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Calibration of the Solar X-ray Detector on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B for Soft X-ray Detection

Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 11-26页

作者： Man-Hei NG Xiaoping ZHANG Jianwu CHEN Yongqiang SHI Fuchang ZUO Wenxi PENG Weichun FU Liansheng LI Pengwei LUO Chi-Long TANG Guozheng ZHANG zhiwu mei Li WANG Cunhui LI Jiaming OU Yanyan Xu State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao999078China Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Laboratory Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing100190China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory Lanzhou Institute of PhysicsLanzhou730000China China National Space Administration(CNSA) Macao Center for Space Exploration and ScienceMacao999078China

The Solar X-ray Detector(SXD)on-board the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B)was successfully launched via the Chinese Long March-2C rocket on 21 May 2023,and commenced operations in early June of the same *** MSS-1B/Soft X-ray Detection Units(SXDUs)employ two silicon drift detectors(SDDs),providing a wide range of energy spectra spanning from 0.7 to 24 ***,the SXDUs deliver a high-resolution capability of 0.14 keV@5.9 keV and operate with a time cadence of 1 ***,we perform thorough calibrations of the MSS-1B/SXDUs,employing a combination of ground experiments and *** addition,quantitative analysis comparing the flux measurements obtained by the MSS-1B/SXDUs to the data collected by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite(GOES),provides compelling evidence of their ***,the preliminary spectral analysis results showcase the robustness and expected performance of the MSS-1B/SXDUs,unlocking their potential for facilitating the study of dynamic evolution of solar ***,the innovative MSS-1B/Solar X-ray Detector facilitates concurrent observations of solar soft and hard X-rays,thereby making valuable contributions to the advancements in solar research.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B) Calibration Solar X-Ray Detector Spectrometer Soft X-rays Solar flares Solar abundances

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Design of the solar X-ray detector for the Macao Science Satellite-1B

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第1期7卷 125-130页

作者： YongQiang Shi LianSheng Li JianWu Chen FuChang Zuo XiaoPing Zhang zhiwu mei Li Wang Keke Zhang Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

The solar X-ray detector(SXD)onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B was designed to monitor solar flare bursts and to study the solar activity in the 25th solar *** SXD includes two parts:a soft X-ray detection unit and a hard X-ray detection *** the soft X-ray detection unit and the hard X-ray detection unit include two collimators,two X-ray detectors(a silicon drift detector and a cadmium-zinc-telluride detector),and a processing *** with similar instruments,the energy range of the SXD is wider(1–600 ke V)and the energy resolution is better(150 e V at 5.9 ke V,12%at 59.5 ke V,and 3%at 662 keV).

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B) solar X-ray detector solar X-ray spectrometer

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The effective area calibration precision analysis of grazing incidence soft x-ray optical system

The effective area calibration precision analysis of grazing...

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新型导航技术及应用研讨会

作者： Shi Yongqiang mei zhiwu Lv Zhengxin Deng loulou Beijing institute of control and engineering

The grazing incidence soft X-ray optical system is the core equipment of future space science missions. The optical system expands the collecting area of x-ray photos and improves the SNR. The effective area calibration is the key indicator for testing and verifying the performance of the grazing incidence optical system. One of the traditional calibration methods uses the wide x-ray beam as the calibration x-ray source. This calibration method requires large ground equipment, high environmental conditions while the x-ray beam is not so parallel that the calibration accuracy is limited. Another effective area calibration method uses the narrow x-ray beam scan the optical system. In this paper, the above two effective area calibration methods of the grazing incidence optical system are modeled mathematically. The factors such as the parallelism of the beam, the uniformity of the beam and the characteristics of optical system are absorbed into the unified mathematical model for describing the effective area. The key factors which affect the effective area calibration accuracy are extracted, and their influences on the calibration result are analyzed. Eventually the two calibration methods accuracy is evaluated and the ways for improving the calibration accuracy are given. The effective area calibration is able to test and verify the collecting ability of x-ray photons of the grazing incidence optical system, which is the basis for the development of soft x-ray optics.

关键词： x-ray grazing incidence optics effective area(EA) calibration

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Design and technology review of the solar X-ray detector onboard the Macao Science Satellite-1B

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 3365-3380页

作者： ZUO FuChang SHI YongQiang CHEN JianWu ZHANG XiaoPing FU WeiChun CHANG Ye GAI FangQin LIU SiYuan XIONG Yan ZHANG HaiLi SUN Yan WANG Li ZHENG Ran LI LianSheng mei zhiwu HUANG He ZHA GangQiang ZHANG KeKe Space Optoelectronic Measurement and Perception Lab. Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100190China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China School of Astronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Key Laboratory of Radiation Detection Materials and Devices Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518063China

