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Responses of Phosphorus Use Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality to Phosphorus Application Amount of Weak-Gluten Wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第7期11卷 1103-1110页

作者： zhu xin-kai LI Chun-yan JIANG Zong-qing HUANG Lian-lian FENG Chao-nian GUO Wen-shan PENG Yong-xin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research Institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009P. R. China

Phosphorus （P） is one of the most widely occurring nutrients for development and growth of wheat. In this study, the effects of P application amount on grain yield, protein content, and phosphorus use efficiency （PUE） were studied by agronomic management of P fertilizer on spring weak-gluten wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） grown under field conditions for 2 yr. The experiments were performed at five levels of P205 application amount, including 0, 72, 108, 144, and 180 kg ha-1. As a result, with increase in P fertilizer, grain yield, and P agricultural efficiency （AEp） increased in a quadratic equitation, but partial factor productivity of P （PFPp） decreased in a logarithmic eq. When 108 kg ha-1 P2Os was applied, the grain yield reached the highest level, but the protein content in gain was lower than 11.5%, a threshold for the protein content to evaluate weak-gluten wheat suitable for production of cake and biscuit. Yangmai 13 and Ningmai 9 could tolerate to higher P level of soils than Yangmai 9 that had more loss in grain yield when P fertilizer was over-applied. AEp had a concomitant relationship with grain yield and was a better descriptor for P use efficiency in the wheat. A high P use efficiency resulted in leaf area index （LAI）, increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate, and stable acid phophatase （APase） activity to accumulate more dry matter after anthesis, which explained that the optimum P fertilizer increased grain yield and improved grain quality of weak-gluten wheat.

关键词： phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency grain yield and quality weak-gluten wheat

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Tiller fertility is critical for improving grain yield,photosynthesis,and nitrogen efficiency in wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 2054-2066页

作者： DING Yong-gang ZHANG xin-bo MA Quan LI Fu-jian TAO Rong-rong zhu Min LI Chun-yan zhu xin-kai GUO Wen-shan DING Jin-feng Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co. Ltd.Suqian 223800P.R.China

Genetic improvement has promoted wheat’s grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)during the past ***,the current wheat cultivars exhibit higher grain yield and NUE than previous cultivars in the Yangtze River Basin,China since the ***,the critical traits and mechanisms of the increased grain yield and NUE remain *** study explores the mechanisms underlying these new cultivars’increased grain yield and NUE by studying 21 local cultivars cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 to *** positive correlations were observed between grain yield and NUE in the three *** cultivars were grouped into high(HH),medium(MM),and low(LL)grain yield and NUE *** HH group exhibited significantly high grain yield and *** grain yield was attributed to more effective ears by high tiller fertility and greater single-spike yield by increasing post-anthesis single-stem *** to other groups,the HH group demonstrated a longer leaf stay-green ability and a greater flag leaf photosynthetic rate after *** also showed higher N accumulation at pre-anthesis,which contributed to increasing N accumulation per stem,including stem and leaf sheath,leaf blade,and unit leaf area at pre-anthesis,and promoting N uptake efficiency,the main contribution of high ***,tiller fertility was positively related to N accumulation per stem,N accumulation per unit leaf area,leaf stay-green ability,and flag leaf photosynthetic rate,which indicates that improving tiller fertility promoted N uptake,leaf N accumulation,and photosynthetic ability,thereby achieving synchronous improvements in grain yield and ***,tiller fertility is proposed as an important kernel indicator that can be used in the breeding and management of cultivars to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability.

关键词： grain yield NUE tiller fertility photosynthesis nitrogen uptake

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Effects of Elevated Ozone Concentration on Starch and Starch Synthesis Enzymes of Yangmai 16 Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第12期12卷 2157-2163页

作者： ZHANG Ru-biao HU Hai-juan ZHAO Zheng YANG Dan-dan zhu xin-kai GUO Wen-shan zhu Jian-guo Kazuhiko Kobayashi Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Physiology Jiangsu Province/Wheat Research InstituteYangzhou University State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo

O3 is not only greenhouse gas but also a primary gaseous contaminant in the *** has long-lasting effects on crop growth,yield and quality,and brings a series of ecological and environmental problems.A free-air controlled enrichment（FACE） system was applied to study the effect of elevated ozone concentration on activities of key enzymes of starch synthesis of Yangmai 16 in *** main-plot treatment had two levels of O 3 ：ambient level（A-O 3） and 50% higher than ambient level（E-O 3）.The main results were that accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch were represented in a single peak curve,and their content and accumulation amount rose *** O 3 elevation decreased the accumulation rate of amylose,amylopectin and starch amylase,reduced the accumulation amount of amylopectin and starch,and decreased the content of amylopectin and starch,but increased the content of *** the increase of O 3 concentration,the enzyme activity of grain granule-bound starch synthase（GBSS）,soluble starch synthase（SSS） and starch branching enzyme（SBE） decreased after *** activities of GBSS and SSS had highly significant correlations with amylose,amylopectin and starch accumulation rate,and the activity of SBE had significant correlations with these *** the O 3 elevation decreased the activity of key enzymes of starch synthesis,which led to the variation of starch synthesis.

