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Normal Faulting Type Earthquake Activities in the Tibetan Plateau and Its Tectonic Implication

Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第1期84卷 135-144页

作者： XU Jiren zhao zhixin Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037

This paper analyzes various earthquake fault types, mechanism solutions, stress field as well as other geophysical data to study the crust movement in the Tibetan plateau and its tectonic implications. The results show that a lot of normal faulting type earthquakes concentrate in the central Tibetan plateau. Many of them are nearly perfect normal fault events. The strikes of the fault planes of the normal faulting earthquakes are almost in the N-S direction based on the analyses of the equal area projection diagrams of fault plane solutions. It implies that the dislocation slip vectors of the normal faulting type events have quite great components in the E-W direction. The extension is probably an eastward extensional motion, mainly a tectonic active regime in the altitudes of the plateau. The tensional stress in the E-W or WNW-ESE direction predominates the earthquake occurrence in the normal event region of the central plateau. A number of thrust fault and strike-slip fault type earthquakes with strong compressive stress nearly in the NNE-SSW direction occurred on the edges of the plateau. The eastward extensional motion in the Tibetan plateau is attributable to the eastward movement of materials in the upper mantle based on_seismo-tomographic results. The eastward extensional motion in the Tibetan plateau may be related to the eastward extrusion of hotter mantle materials beneath the east boundary of the plateau. The northward motion of the Tibetan plateau shortened in the N-S direction probably encounters strong obstructions at the western and northern margins. Extensional motions from the relaxation of the topography and/or gravitational collapse in the altitudes of the plateau occur hardly in the N-S direction. The obstruction for the plateau to move eastward is rather weak.

关键词： normal faulting earthquake focal mechanism solution eastward extensional motion stressfield gravitational collapse

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Three-dimensional crustal velocity structure of P-wave in East China from wide-angle reflection and refraction surveys

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第8期54卷 1389-1397页

作者： zhao zhixin XU JiRen Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

The 3-D crustal structure of P-wave velocity in East China is studied based on the data obtained by wide-angle seismic reflection and refraction *** results suggest that a deep Moho disconti-nuity exists in the western zone of the study region,being 35―48 ***-velocity structure zones exist in the upper crust shallower than 20 km beneath the Sulu and Dabie *** cause of high-velocity zones is attributable to high-pressure metamorphic(HPM) and ultra-high-pressure metamorphic(UHPM) terranes with high velocity and density exhuming up to the upper crust in the Sulu and Dabie *** zones of low velocity are in the lower crust,about 30 km beneath the Sulu and Dabie *** Moho discontinuity is as deep as 38 km beneath the Dabie region,deeper than those in the surrounding *** Moho discontinuity beneath the Sulu orogenic region is also a little deeper than those in its vicinity,being about 32 *** deep Moho discontinuity zone implies that the low crustal velocity structure zone is in that *** low-velocity characteristics in the lower crust are probably related to the remnant crustal root of the old mountains due to the orogeny in the Sulu and Dabie *** high-velocity anomalous zones in the upper crust and low-velocity anomalous zones in the lower crust beneath the Sulu region are all located northeast of the northern segment of the Tan-Lu ***,the high-and low-velocity anomalous zones beneath the Dabie region are located southwest of the southern segment of the Tan-Lu *** a distribution of the velocity-anomalous zones looks to be attributable a left lateral slip motion along the Tan-Lu *** distribution pattern of the velocity-anomalous zones may show some evidence for the left strike-slip motion regime of the Tan-Lu fault.

关键词：地壳速度结构广角反射 P波速度折射华东三维大别山地区郯庐断裂带

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Surface oxidized iron-nickel nanorods anchoring on graphene architectures for oxygen evolution reaction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第11期32卷 3579-3583页

作者： Xu Yu zhixin zhao Chengang Pei School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000China

Surface oxidized iron-nickel nanorods coupling with reduced graphene architectures(FeNi-O-rGA)are successfully constructed via hydrothermal,freeze-drying,and thermal activation *** hierarchical structure can provide lots of pathways for fast ion diffusion and charge transfer,and expose abundant catalytic ***,the activity of FeNi-O-rGA is boosted by the optimized metal-oxygen bond strength in FeNi_(3)*** oxidized FeNi nanorods are strongly coupled with rGA by the formation of metal-O-C bonds,which can impede the aggregation of FeNi_(3)alloys and increase the utilization of active *** special structure and partially oxidized FeNi nanorods for FeNi-O-rGA can result in excellent OER activity and catalytic *** 215 mV of overpotential is required to drive the current density of 10 mA/cm^(2)as well as the Tafel slope of 50.9 mV/dec in 1 mol/L *** change of surface chemistry of FeNi-O-rGA is confirmed by XPS after the OER test,which indicates the highly catalytic stability of FeNi-O-rGA due to the formation of intermediate metal oxyhydroxide.

