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Review:Mitochondrial functions on oocytes and preimplantation embryos

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第7期10卷 483-492页

作者： Li-ya WANG Da-hui WANG Xiang-yang zou Chen-ming XU Department of Biotechnology Dalian Medical University Dalian 116044 China The Sperm Laboratory Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Department of Reproductive Endocrinology Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006 China

Oocyte quality has long been considered as a main limiting factor for in vitro fertilization （IVF）. In the past decade, extensive observations demonstrated that the mitochondrion plays a vital role in the oocyte cytoplasm, for it can provide adenosine triphosphate （ATP） for fertilization and preimplantation embryo development and also act as stores of intracellular calcium and proapoptotic factors. During the oocyte maturation, mitochondria are characterized by distinct changes of their distribution pattern from being homogeneous to heterogeneous, which is correlated with the cumulus apoptosis. Oocyte quality decreases with the increasing maternal age. Recent studies have shown that low quality oocytes have some age-related dysfunctions, which include the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） damages, chromosomal aneuploidies, the incidence of apoptosis, and changes in mitochoncLrial gene expression. All these dysfunctions may cause a high level of de- velopmental retardation and arrest of preimplantation embryos. It has been suggested that these mitochondrial changes may arise from excessive reactive oxygen species （ROS） that is closely associated with the oxidative energy production or calcium overload, which may trigger permeability transition pore opening and subsequent apoptosis. Therefore, mitochondria can be seen as signs for oocyte quality evaluation, and it is possible that the oocyte quality can be improved by enhancing the physical function of mitochondria. Here we reviewed recent advances in mitochondrial functions on oocytes.

关键词： Mitochondria Oocyte Preimplantation embryo

Effects of feeding untreated, pasteurized and acidified waste milk and bunk tank milk on the performance, serum metabolic profiles, immunity, and intestinal development in Holstein calves

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 934-944页

作者： yang zou Yajing Wang Youfei Deng Zhijun Cao Shengli Li Jiufeng Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Beijing Dairy Cattle Center Beijing 100192 China College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Background: The present experiment was performed to assess the effects of different sources of milk on the growth performance, serum metabolism, immunity, and intestinal development of calves. Eighty-four Holstein male neonatal calves were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: those that received bunk tank milk(BTM), untreated waste milk(UWM), pasteurized waste milk(PWM), and acidified waste milk(AWM) for 21 ***: Calves in the BTM and AWM groups consumed more starter(P < 0.05) than those in the UWM *** daily gain in the UWM group was the highest(P < 0.05). Calves exhibited the highest(P < 0.05) serum total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, growth hormone, immunoglobulin(Ig) A and Ig M concentrations in the UWM group, highest malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-α in the PWM group(P < 0.05), and highest glutathione peroxidase and Ig G in the BTM group(P < 0.05). The jejunum and ileum of the calves in all treatments presented a slight inflammatory response. The jejunal inflammation scores were higher(P < 0.05) in the UWM and AWM groups than the BTM group; the ileal inflammation scores increased more(P < 0.05) in the AWM group than the BTM group. Jejunal immunohistochemical scores(IHS) were higher(P < 0.05) in the PWM and AWM groups than the BTM group. Compared to the other three groups, calves feeding on BTM had lower(P < 0.05) ileal IHS. Jejunal interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA expression in the UWM group was the highest(P < 0.05). Calves fed AWM increased(P < 0.05) mRNA expression of IL-8 and toll like receptor 4(TLR-4) in the jejunum and IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in the mesenteric lymph ***: Overall, bunk tank milk is the best choice for calf raising compared to waste milk. The efficiency of feeding pasteurized and acidified waste milk are comparable, and the acidification of waste milk is an acceptable labor-saving and diarrhea-preventing feed for youn

关键词： Acidified waste milk Calf Intestinal development Pasteurized waste milk Serum metabolism Waste milk

玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油储层特征及高产主控因素

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岩性油气藏 2025年第1期37卷 115-125页

作者：钱永新赵毅刘新龙刘鸿刘国梁朱涛邹阳陈方文中国石油新疆油田公司勘探开发研究院新疆克拉玛依834000 中国石油新疆油田公司数据公司新疆克拉玛依834000 中国石油大学(华东)深层油气全国重点实验室山东青岛266580

通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附、高压压汞、岩心荧光、激光共聚焦显微镜和产液剖面等实验分析测试资料,对玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组储层特征及页岩油高产主控因素进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:①玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油储层类... 详细信息

通过岩石薄片、扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附、高压压汞、岩心荧光、激光共聚焦显微镜和产液剖面等实验分析测试资料,对玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组储层特征及页岩油高产主控因素进行了详细研究。研究结果表明:①玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩油储层类型可划分为砂岩类、白云岩类和泥岩类等,粉砂岩类储层以陆源碎屑沉积物为主,泥岩类储层以陆源-内源混积物为主,白云(灰)岩类储层以内源化学沉积为主;玛湖凹陷风城组粉砂岩类、白云岩类和泥岩类储层孔隙喉道尺寸依次减小,孔隙连通性依次变差。②玛湖凹陷风城组粉砂岩类储层含油性最好,其次是泥岩类储层,白云岩类储层含油性最差,孔径较大的孔隙和微裂缝中的游离油含量较高,孔径较小的孔隙中的吸附油含量较高。③玛湖凹陷风城组优质烃源岩和优质储层分别控制着页岩油的高产区域和高产层段,长英质矿物含量、有效孔隙度值、游离油孔隙度值、裂缝密度和脆性指数等均较高的储层是页岩油高产的有利层段。