On May 21,2023,the Macao Science Satellite-1B(MSS-1B),a low-inclination,low-latitude,and high-precision scientific exploration satellite for geomagnetic fields and space environments,was successfully *** solar X-ray detector(SXD),one of the two major scientific payloads onboard the MSS-1B,has obtained a large amount of solar X-ray radiation data,which reveals the distribution law of the magnetic field in the low Earth orbit,as well as the coupling law of the Earth's magnetic field and the solar radiation and energy particle ***,the overall design of the multi-detection-unit,broad-energy-range,small-volume,and low-power SXD was implemented to achieve the scientific objectives of the ***,the technical indicators of the instrument were decomposed into various components,and the key technologies,such as collimator,processing circuit,thermal,and payload dataset designs,were ***,the backgrounds,including electronic noise,cosmic diffuse X-ray background,and high-energy background in the Earth's radiation belts in and out of the field of view,were analyzed for the ***,the ground calibrations of the energy response,detection efficiency,and temperature-dependent peak drift of the SXD flight model were ***,the in-orbit temperature,energy spectrum data,background,and solar flare process observation of the instrument in the in-orbit test stage are presented,verifying the instrument design,analysis,and ground calibration,providing a foundation for obtaining accurate solar X-ray radiation data,and achieving the scientific objectives of the satellite.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1B solar X-ray detector design and development solar flare technology review

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Design and development of grazing incidence X-ray mirror

Design and development of grazing incidence X-ray mirror

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新型导航技术及应用研讨会

作者： Fuchang Zuo zhiwu mei Tao Ma Loulou Deng Yongqiang Shi Liansheng Li Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Modern Optical Technology Institute of Soochow University

X-ray pulsar navigation has attracted extensive attentions from academy and engineering domains. The navigation accuracy is can be enhanced through design of X-ray mirrors to focus X-rays to a small detector. The Wolter-I optics, originally proposed based on a paraboloid mirror and a hyperboloid mirror for X-ray imaging, has long been widely developed and employed in X-ray observatory. Some differences, however, remain in the requirements on optics between astronomical X-ray observation and pulsar navigation. The simplified Wolter-I optics, providing single reflection by a paraboloid mirror, is more suitable for pulsar navigation. In this paper, therefore, the grazing incidence X-ray mirror was designed further based on our previous work, with focus on the reflectivity, effective area, angular resolution and baffles. To evaluate the performance of the manufactured mirror, the surface roughness and reflectivity were tested. The test results show that the grazing incidence mirror meets the design specifications. On the basis of this, the reflectivity of the mirror in the working bandwidth was extrapolated to evaluate the focusing ability of the mirror when it works together with the detector. The purpose of our current work to design and develop a prototype mirror was realized. It can lay a foundation and provide guidance for the development of multilayer nested X-ray mirror with larger effective area.

关键词： Grazing incidence mirror angular resolution effective area reflectivity pulsar navigation

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圆锥扫描地球敏感器前置放大电路稳定性分析

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空间控制技术与应用 2015年第6期41卷 25-30,46页

作者：涂智军张燚梅志武北京控制工程研究所北京100190

圆锥扫描地球敏感器(CES)是航天器的关键测量部件,其前置放大电路具有高增益、低噪声等特点.通过仿真分析得出电缆和器件参数差异显著影响其稳定性,在此基础上介绍电路稳定问题实例,提出采用频率补偿方法解决电路稳定性问题,并针对该方... 详细信息

圆锥扫描地球敏感器(CES)是航天器的关键测量部件,其前置放大电路具有高增益、低噪声等特点.通过仿真分析得出电缆和器件参数差异显著影响其稳定性,在此基础上介绍电路稳定问题实例,提出采用频率补偿方法解决电路稳定性问题,并针对该方法设计和实施通过了标定测试、热真空试验和EMC试验,证明该方法完全有效.

关键词：圆锥扫描地球敏感器前置放大电路稳定性

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The P_(5)-saturation Game

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2025年第1期41卷 295-304页

作者： Zhen HE mei LU School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Let F,G and H be three graphs with G■*** call G an F-saturated graph relative to H,if there is no copy of F in G but there is a copy of F in G+e for any e∈E(H)\E(G).The F-saturation game on host graph H consists of two players,named Max and Min,who alternately add edges of H to G such that each chosen edge avoids creating a copy of F in G,and the players continue to choose edges until G becomes F-saturated relative to *** wishes to maximize the length of the game,while Min wishes to minimize the *** sat_(g)(F,H)(***_(g)'(F,H))denote the number of edges chosen when Max(*** Min)starts the game and both players play *** this article,we show that sat_(g)(P_(5),K_(n))=sat_(g)'(P_(5),K_(n))=n+2 for n≥15,and satg(P_(5),K_(m,n)),sat_(g)'(P_(5),K_(m,n))lie in{m+n-[m+2/4];m+n-[m-3/4]}if n≥5/2m and m≥4,respectively.