关键词： O3 FACE wheat starch activity of enzymes

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Detection and enumeration of wheat grains based on a deep learning method under various scenarios and scales

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第8期19卷 1998-2008页

作者： WU Wei YANG Tian-le LI Rui CHEN Chen LIU Tao ZHOU kai SUN Cheng-ming LI Chun-yan zhu xin-kai GUO Wen-shan Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009P.R.China

Grain number is crucial for analysis of yield components and assessment of effects of cultivation *** grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight can be measured by counting grains manually,but it is time-consuming,tedious and *** image processing algorithms cannot work well with different backgrounds and different *** study used deep learning methods to resolve the limitations of traditional image processing *** grain image datasets were collected in the scenarios of three varieties,six background and two image acquisition devices with different heights,angles and grain numbers,1748 images in *** images were processed through color space conversion,image flipping and *** grain was manually annotated,and the datasets were divided into training set,validation set and test *** used the TensorFlow framework to construct the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network *** the transfer learning method,we optimized the wheat grain detection and enumeration *** total loss of the model was less than 0.5 and the mean average precision was *** with previous grain counting algorithms,the grain counting error rate of this model was less than 3%and the running time was less than 2 *** model can be effectively applied under a variety of backgrounds,image sizes,grain sizes,shooting angles,and shooting heights,as well as different levels of grain *** constitutes an effective detection and enumeration tool for wheat *** study provides a reference for further grain testing and enumeration applications.

关键词： wheat grain deep learning Faster R-CNN object detection counting

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Effects of High Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Flag Leaves of Wheat During Grain Filling Period

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第6期5卷 425-430页

作者： LIU Ping GUO Wen-shan PU Han-chun FENG Chao-nian zhu xin-kai PENG Yong-xin Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Wheat Research Institute Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009PR.China

On the basis of the phytotron, the effects of high temperature （daily average temperature 25, 30, 35 and 40℃, respectively） on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in flag leaves of wheat at 50% relative air moisture during grain fastest filling stage [19-21 days after anthesis （DAA）] were studied. The wheat cultivars tested were Yangmai 9 with weak-gluten and Yangmai 12 with medium-gluten. Compared with 25℃, the higher the temperature was, the higher was the MDA content in flag leaves, while lower were the SOD, POD, and CAT activities. SOD and CAT activities in Yangmai 12 appeared to be more sensitive to high temperature than that in Yangmai 9. But POD activity in Yangmai 12 was less sensitive to high temperature. MDA content in Yangmai 12 was higher than that in Yangmai 9. The 1000-grain weight declined with increase in temperature.

关键词： wheat high temperature grain filling period antioxidant enzymes lipid peroxidation flag leaves

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A two-field-scan harmonic Hall voltage analysis for fast, accurate quantification of spin-orbit torques in magnetic heterostructures

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 109-116页

作者： xin Lin Lijun zhu State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

We report on the development of a “two-field-scan” harmonic Hall voltage(HHV) analysis, which collects the second HHVas a function of a swept in-plane magnetic field at 45° and 0° relative to the excitation current, for the determination of the spin-orbit torques of transverse spins in magnetic heterostructures without significant perpendicular spins, longitudinal spins, and longitudinal/perpendicular Oersted fields. We demonstrate that this two-field-scan analysis is as accurate as the well-established but time-consuming angle-scan HHV analysis even in the presence of considerable thermoelectric effects but takes more than a factor of 7 less measurement time. We also show that the fit of the HHV data from a single field scan at 0°, which is commonly employed in the literature, is not reliable because the employment of too many free parameters in the fitting of the very slowly varying HHV signal allows erroneous conclusion about the spin-orbit torque efficiencies.

关键词： spin-orbit torque spin current spin-orbit coupling spintronics

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Modern phenomics to empower holistic crop science, agronomy, and breeding research

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第8期51卷 790-800页

作者： Ni Jiang xin-Guang zhu Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Crop phenomics enables the collection of diverse plant traits for a large number of samples along different time scales,representing a greater data collection throughput compared with traditional *** modern crop phenomics use different sensors to collect reflective,emitted,and fluorescence signals,etc.,from plant organs at different spatial and temporal *** multi-modal,high-dimensional data not only accelerates basic research on crop physiology,genetics,and whole plant systems modeling,but also supports the optimization of field agronomic practices,internal environments of plant factories,and ultimately crop *** challenges and opportunities facing the current crop phenomics research community include developing community consensus or standards for data collection,management,sharing,and processing,developing capabilities to measure physiological parameters,and enabling farmers and breeders to effectively use phenomics in the field to directly support agricultural production.