关键词： Architectures Graphene oxides FeNi nanorods Metallic oxide Oxygen evolution reaction

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Shallow Structure of the Crust in the Sulu-Dabie Region,China and its Seismotectonic Implication

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第3期95卷 988-995页

作者： XU Jiren LI Haibing QI Xuexiang zhao zhixin Jiangsu Donghai-Sichuan Longmenshan Crustal Activity National Observation and Research Station DonghaiJiangsu 222300China Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China

The P-wave velocity structure in the shallow crust is investigated in and around the Sulu-Dabie region by using seismic reflection data for deep soundings in 48 survey profiles and from rock velocity *** observed velocity distributions show obvious heterogeneities in this *** low velocity anomalies are observed mainly in the west of the Dabie region and the East Sea *** high velocity anomalies emerge in the shallow crust of the Sulu and Dabie *** high-velocity anomalies can be attributed to the ultra-high pressure metamorphosed(UHPM)rock formed by exhumation motion of mantle materials during the *** high-velocity anomalies in the different shallow layers beneath the Sulu region are located to the northeast of the Tan-Lu *** high-velocity anomalies beneath the Dabie region are located southwest of the Tan-Lu *** a distribution pattern of velocity anomaly zones may reveal historical motion of a left-lateral strike-slip for the Tan-Lu fault,which differs from the result of a right-lateral strike-slip motion regime known from modern seismology,indicating a more complex tectonic motion along the Tan-Lu fault.

关键词： high seismic velocity anomaly shallow crust strike-slip motion Tan-Lu fault Sulu-Dabie orogen

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Synthetic seismograms of ground motion near earthquake fault using simulated Green's function method

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第24期51卷 3018-3025页

作者： zhao zhixin zhao zhao XU Jiren Ryuji Kubota Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Konica Minolta Tokyo 192-8505 Japan Kawasaki Geological Engineering Co. Ltd. Tokyo 2-11-15 Mita Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8337 Japan

Seismograms near source fault were synthesized using the hybrid empirical Green’s func-tion method where the discretely simulated seismic waveforms are used for Green’s functions instead of the observed waveforms of small earthquakes. The Green’s function seismic waveforms for small earth-quake were calculated by solving wave equation us-ing the pseudo-spectral method with the staggered grid real FFT strategy under a detailed 2-D velocity structure in Kobe region. Magnitude and seismic moment of simulated Green’s function waveforms were firstly determined by using the relationship be-tween fault length and corner frequency of source spectrum. The simulated Green’s function waveforms were employed to synthesize seismograms of strong ground motion near the earthquake fault. The syn-thetic seismograms of the target earthquake were performed based on the model with multiple source rupture processes. The results suggest that synthe-sized seismograms coincide well with observed seismic waveforms of the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake. The simulated Green’s function method is very useful for prediction of the strong ground mo-tion in region without observed seismic waveforms. The present technique spreads application field of the empirical Green’s function method.

关键词：合成地震图地震波形地面运动震源断层模拟Green函数法

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Geothermic activity and seismotectonics in the altitude of the Tibetan plateau

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Earthquake Science 2009年第6期22卷 651-658页

作者： Jiren Xu zhixin zhao Institute of Geology Chinese Aeademy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China

In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture, seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Chinese seismic net and geothermal data. The results suggest that the region of anomalously geothermal activity almost coincides with that of the normal faulting type earthquake. The geothermal anomaly activity region coincides spatially with that of the events deeper than 60 km as well as. The normal faulting earthquakes may be mainly tectonic activity regimes until 110 km deep in the thermal anomaly region. The strike directions of events are likely the N-S direction, coinciding with the strike of the thermal anomaly active belts. The earthquakes align along the normal faults and faulted-depression zone with the N-S direction. The thermal anomaly activity also distributes along the faulted-depression zone. Many events deeper than 60 km exist in the anomalously geothermal activity region in the plateau. Events extend to bottom of the lithosphere of 110 km from the surface, like columnar seismic crowd. The lithosphere extends along the E-W direction due to the E-W extensional stress in the central and southern Tibetan plateau, altitude of the plateau. The t6nsional stress in the E-W results in the lithosphere fractures and the normal faults striking N-S direction, grabens and faulted-depression zones. Thermal material from the asthenosphere wells upward to the surface along deep seismic fractures and faults through the thick crust. The anomalously thermal activities are attributable to the upwelling thermal material from the mantle in the altitude of Tibetan plateau.

