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Are small RNAs a big help to plants?

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2009年第3期52卷 212-223页

作者： MAO YingBo,XUE XueYi & CHEN XiaoYa National key laboratory of plant molecular genetics,institute of plant physiology and ecology,shanghai institutes for biological Sciences,chinese academy of Sciences,shanghai 2.0032.china 1. National key laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The discovery of RNA interference(RNAi) has augmented our knowledge of gene regulation and presents a fascinating technology that has a great potential for application in genetic analysis,disease therapy,plant protection,and many other *** this review,we will focus on the biological functions of RNAi and its application in agriculture with a brief introduction to the history of its discovery and molecular mechanism.

关键词： RNA interference gene regulation plant protection

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Isolation and functional characterization of the C-terminus of rice phos-phatidylinositol 4-kinase in vitro

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Cell Research 2003年第2期13卷 131-139页

作者： XIANG FENG KONG, ZHI HONG XU, HONG WEI XUE, National laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology, shanghai institutes for biological Science (SIBS), The chinese academy of Sciences Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on "plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction", 300 Fenglin Road, 2.0032 shanghai, china 1National laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China 1National laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China 1National laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China

A partial rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA clone. OsPMK1c, was isolated through screening of a cDNA library constructed from tillering materials. OsPI4Klc encoded a peptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.4 kDa. The OsPI4Klc peptide shared high homology and possessed the highly conserved domains present in most isolated cloned PI4-kinases, i.e. a lipid kinase unique (LKU) domain and a catalytic (CAT) domain. A region with similarity to pleckstrin homology (PH) domain was present in OsPI4K1c as well. Further comparison with genomic sequences in databases revealed that OsPI4K1c is located at the 3'-end of a putative rice PI 4-kinase coding gene OsPI4K1, and its coding region corresponded to the C-terminal half of OsPI4Kl protein. Twelve exons (49-562 bp in size) and 11 introns (77-974 bp in size) were identified in OsPI4K1c. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at the D4 position of the inositol ring. OsPI4K1 transcript levels were

关键词： Oryza sativa phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.

Identification of ABA-responsive genes in rice shoots via cDNA macroar- ray

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Cell Research 2003年第1期13卷 59-68页

作者： FANG LIN, SHOU LING XU, WEI MIN NI, ZHAO QING CHU, ZHI HONG XU, HONG WEI XUENational laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology, shanghai institutes for biological Science (SIBS), chinese academy of Sciences and Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on "plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduc-tion", 300 Fenglin Road, 2.0032 shanghai, china National laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS) Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction Shanghai China

Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was critical for many plant growth and developmental processes including seed maturation, germination and response to environmental factors. With the purpose to detect the possible ABA related signal transduction pathways, we tried to isolate ABA-regulated genes through cDNA macroarray technology using ABA-treated rice seedling as materials (under treatment for 2, 4, 8 and 12.h). Of 6144 cDNA clones tested, 37 differential clones showing induction or suppression for at least one time, were isolated. Of them 30 and 7 were up- or down-regulated respectively. Sequence analyses revealed that the putative encoded proteins were involved in different possible processes, including transcription, metabolism and resistance, photosynthesis, signal transduction, and seed maturation. 6 cDNA clones were found to encode proteins with unknown functions. Regulation by ABA of 7 selected clones relating to signal transduction or metabolism was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. In add

关键词： Oryza saliva abscisic acid (ABA) cDNA macroarray responsive genes signal transduc- tion

The tricks plants use to reach appropriate light

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 916-926页

作者： CHAO DaiYin1 & LIN HongXuan2 1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 2National key laboratory of plant molecular genetics, shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology, shanghai institutes for biological Sciences, chinese academy of Sciences, shanghai 2.0032, china 1. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA2. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The perception of ambient light signals that produce a relevant response to ensure exposure to appropriate levels of light energy is vital for plants. In response to this, intricate molecular mechanisms to mediate light signaling have evolved in plants. Among the responses induced by light, seedling extension is a determining event for plant survival in darkness, especially in the initial stage of plant growth. Here we review previous studies and recent progress towards an understanding of light signaling that regulates seedling elongation. We focus on the three regions of the sunlight spectrum that primarily control seedling elongation, namely red/far-red light, blue/UV-A light and UV-B light, and summarize the four signaling pathways that correspond to the three effective spectra.