关键词：页岩油储层低温氮气吸附孔径分布游离油吸附油裂缝密度脆性指数风城组二叠系玛湖凹陷

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Research on the effect of the heavy nuclei amount on the temperature reactivity coefficient in a small modular molten salt reactor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第9期30卷 83-93页

作者： Meng-Lu Tan Gui-Feng Zhu yang zou Xiao-Han Yu Ye Dai Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Small modular thorium-based graphite-moderated molten salt reactors (smTMSRs), which combine the advantages of small modular reactors and molten salt reactors, are regarded as a wise development path to speed deployment time. In a smTMSR, low enriched uranium and thorium fuels are used in once-through mode, which makes a marked difference in their neutronic properties compared with the case when a conventional molten salt breeder reactor is used. This study investigated the temperature reactivity coefficient (TRC) in a smTMSR, which is mainly affected by the molten salt volume fraction (VF) and the heavy nuclei concentration in the fuel salt (HN). The fourfactor formula method and the reaction rate method were used to indicate the reasons for the TRC change, including the fuel density effect, the fuel Doppler effect, and the graphite thermal scattering effect. The results indicate that only the fuel density has a positive effect on the TRC in the undermoderated region. Thermal scattering from both salt and graphite has a significant negative influence on the TRC in the overmoderated region. The maximal effective multiplication factor, which shows the highest fuel utilization, is located at 10% VF and 12 mol% HN and is still located in the negative TRC region. In addition, on increasing the heavy nuclei amount from 2 mol% HN to 12 mol% HN (VF = 10%), the total TRC undergoes an obvious change from - 11 to - 3 pcm/K, which implies that the change in the HN caused by the fuel feed online should be small to avoid potential trouble in the reactivity control scheme.

关键词： Molten salt reactor Temperature reactivity coefficient Heavy nuclei amount

Regulating Blood Clot Fibrin Films to Manipulate Biomaterial-Mediated Foreign Body Responses

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Research 2024年第2期2023卷 565-581页

作者： yang zou Zhengjie Shan Zongpu Han Jieting yang Yixiong Lin Zhuohong Gong Lv Xie Jieyun Xu Runlong Xie Zhuofan Chen Zetao Chen Hospital of Stomatology Guanghua School of StomatologySun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Research Center for Dental and Cranial Rehabilitation and Material EngineeringGuangzhou 510055China

The clinical efficacy of implanted biomaterials is often compromised by host immune recognition and subsequent foreign body responses(FBRs).During the implantation,biomaterials inevitably come into direct contact with the blood,absorbing blood protein and forming blood *** studies have been carried out to regulate protein adsorption,thus manipulating ***,the role of clot surface fibrin films formed by clotting shrinkage in host reactions and FBR is often *** of the principle of fibrin film formation being relevant to fibrinogen or clotting factor absorption,it is feasible to manipulate the fibrin film formation via tuning the absorption of fibrinogen and clotting *** biological hydroxyapatite reserved bone architecture and microporous structure,the smaller particle size may expose more microporous structures and adsorb more fibrinogen or clotting ***,we set up 3 sizes(small,<0.2 mm;medium,1 to 2 mm;large,3 to 4 mm)of biological hydroxyapatite(porcine bone-derived hydroxyapatite)with different microporous structures to investigate the absorption of blood protein,the formation of clot surface fibrin films,and the subsequent *** found that small group adsorbed more clotting factors because of more microporous structures and formed the thinnest and sparsest fibrin *** thinnest and sparsest fibrin films increased inflammation and profibrosis of macrophages through a potential signaling pathway of cell adhesion-cytoskeleton-autophagy,leading to the stronger *** group adsorbed lesser clotting factors,forming the thickest and densest fibrin films,easing inflammation and profibrosis of macrophages,and finally mitigating ***,this study deepens the understanding of the role of fibrin films in host recognition and FBR and demonstrates the feasibility of a strategy to regulate FBR by modulating fibrin films via tuning the absorption of blood proteins.