关键词： saturation number saturation game host graph

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脉冲星角位置强度关联测量聚焦光学系统

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航空学报 2023年第3期44卷 117-127页

作者：左富昌梅志武邓楼楼周昊贝晓敏黎月明北京控制工程研究所北京100190 中国空间技术研究院钱学森空间技术实验室北京100094

脉冲星导航为未来深空探测与导航提供一种可能途径,采用X射线强度关联方法对脉冲星角位置进行高精度测量,可适应高精度时空基准系统构建的发展需求,从理论上提高导航精度。X射线聚焦光学系统是脉冲星高精度测量与探测设备的核心部件,通... 详细信息

脉冲星导航为未来深空探测与导航提供一种可能途径,采用X射线强度关联方法对脉冲星角位置进行高精度测量,可适应高精度时空基准系统构建的发展需求,从理论上提高导航精度。X射线聚焦光学系统是脉冲星高精度测量与探测设备的核心部件,通过高效率聚焦实现对脉冲星极弱X射线光子流量的增强。首先,针对脉冲星角位置强度关联测量地面试验需求,开展了多层嵌套X射线聚焦光学系统的光学设计与性能分析,获得了设计参数对有效面积和角分辨率的影响关系,确定了反射镜几何参数与反射面材料;其次,确定了聚焦光学系统的总体制造误差标准,对高频误差和中低频误差分别进行了分配;然后,采用电铸镍复制工艺加工了超光滑芯轴与反射镜,测试了芯轴的粗糙度和面形误差,利用北京同步辐射光源测试了反射镜的反射率;最后,搭建了原位精密装调装置,完成了多层嵌套反射镜精密装调,实测角分辨率达到12.16″。经强度关联测量试验验证,聚焦光学系统显著提高了探测器接收的光子个数,满足脉冲星角位置强度关联测量的要求。

关键词：脉冲星角位置强度关联测量 X射线聚焦光学系统误差分配加工与装调

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In-Orbit Calibration and Data Analysis of China＇s First Grazing Incidence Focusing X-Ray Pulsar Telescope

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Aerospace China 2017年第3期18卷 3-10页

作者： LV Zhengxin mei zhiwu DENG Loulou LI Liansheng SHI Yongqiang CHEN Jianwu ZUO Fuchang LIU Ke WANG Chunyu ZHANG Jianfu MO Yanan WANG Shuyan ZHAO Yuan Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing 100090 Science and Technology on Space Intelligent Control Laboratory Beijing 100190

The grazing incidence focusing X-ray pulsar telescope(iFXPT), as the main payload of the X-ray Pulsar Navigation Test Satellite(XPNAV-1), will have great significance on China's space scientific exploration and X-ray pulsar navigation. With PSR B0531+21(Crab Pulsar) as the observation target, the pulsar profile has been recovered based on the data obtained by iFXPT, realizing the main objective of "observing" PSR B0531+21 for the first time in China. This payload mainly consists of the Wolter-I X-ray optics, silicon drift detector, magnetic deflector, electronics, high-energy particle shield and high-stability structures. Currently, the iFXPT, with its good in-orbit performance, has obtained a considerable observation data. The effective area, sensitivity and energy response have been calibrated both on ground and in-orbit, demonstrating a high degree of consistency. Meanwhile, the in-orbit observation data and information for pulsar navigation has also been analyzed simultaneously. As a result, the feasibility of the exploration scheme and the performance of the telescope have been fully validated.

关键词： X-ray pulsar navigation satellite focusing X-ray telescope in-orbit observation profile folding timing residual

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聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜Pareto多目标优化与多场耦合分析

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机械工程学报 2018年第23期54卷 174-184页

作者：李连升邓楼楼梅志武吕政欣刘继红北京控制工程研究所北京100190 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院北京100191

为提高聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜的探测性能,提出一种聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(Focusing X-ray pulsar telescope,FoXPT)多目标优化与多场耦合分析方法。基于X射线全反射理论构建以探测灵敏度和重量最小化为目标的多目标优化模型,采用改... 详细信息

为提高聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜的探测性能,提出一种聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(Focusing X-ray pulsar telescope,FoXPT)多目标优化与多场耦合分析方法。基于X射线全反射理论构建以探测灵敏度和重量最小化为目标的多目标优化模型,采用改进的Pareto法获得产品的非劣解集。基于弹性力学、热传导和热辐射理论构建了结构-热耦合方程,以遴选的优化结果构建产品三维模型和有限元模型,获得产品应力与位移分布并提取X射线反射镜面形误差,基于高次多项式函数重构结构-热耦合形变后的X射线反射镜面形,并进行拟合和误差分析。采用Monte Carlo光学追踪法对产品的聚集性能进行仿真分析与评价,实现了FoXPT多目标优化与多场耦合分析的有效集成。结果表明:当嵌套层数为17层时,重量和探测灵敏度同时获得满意解,分别为3.112 kg和6.15×10-4 phs/cm2/s/keV,光机热耦合分析最大应力为262.54 MPa,X射线聚焦效率提升至86.83%,满足实际工程设计要求。

关键词：聚焦型望远镜 X射线脉冲星 Pareto 多目标优化多场耦合分析

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