关键词： photomorphogenesis light signaling photoreceptors cell elongation cell division

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Positive Charges on Lysine Residues of the Extrinsic 18 kDa Protein Are Important to Its Electrostatic Interaction with Spinach Photosystem Ⅱ Membranes

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第11期37卷 737-742页

作者： Jin-Peng GAO Zhen-Hua YONG Feng ZHANG Kang-Cheng RUAN Chun-He XU Gen-Yun CHEN institute of plant physiology & ecology.shanghai institutes for biological Sciences,chinese academy of Sciences,shanghai 2.0032.china laboratory of Proteomics,institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,shanghai institutes for biological Sciences,chinese academy of Sciences,shanghai 200031,china College of Sciences,Zhejiang University.Hangzhou 310029,china Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences,shanghai 2.0032.china institute of plant physiology & ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciencesshanghai 2.0032 China College of Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029 China laboratory of Proteomics Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China

To determine the contribution of charged amino acids to binding with the photosystem Ⅱcomplex(PSⅡ),the amino or carboxyl groups of the extrinsic 18 kDa protein were modified with N-succinimidyl propionate(NSP)or glycine methyl ester(GME)in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide,*** on isoelectric point shift,4-10 and 10-14 amino groups were modified in the presence of2 and 4 mM NSP,***,3-4 carboxyl groups were modified by reaction with *** of negatively charged carboxyl groups with GME did not alter the binding activity of theextrinsic 18 kDa ***,the NSP-modified 18 kDa protein,in which the positively charged aminogroups had been modified to uncharged methyl esters,failed to bind with the PSⅡ membrane in the presenceof the extrinsic 23 kDa *** defect can not be attributed to structural or conformational alterationsimposed by chemical modification,as the fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra among native,GME-and NSP-modified extrinsic 18 kDa proteins were ***,we have concluded that the positive chargesof lysyl residues in the extrinsic 18 kDa protein are important for its interaction with PSⅡ membranes in thepresence of the extrinsic 23 kDa ***,it was found that the negative charges of carboxylgroups of this protein did not participate in binding with the extrinsic 23 kDa protein associated with PSⅡmembranes.

关键词： extrinsic 18 kDa protein circular dichroism electrostatic interaction chemical modification

HAL1 mediate salt adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Cell Research 2001年第2期11卷 142-148页

作者： YANG SU XIN, YAN XIU ZHAO, QUAN ZHANG, YU KE HE, HUI ZHANG, DA LUO institute of plant physiology, shanghai institutes for biological Sciences, chinese academy of Science, 300 Fenglin Road, shanghai 2.0032, china key {12. of plant Stress Research, Sh 1institute of plant physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academyof Science 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China 2key laboratory of plant Stress Research Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China 2key laboratory of plant Stress Research Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China 1institute of plant physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academyof Science 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China 2key laboratory of plant Stress Research Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China 1institute of plant physiology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academyof Science 300 Fenglin Road Shanghai 200032 China

The yeast HAL1 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation with vacuum infiltration under the control of CaMV 35S promoter. Thirty-three individual kanamycin resistant plants were obtained from 75,000 seeds. Southern blotting analysis indicated that HAL1 gene had been integrated into all of the transgenic plants’ genomes. The copy number of HAL1 gene in transgenic plants was mostly 1 to 3 by Southern analysis. Phenotypes of transgenic plants have no differences with wild type plants. several samples of transformants were self-pollinated, and progenies from transformed and non-transformed plants (controls) were evaluated for salt tolerance and gene expression. Measurement of concentrations of intracellular K+ and Na+ showed that transgenic lines were able to retain less Na+ than that of the control under salt stress. Results from different tests indicated the expression of HAL1 gene promotes a higher level of salt tolerance in vivo in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants.

关键词： Salt-tolerant Arabidopsis HAL1 gene engineering.