关键词： Blood subsequent biomaterials

Neutronics physics analysis of a large fluoride-salt-cooled solidfuel fast reactor with Th-based fuel

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第11期28卷 188-197页

作者： Yu Peng Gui-Feng Zhu yang zou Si-Jia Liu Hong-Jie Xu Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Fast reactors based on thorium fuel have enhanced inherent safety. Fluoride salt performs well as a coolant in high-temperature nuclear systems. In this paper,we present a reference core for a large fluoride-salt-cooled solid-fuel fast reactor(LSFR) using thorium–uranium fuel cycle. Neutronics physics of the LSFR reference core is investigated with 2D and 3D in-core fuel management strategy. The design parameters analyzed include the fuel volume fraction, power density level and continuous removal of fission products with 3D fuel shuffling that obtains better equilibrium core performance than 2D shuffling. A self-sustained core is achieved for all cases,and the core of 60% fuel volume fraction at 50 MW/m^3 power density is of the best breeding performance(average breeding ratio 1.134). The LSFR core based on thorium fuel is advantageous in its high discharge burn-up of 20–30% fissions per initial heavy metal atom, small reactivity swing over the whole lifetime(to simplify the reactivity control system), the negative reactivity temperature coefficient(intrinsically safe for all cases) and accepted cladding peak radiation damage. The LSFR reactor is a good alternative option for the deployment of a self-sustained thorium-based nuclear system.

关键词： Fluoride salts Thorium cycle Fast reactor Core characteristics Equilibrium

Design and flow field analysis for visualization experiment facility of pebble bed based on molten salt reactor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2019年第3期30卷 139-148页

作者： Mu-Dan Mei Xing-Wei Chen Sheng-De Sun Rui Yan yang zou Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Molten salt pebble bed reactor is one of the sixth-generation Ⅳ reactor types. To investigate the mechanical behavior of the fuel pebbles in the core, a visualization experiment facility of pebble bed(VEFPB) is designed. To obtain a uniform flow field of the core and analyze the influence of the flow field on the structure of the pebble bed, computational fluid dynamics software Fluent is used to simulate the flow field distribution of the core of VEFPB. The simulation results show that the disturbance at the bottom of the pebble bed is proportional to the flow velocity of the inlet pipe, and the flow velocity close to the inlet side is more significant than that in other parts; the design of the cylinder bottom plate with holes of different sizes can effectively reduce the flow velocity and the disturbance at the bottom of the pebble bed. In addition,according to the velocity contours of the core of VEFPB, it is observed that the flow field distribution of the core is considerably uniform except at the bottom of the pebble bed. This ensures the stability of the pebble bed and verifies the rationality of the design of VEFPB. This study provides the technical support and reference for the flow field analysis of the core of molten salt pebble bed reactor.

关键词： Thorium molten salt reactor (TMSR) Particle image velocimetry (PIV) Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Experiment facility

Effect of 37Cl enrichment on neutrons in a molten chloride salt fast reactor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2020年第3期31卷 45-56页

作者： Liao-Yuan He Guang-Chao Li Shao-Peng Xia Jin-Gen Chen yang zou Gui-Min Liu University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Shanghai 201800China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

A molten chloride salt fast reactor(MCFR)is well suited to fuel breeding and the transmutation of transuranium(TRU)elements owing to its advantageous features of fast neutron spectrum and high TRU ***,the neutron absorption cross section of 35Cl is approximately 1000 times greater than for 37Cl,which has a significant impact on the neutron physical characteristics of a *** on an automatic online refueling and reprocessing procedure,the influences of 37Cl enrichment on neutron economy,breeding performance,and the production of harmful nuclides were *** show that 37Cl enrichment strongly influences the neutron properties of a *** natural chlorine,233U breeding cannot be achieved and the yields of S and 36Cl are very *** the 37Cl enrichment to 97%brings a clear improvement in its neutronics property,making it almost equal to that corresponding to 100%***,when 37Cl is enriched to 99%,its neutronics parameters are almost the same as for 100%*** the enrichment cost and the neutron properties,a 37Cl enrichment of 97%is *** an optimal neutronics performance requires 99%37Cl enrichment.

关键词： Molten salt reactor Molten chlorine salt fast reactor 37Cl enrichment Th-U fuel breeding

Effect of reprocessing on neutrons of a molten chloride salt fast reactor

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第3期34卷 154-170页

作者： Liao-Yuan He Yong Cui Liang Chen Shao-Peng Xia Lin-Yi Hu yang zou Rui Yan Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China CAS Innovative Academies in TMSR Energy System Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China University of Manchester Manchester M139PLUK

Due to their unique features,such as the inherent safety,simplified fuel cycle,and continuous on-line reprocessing,molten salt reactors(MSRs)are regarded as one of the six reference reactors in the Generation IV International Forum(GEN-IV).Molten chloride salt fast reactors(MCFRs)are a type of *** to molten fluoride salt reactors(MFSRs),MCFRs have a higher solubility of heavy metal atoms,a harder neutron spectrum,lower accumulation of fission products(FPs),and better breeding and transmutation ***,MCFRs have been recognized as a type of MSR with great prospects for future ***,as the most important feature for MSRs,the effect of different reprocessing modes on MCFRs must be researched in *** such,this study investigated the effect of different isotopes,especially FPs,on the neutronic performance of an MCFR,such as its breeding ***,the characteristics of the different reprocessing modes and MCFR rates were analyzed in terms of safety,radioactivity level,neutron economy,and breeding *** the end,a reprocessing method suitable for MCFRs was determined through calculation and analysis,which provides a reference for the further research of MCFRs.

关键词： Molten chloride salt fast reactor(MCFR) On-line reprocessing Batch-reprocessing Breeding ratio(BR) Doubling time(DT)