their diagnosis of *** 1:1 propensity score matching(PSM),each group had 3350 patients,and the observation ceased at the occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event(MACE),which was defined as either myocardial infarction,stroke,or death due to cardiovascular *** After PSM,the acupuncture group had a lower incidence of MACE(hazard ratio[HR]:0.87;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.81-0.94;P=0.0003)and all-cause mortality(HR:0.77;95%CI:0.70-0.84;P<0.0001)than the non-acupuncture group;the HRs for stroke-related mortality(HR:0.75;95%CI:0.56-1.00;P=0.0485),ischemic heart disease mortality(HR:0.53;95%CI:0.34-0.84;P=0.006)and circulatory system disease mortality(HR:0.67;95%CI:0.55-0.82;P<0.0001)were lower in the acupuncture group than in the non-acupuncture group in the secondary *** Our results indicate that diabetic patients receiving acupuncture treatment might have a lower risk of MACE,all-cause mortality and cardiovascular *** population-based retrospective study suggests beneficial effects of acupuncture in preventing macro

关键词： Acupuncture Diabetes Major adverse cardiovascular event Myocardial infarction Stroke Macrovascular complication