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实践中的Krashen输入假说和Swain输出假说:设计“i+1”教学技巧

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外语教学理论与实践 1994年第1期 26-28页

作者： zoltán dǒrnyei 宋孔尧

Stephen Krashen 的语言学习理论引起激烈的争论和学术讨论,但通过对进行实践的教师的思想态度的影响,它无疑把语言学理论和实际语言教学连接了起来。本文着重阐述 Krashen 一部分语言习得概念——输入假说的实践意义。它就是 Krashen... 详细信息

Stephen Krashen 的语言学习理论引起激烈的争论和学术讨论,但通过对进行实践的教师的思想态度的影响,它无疑把语言学理论和实际语言教学连接了起来。本文着重阐述 Krashen 一部分语言习得概念——输入假说的实践意义。它就是 Krashen所认为的“这个理论的最重要的部分”,因为它试图解答语言学习究竟是如何产生的以及用何种方式(课堂内与课堂外)

关键词：输入假说教学技巧输出假说语言学习理论理解性输入语言输入学习者语言教学学生语言习得

Cuckoo parasitism on two closely-related Acrocephalus warblers in distant areas:a case of parallel coevolution?

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Chinese Birds 2012年第4期3卷 320-329,342页

作者： Csaba MOSKaT Fugo TAKASU A.Roman MU OZ Hiroshi nAKAMURA Miklós Ban zoltán BARTA 匈牙利科学院生态学研究组/匈牙利罗兰大学/匈牙利自然历史博物馆日本奈良女子大学信息与计算机科学系西班牙Fundacian MigresN-340Km.96AlgecirasE-11390Cádiz 日本信州大学教育学院生物学系匈牙利德布勒森大学进化动物学系行为生态学研究组

Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus) parasitize nests of small passerines.e Cuckoo chicks cause the death of their nest-mates when evicting eggs or nestlings from the nests;consequently,hosts su er from a high loss of *** adaptations against parasitism,e.g.,by egg discrimination behavior,and cuckoo counter-adaptations to hosts,e.g.,by mimetic eggs,are often regarded as a result of the arms race between the two interacting *** Hungary Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundinaceus) are the main hosts of cuckoos,su ering from heavy parasitism(ca.40-65%).e Oriental Reed Warbler(***),formerly a subspecies of the Great Reed Warbler(***),is also a highly parasitized host in Japan(25-40%).We compared main characteristics of Cuckoo parasitism in these two distant areas from the Western and Eastern Palearctic by comparing cuckoo egg *** measured color characteristics of host and parasitic eggs by *** modeling revealed lower chromatic distances between Cuckoo and host eggs in Hungary than in Japan,but high variation both in host and Cuckoo eggs may cause matching problems in ***(brightness) di erence between host and Cuckoo eggs were lower in Japan than in Hungary,and it proved to be the most important factor a ecting egg *** rejected Cuckoo eggs at similar frequencies(37% and 35% in Hungary and Japan,respectively).Host adaptation,i.e.,egg rejection behavior,seems to be preceding Cuckoo counter-adaptations to hosts in *** suggest that the Cuckoo-Great/Oriental Reed Warbler relationships developed in alternative ways in Japan and Hungary,and they represent di erent stages of their arms race.

关键词： Acrocephalus arundinaceus Acrocephalus orientalis arms race brood parasitism Cuculus canorus egg discrimination parallel coevolution

Chronic kidney disease severely deteriorates the outcome of gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第47期23卷 8415-8425页

作者： Roland Hágendorn nelli Farkas Aron Vincze zoltán Gyongyi dezso Csupor Judit Bajor Bálint Eross Péter Csécsei Andrea Vasas Zsolt Szakács László Szapáry Péter Hegyi Alexandra Mikó department of Gastroenterology First Department of MedicineUniversity of Pécs Institute of Bioanalysis University of Pécs department of Public Health Medicine University of Pécs department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Szeged Institute for Translational Medicine University of Pécs department of neurology University of Pécs

AIM To understand the influence of chronic kidney disease(CKd) on mortality, need for transfusion and rebleeding in gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding *** A systematic search was conducted in three databases for studies on GI bleeding patients with CKd or endstage renal disease(ESRd) with data on outcomes of mortality, transfusion requirement, rebleeding rate and length of hospitalization(LOH). Calculations were performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software using the random effects model. Heterogeneity was tested by using Cochrane's Q and I2 statistics. Mean difference(Md) and OR(odds ratio) were ***1063 articles(EMBASE: 589; PubM ed: 459; Cochrane: 15) were found in total. 5 retrospective articles and 1 prospective study were available for analysis. These 6 articles contained data on 406035 patients, of whom 51315 had impaired renal function. The analysis showed a higher mortality in the CKd group(OR = 1.786, 95%CI: 1.689-1.888, P nd the ESRd group(OR = 2.530, 95%CI: 1.386-4.616, P = 0.002), and a rebleeding rate(OR = 2.510, 95%CI: 1.521-4.144, P n patients with impaired renal function. CKd patients required more unit red blood cell transfusion(Md = 1.863, 95%CI: 0.812-2.915, P nd spent more time in hospital(Md = 13.245, 95%CI: 6.886-19.623, P n the *** ESRd increases mortality, need for transfusion, rebleeding rate and LOH among GI bleeding patients. Prospective patient registries and observational clinical trials are crucially needed.