Transiently Expressed Short Hairpin RNA Targeting 12. kDa Protein of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Interferes with Virus Infection

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第1期38卷 22-28页

作者： Ming-Min ZHAO~(1,2),De-Rong AN~(1*),Jian ZHAO~2,Guang-Hua HUANG~3,Zu-Hua HE~4,and Jiang-Ye CHEN~3 ~1 College of plant Protection,Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry,Yangling 712.00,china ~2 College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,china ~3 state key laboratory of molecular Biology,institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,shanghai institutes for biological Sciences, chinese {12. of Sciences,shanghai 200031,china ~4 state key laboratory of plant molecular genetics,institute of plant physiology and ecology,shanghai institutes for biological Sciences, chinese {12. of Sciences,shanghai 2.0032.china College of plant Protection Northwest Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China

RNA-interference (RNAi) silences gene expression by'guiding mRNA degradation in asequence-specific *** interfering RNA (siRNA),an intermediate of the RNAi pathway,has beenshown to be very effective in inhibiting virus infection in mammalian cells and cultured plant ***,wereport that Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) couldinhibit tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA accumulation by targeting the gene encoding the replication-asso-ciated 12. kDa protein in intact plant *** results indicate that transiently expressed shRNA efficientlyinterfered with TMV *** interference observed is sequence-specific,and time-and *** expressed shRNA corresponding to the TMV 12. kDa protein gene did not inhibit cucumbermosaic virus (CMV),an unrelated *** order to interfere with TMV accumulation in tobaccoleaves,it is essential for the shRNA constructs to be infiltrated into the same leaves as TMV *** support the view that RNAi opens the door for novel therapeutic procedures against virus *** propose that a combination of the RNAi technique and Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressioncould be employed as a potent antiviral treatment in plants.

关键词： tobacco mosaic virus 12. kDa protein RNA interference short hairpin RNA

Transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of gene expression during leaf polarity formation

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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 512-519页

作者： Lin Xu Li YangHai Huang National laboratory of plant molecular genetics, shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology, shanghai institutes for biological Sciences, chinese academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, shanghai {12., china Nationallaboratoryofplantmoleculargenetics ShanghaiInstituteofPlantPhysiologyandEcologyShanghaiInstitutesforBiologicalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciences300FenglinRoadShanghai200032China

Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity after primordium initiation from the shootapical meristem (SAM). Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial orabaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishmentof leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs (miR165/166)and a trans-acting siRNA (TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF) have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcrip-tion factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently bystudies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha-nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains *** review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanismsunderlying leaf polarity formation.

关键词： Arabidopsis leaf development polarity formation

nifH Promoter Activity Is Regulated by DNA Supercoiling in Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第4期37卷 221-226页

作者： Yan-Jie LIU Biao HU Jia-Bi ZHU Shan-Jiong SHEN Guan-Qiao YU National laboratory of plant molecular genetics,institute of plant physiology and ecology,shanghai institutes for biological Sciences,chinese academy of Sciences,shanghai 2.0032.china Nationallaboratoryofplantmoleculargenetics InstituteofPlantPhysiologyandEcologyShanghaiInstitutesforBiologicalSciencesChineseA

In prokaryotes,DNA supercoiling regulates the expression of many genes;for example,theexpression of Klebsiella pneumoniae nifLA operon depends on DNA negative supercoiling in anaerobicallygrown cells,which indicates that DNA supercoiling might play a role in gene regulation of the *** the expression of the nifH promoter in Sinorhizobium meliloti is not repressed by oxygen,itis proposed that the status of DNA supercoiling may not affect the expression of the nifH *** this hypothesis by analyzing nifH promoter activity in wild-type and gyr Escherichia coli in thepresence and absence of DNA gyrase *** results show that gene expression driven by the *** nifH promoter requires the presence of active DNA *** DNA gyrase increases thenumber of negative superhelical turns in DNA in the presence of ATP,our data indicate that negativesupercoiling is also important for nifH promoter *** study also shows that the DNA supercoiling-dependent *** nifH promoter activity is related to the trans-acting factors NtrC and NifA that *** supercoiling appeared to have a stronger effect on NtrC-activated nifH promoter activity than onNifA-activated promoter ***,these results from the *** nifH promoter model systemseem to indicate that,in addition to regulating gene expression during anaerobic signaling,DNA supercoilingmay also provide a favorable topology for trans-acting factor binding and promoter activation regardless ofoxygen status.

关键词： nifH DNA supercoiling gyrase Sinorhizobium meliloti gene expression