关键词： Crop phenomics High-throughput phenotyping Traits Crop designer breeding Agronomy

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内幕交易惩罚性赔偿制度之质疑

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河北法学 2017年第9期35卷 155-164页

作者：朱开鑫对外经济贸易大学法学院北京100029

惩罚性赔偿制度作为利用私法机制实现公法职能的一项制度,迥异于传统的补偿性赔偿制度。超额赔偿使得平等的民事主体间处于了不平等的地位,故应审慎考量其适用范围。内幕交易作为商事领域的一种不法行为,无论是在适用范围、责任构成还... 详细信息

惩罚性赔偿制度作为利用私法机制实现公法职能的一项制度,迥异于传统的补偿性赔偿制度。超额赔偿使得平等的民事主体间处于了不平等的地位,故应审慎考量其适用范围。内幕交易作为商事领域的一种不法行为,无论是在适用范围、责任构成还是价值功能上都难与惩罚性赔偿制度的要求相契合,因而建构内幕交易惩罚性赔偿制度的意义值得怀疑,相关立法尝试仍需从长计议。

关键词：内幕交易惩罚性赔偿适用范围责任构成制度价值

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A sustainable process to 100%bio-based nylons integrated chemical and biological conversion of lignocellulose

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 390-402页

作者： Ruijia Hu Ming Li Tao Shen xin Wang zhuohua Sun xinning Bao Kequan Chen kai Guo Lei Ji Hanjie Ying Pingkai Ouyang Chenjie zhu College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina

Considerable progress has been made in recent years to the development of sustainable polymers from bio-based *** this study,100%bio-based nylons were prepared via an integrated chemical and biological process from *** novel nylons were obtained by the melt polymerization of 3-propyladipic acid derived from lignin and 1,5-pentenediamine/1,4-butanediamine derived from carbohydrate *** to the concept is a three-step noble metal free catalytic chemical funnelling sequence(Raney Ni mediated reductive catalytic fractionation-reductive funnelling-oxidative funnelling),which allowed for obtaining a single component 3-propyladipic acid from lignin with high *** structural and thermodynamic properties of the obtained nylons have been systematically investigated,and thus obtained transparent bio-based nylons exhibited higher Mw(>32,000)and excellent thermal stability(Td5%>265℃).Considering their moderate Tg and good melt strength,these transparent bio-based nylons could serve as promising functional additives or temperature-responsive materials.

关键词： Lignocellulose Lignin Reductive catalytic fractionation Bio-based nylon

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Atomic-level unveiling secondary recrystallization enabled microand macroscopic polarization enhancement for piezophotocatalytic oxygen activation

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5040-5049页

作者： kai Lin Zijian zhu Weiyi Ge Tianxing Jiang Hongwei Huang Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Material Sciences and TechnologyChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Chemistry Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Piezoelectric semiconductors bear the bifunctional photocatalysis and piezocatalysis,while the absent or weak internal charge driving force severely restricts its catalytic *** polarization strategy is desirable,and particularly understanding its mechanism from a microscopic perspective remains ***,we report a secondary recrystallization approach to achieving the simultaneous micro-and macroscopic polarization enhancement on Bi2WO6 nanosheets for boosting piezo-photocatalytic oxygen activation,and unravel the mechanism at an *** secondary recrystallization process not only results in a strengthened distortion of[WO6]octahedra with distortion index enhancement by~20%for a single octahedron,but also enables lateral crystal growth of nanosheets along the ab plane(av.50 to 180 nm),which separately allows the rise in dipole moment of unit cell(e.g.,1.63 D increase along a axis)and the stacking of the distorted[WO6]octahedron to accumulate the unit cell dipole,collectively contributing to the considerably strengthened spontaneous polarization and ***,exposure of large-area{001}front facet enables more efficient capture and conversion of stress into ***,the well-recrystallized Bi2WO6 nanosheets exhibit considerably promoted piezo-photocatalytic reactive oxygen species generation,given the decreased specific surface *** work presents a feasible methodology to regulate inside-out polarization for guiding carriers transfer behavior,and may advance the solid understanding on the intrinsic mechanism.

关键词： secondary recrystallization piezo-photocatalytic oxygen activation octahedron distortion polar units stacking micro-and macroscopic polarization enhancement

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