关键词： Gastrointestinal bleeding Chronic kidney disease Mortality Blood transfusion Rebleeding

Frequency and prognostic role of mucosal healing in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis after one-year of biological therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2995-3001页

作者： Klaudia Farkas Péter László Lakatos Mónika Szcs va Pallagi-Kunstár Anita Bálint Ferenc nagy zoltán Szepes noémi Vass Lajos S Kiss Tibor Wittmann Tamás Molnár First department of Medicine University of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary First department of Medicine Semmelweis UniversityH1088 BudapestHungary department of Medical Physics and Informatics University of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary Faculty of Medicine Pediatrics DepartmentUniversity of SzegedH6720 SzegedHungary

AIM: To assess the endoscopic activity before and after a one-year period of biological therapy and to evaluate the frequency of relapses and need for retreatment after stopping the biologicals in patients with Crohn... 详细信息

关键词： Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Biological therapy, Endoscopy, Mucosal healing

Future Climate Impacts in Woodland and Forest Steppe Based on Holocene Paleoclimatic Trends, Paleobotanical Change in Central Part of the Carpathian Basin (Hungary)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 1187-1203页

作者： Katalin náfrádi Gusztáv Jakab Pál Sümegi zoltán Szelepcsényi Tünde Torocsik department of Geology and Paleontology University of SzegedSzegedHungary Szent István University SzarvasHungary Hungarian Archaeological Institute BudapestHungary

The Sirok nyírjes-tó peat bog provides an almost full Holocene climatic record reconstructed by bog surface wetness investigations based on plant macrofossil analysis. We compared our macrofossil data to anthracological material derived from archaeological sites and to the newest bioclimatological models of the Carpathian basin. On the basis of environmental historical and climatic data we aimed to reconstruct the expected changes of forested areas in the Carpathian Basin. The results indicate that the surface wetness decreases in long term. Parallel to the Sphagnum-peat decline an open forest and forest steppe developed surrounding the bog. The complete disappearance of Sphagna from the area must be linked to a steady drop in rainfall, resulting in at least 50 mm deficit in the local water balance. This could have been achieved by an increased evapotranspiration as a result of elevated temperatures of the summer growth season. This deficit value must have exceeded even 100 mm during the Middle Holocene Transition.

关键词： Carpathian Basin Climatic Change Forest Transformation Paleoecological data

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布达佩斯停车管理中的TdM实践

城市交通 2012年第1期10卷 1-5页

作者： zoltán Gyarmati 李薇美国交通与发展政策研究所欧洲代表处广州市市政工程设计研究院广东广州510060

中国目前的交通情况与过去的欧洲有很多相似之处,可借鉴其相关经验教训。以匈牙利布达佩斯为例,探讨其如何利用交通需求管理措施进行城市停车管理。首先指出停车管理的目标应为降低小汽车的使用需求、强化公共交通相对于私人交通的竞争... 详细信息

中国目前的交通情况与过去的欧洲有很多相似之处,可借鉴其相关经验教训。以匈牙利布达佩斯为例,探讨其如何利用交通需求管理措施进行城市停车管理。首先指出停车管理的目标应为降低小汽车的使用需求、强化公共交通相对于私人交通的竞争力。然后,在路内停车管理层面,剖析中国停车管理存在的问题,分别从政策及标准、运营管理模式、技术应用三方面阐述布达佩斯的实践经验。在路外停车管理层面,指出中国未对项目开发商提出公交可达性要求,同时介绍了布达佩斯项目开发许可程序的相关要求及经验。最后,强调应与市民进行有效沟通,使市民明确知道停车收费的目的及收益用途。

关键词：交通需求管理停车管理路内停车路外停车停车收费

Interplay between nitric oxide and VIP in CCK-8-induced phasic contractile activity in the rabbit sphincter of Oddi

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第21期11卷 3264-3266页

作者： Attila Pálv(o|¨)lgyi Réka Sári József németh Annamária Szabolcs István nagy Péter Hegyi János Lonovics zoltán Szilvássy First department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of SzegedH-6720 SzegedKorányi fasor 8-10 Hungary department of Pharmacology Medical University of Pécs H-7643 Pécs Szigeti u. 12 Hungary First department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged H-6720 Szeged Korányi fasor 8-10 Hungary department of Pharmacology Medical University of debrecen H-4032 DebrecenNagyerdei krt.98Hungary