关键词： Tibetan plateau normal faulting type earthquake geothermic activity middle and deep earthquakes seismotectonics

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Learning Scalable Task Assignment with Imperative-Priori Conflict Resolution in Multi-UAV Adversarial Swarm Defense Problem

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第1期37卷 369-388页

作者： zhao zhixin CHEN Jie XIN Bin LI Li JIAO Keming ZHENG Yifan School of Electronics and Information Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Automation Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Beijing 100081China Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China.

The multi-UAV adversary swarm defense(MUASD)problem is to defend a static base against an adversary UAV swarm by a defensive UAV *** the problem into task assignment and low-level interception strategies is a widely used ***-based approaches for task assignment are a promising *** studies on learning-based methods generally assume decentralized decision-making architecture,which is not beneficial for conflict *** contrast,centralized decision-making architecture is beneficial for conflict resolution while it is often detrimental to *** achieve scalability and conflict resolution simultaneously,inspired by a self-attention-based task assignment method for sensor target coverage problem,a scalable centralized assignment method based on self-attention mechanism together with a defender-attacker pairwise observation preprocessing(DAP-SelfAtt)is ***,an imperative-priori conflict resolution(IPCR)mechanism is proposed to achieve conflict-free ***,the IPCR mechanism is parallelized to enable efficient *** validate the algorithm,a variant of proximal policy optimization algorithm(PPO)is employed for training in scenarios of various *** experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only achieves conflict-free task assignment but also maintains scalability,and significantly improve the success rate of defense.

关键词： Conflict resolution reinforcement learning scalability task assignment.

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Long-Term Geophysical Observations and Analysis of the World's Deepest Borehole

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 1061-1062页

作者： XU Jiren zhao zhixin ZENG Xiangzhi PI Jinyun Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Objective In order to reduce the interfering noise from the earth surface, scientists have carried out multi-geophysical borehole observations and the related study. This study aims at improving signal-to-noise ratio obtained from the observation data to obtain zero noise data, which will be of great help to improve geophysical studies. Insights from this study will be significant for the earthquake disaster reduction, resource exploration and environmental protection.

关键词： Long-Term Geophysical Observations and Analysis of the World’s Deepest Borehole

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Simulation of Dynamic Property for Wave Reflection in Basin over a Half Infinite Space by Staggered Grid RFFT Differentiation

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Open Journal of Geology 2015年第5期5卷 340-350页

作者： zhixin zhao Jiren Xu Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

Simulations for seismic wave propagation in the sedimentary basin over half-infinite rock space were performed in this analysis. The results indicated that the basin shape in heterogeneous structures affected wave dynamic characteristics in propagating. The refraction wave from the rock brought the multireflection wave and the secondary surface wave in the basin. The waves oscillating up-down within the basin shook the buildings time after time resulting in heavy damage. The geometrical focusing by basin corners and the physical interference between waves significantly amplified the ground motions. The location of peak ground motion due to the interference was attributable to the apparent velocity difference between the secondary surface wave and the body wave. The late-arrival waves also resulted in the peak ground motion. The frequencies of the late-arrival waves of multireflection might cause dispersion. The late-arrival conversion waves with various frequencies widened the frequency band of seismic input waves shaking buildings and could seriously damage buildings with corresponding intrinsic frequencies.

关键词： Late-Arrival Wave Multireflection Apparent Velocities Frequency Band Widen Peak Ground Motion Damaging Buildings

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Leaf Vein Variations and Gene Control Mode of Cyclamen Hederifolium

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2015年第5期4卷 5-8页

作者： zhixin zhao Yan LIN Weizhen GUO Hebei Institute of Forestry Science Hebei Engineering and Technology Center of Forest Improved Variety

In order to explore the heredity of leaf veins of Cyclamen Hederifolium and to breed excellent varieties, selling measurement for six types of different leaf veins were carried out and the genetie constitutions of leaf veins were studied according to the separation conditions of their progenies. The results showed that the inbred progenies of B or M types were B or M types with a percentage of 100% while the progenies of F, H, X and L types had character segregations. The separa- tion law illustrated that leaf veins of Cyclamen Hederifolium were eontrolled by minor multiple genes and each locus was consisted of a pair of alleles, RL of Rn. RL was responsible for the green phenotype of leaves and RB was responsible for the silvery white phenotype of leaves, leaves were deep green when the genotype of the locus was RLRL ; leaves were green when the genotype was RLRB ; leaves were silvery white when the genotype was RBRB. The aggregafive pattern of each locus formed different leaf vein types. The gene control modes of leaf vein variations were the basis for the breeding of excellent varieties of Cyclamen Hederifolium.

关键词： Cyclamen Hederifolium Leaf vein variation Gene mode

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