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Fractal dimension and thermodynamic fluctuation properties of IDV light curves

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2011年第9期11卷 1031-1045页

作者： Chun-Sing Leung Jian-Yan Wei zoltan kovlics Tiberiu Harko National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Physics The University ofHong Kong Pok Fu Lam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

Fractals are a basic tool for phenomenologicalty describing natural ob- jects having a high degree of temporal or spatial variability. From a physical point of view the fractal properties of natural systems can also be interpreted by using the standard formalism of thermodynamical fluctuations. We introduce and analyze the fractal dimension of the Intra-Day-Variability （IDV） light-curves of BL Lac objects, in the optical, radio and X-ray bands. A general description of the fluctuation spec- trum of these systems based on general thermodynamical principles is also proposed. Based on the general fractal properties of a given physical system, we also introduce the predictability index for the IDV light curves. We have explicitly determined the fractal dimension for the R-band observations of five blazars, as well as for the ra- dio band observations of the compact extragalactic radio source J 1128＋5925 and of several X-ray sources. Our results show that the fractal dimension of the optical and X-ray observations indicates an almost pure ＂Brownian noise＂（random walk） spectrum, with a very low predictability index, while in the radio band the predictability index is much higher. We have also studied the spectral properties of the IDV light curves and we have shown that their spectral index is very closely correlated with the corresponding fractal dimension.

关键词： galaxies -- quasars: emission lines -- instabilities -- gravitation

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