AIM: The sphincter of Oddi (SO) plays an important role in delivery of bile into the duodenum. To establish whether vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and nitric oxide (nO) were involved in phasic contractile activity of the rabbit SO stimulated by cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8). METHOdS: Isolated SO muscle rings were cleaned of fat and mounted horizontally on two small L-shaped hooks one of which was connected to a force transducer for the measurement of isometric *** experiments were carried out in a thermostatically controlled (37±0.2℃) organ bath (5 mL) containing Krebs *** organ fluid was gassed with 95% O2 and 50 mL/L CO2 to keep the pH at 7.40±0.05. Contractile responses to CCK-8 (1 μmol/L) were evaluated in the presence and absence of nG-nitro-L-arginine (LnnA), an inhibitor of nO synthase (100 μmol/L), and (p-chloro-d-Phe6-Leu17)-VIP (VlPa, 30 μmol/L), a VIP receptor antagonist. RESULTS: CCK-8 stimulated the phasic activity of the SO. nO synthase inhibition increased the frequency and amplitude of contractions with a slight increase in developed tension. Pre-incubation with VlPa also attenuated this CCK-8 effect. The combined application of LnnA and VlPa abolished the phasic activity of the muscle rings with a marked increase in tension in response to CCK-8. COnCLUSIOn: VIP and nO together contribute to an increase in phasic activity of SO.

关键词： Sphincter of Oddi CCK VIP nO LnnA

Characterization of H^+ and HCO_3^- transporters in CFPAC-1 human pancreatic duct cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第6期12卷 885-895页

作者： zoltánRakonczayJr AmyFearn PéterHegy MichaelAGray BarryEArgent PéterHegyi Imre Boros institute for Cell anti Molecular Biosciences.University of newcastle upon Tyne Medical SchoolNewcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HHUnited Kingdom First department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SzegedH-6720 Szeged institute for Cell anti Molecular Biosciences.University of newcastle upon Tyne Medical SchoolNewcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Hungarian Academy of Sciences Biological Research CenterInstitute of BiochemistryH-6726 Szeged

AIM： To characterize H^＋ and HCO3^- transporters in polarized CFPAC-1 human pancreatic duct cells, which were derived from a cystic fibrosis patient with the AF508 CFTR mutation. METHOdS： CFPAC-1 cells were seeded at high density onto permeable supports and grown to confluence. The cells were loaded with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye BCECF, and mounted into a perfusion chamber, which allowed the simultaneous perfusion of the basolateral and apical membranes. Transmembrane base flux was calculated from the changes in intracellular pH and the buffering capacity of the cells. RESULTS： Our results showed differential permeability to HCO3^＋/CO2 at the apical and basolateral membranes of CFPAC-1 cells. na^＋/HCO3^- co-transporters （nBCs） and Cl^-/HCO3^- exchangers （AEs） were present on the basolateral membrane, and na＋/H＋ exchangers （nHEs） on both the apical and basolateral membranes of the cells. Basolateral HCO3 uptake was sensitive to variations of extracellular K^＋ concentration, the membrane permeable carbonic anhydrase （CA） inhibitors acetazolamide （100 μmol/L） and ethoxyzolamide （100 μmol/L）, and was partially inhibited by H2-dIdS （600 μmol/L）. The membrane-impermeable CA inhibitor 1-n-（4-sulfamoylphenylethyl）-2,4,6-trimethylpyridine perchlorate did not have any effect on HCO3^- *** basolateral AE had a much higher activity than that in the apical membrane, whereas there was no such difference with the nHE under resting conditions. Also, 10 μmol/L forskolin did not significantly influence Cl^-/HCO3^- exchange on the apical and basolateral membranes. The administration of 250 μmol/L H2-dIdS significantly inhibited the basolateral AE. Amiloride （300 μmol/L） completely inhibited nHEs on both membranes of the cells. RT-PCR revealed the expression of pnBC1, AE2, and nHE1 mRnA. COnCLUSIOn： These data suggest that apart from the lack of CFTR and apical Cl^-/HCO3^- exchanger activity, CFPAC-1 cells express similar H^＋ and HCO3^- transporters to those observe

关键词： CFPAC-1 Pancreatic duct cells HCO3^- Intracellular pH

规划得当,停车不是难题——布达佩斯停车管理中的TdM实践经验

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房地产导刊 2012年第7期 96-98页

作者： zolt á n Gyarmati 李薇交通和发展政策研究所

交通需求管理(Travel demand Management,TdM)综合考虑社会、经济和环境对交通的影响,利用一系列的战略、政策及行动规划,指导和优化机动车的使用,支持可持续出行并改善交通设施。交通需求管理措施在欧盟国家中的应用已有较长历史,由此... 详细信息

交通需求管理(Travel demand Management,TdM)综合考虑社会、经济和环境对交通的影响,利用一系列的战略、政策及行动规划,指导和优化机动车的使用,支持可持续出行并改善交通设施。交通需求管理措施在欧盟国家中的应用已有较长历史,由此积累了大量经验。近年来,中国经济强势增长,但也带来了负面影响——机动化水平的提高。现今中国的交通情况

关键词：停车管理收益财政管理路内停车泊位停车系统匈牙利布达佩斯 TdM 长远计划规划