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Tunable quantum anomalous Hall effects in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures

National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 100-107页

作者： Feng xue Yusheng Hou Zhe Wang zhiming xu Ke He Ruqian Wu Yong xu Wenhui Duan Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices Center for Neutron Science and Technology School of Physics Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences and Department of PhysicsFudan University Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California-Irvine Tencent Quantum Laboratory Tencent Technology(Shenzhen)Co.Ltd RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science(CEMS) Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University

The quantum anomalous Hall effect（QAHE） has unique advantages in topotronic applications, but it is still challenging to realize the QAHE with tunable magnetic and topological properties for building functional devices. Through systematic first-principles calculations, we predict that the in-plane magnetization induced QAHE with Chern numbers C = ±1 and the out-of-plane magnetization induced QAHE with high Chern numbers C = ±3 can be realized in a single material candidate, which is composed of van der Waals（vdW）coupled Bi and MnBi2Te4monolayers. The switching between different phases of QAHE can be controlled in multiple ways, such as applying strain or（weak） magnetic field or twisting the vdW materials. The prediction of an experimentally available material system hosting robust, highly tunable QAHE will stimulate great research interest in the field. Our work opens a new avenue for the realization of tunable QAHE and provides a practical material platform for the development of topological electronics.

关键词： quantum anomalous Hall effect topological quantum phase transition van der Waals heterostructures tunable Chern number high Chern number

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Endorepellin downregulation promotes angiogenesis after experimental traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1092-1097页

作者： Qian Zhang Yao Jing Qiuyuan Gong Lin Cai Ren Wang Dianxu Yang Liping Wang Meijie Qu Hao Chen Yaohui Tang Hengli Tian Jun Ding zhiming xu Department of Gerontology Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurosurgery Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Renji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong ProvinceChina

Endorepellin plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis,but its effects on angiogenesis after traumatic brain injury are unclear.This study explored the effects of endorepellin on angiogenesis and neurobehavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury in mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups:sham,controlled cortical impact only,adeno-associated virus(AAV)-green fluorescent protein,and AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein groups.In the controlled cortical impact model,the transduction of AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein downregulated endorepellin while increasing the number of CD31+/Ki-67+proliferating endothelial cells and the functional microvessel density in mouse brain.These changes resulted in improved neurological function compared with controlled cortical impact mice.Western blotting revealed increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 in mice treated with AAV-shEndorepellin-green fluorescent protein.Synchrotron radiation angiography showed that endorepellin downregulation promoted angiogenesis and increased cortical neovascularization,which may further improve neurobehavioral outcomes.Furthermore,an in vitro study showed that downregulation of endorepellin increased tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells compared with a control.Mechanistic analysis found that endorepellin downregulation may mediate angiogenesis by activating vascular endothelial growth factor-and angiopoietin-1-related signaling pathways.

关键词： angiogenesis controlled cortical impact endorepellin neurological function traumatic brain injury

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Learning to Branch in Combinatorial Optimization With Graph Pointer Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第1期11卷 157-169页

作者： Rui Wang zhiming Zhou Kaiwen Li Tao Zhang Ling Wang Xin xu Xiangke Liao IEEE the Xiangjiang Laboratory and the College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China the Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China the College of Systems Engineering National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073 the Hunan Key Laboratory of Multi-Energy System Intelligent Interconnection Technology Changsha 410073China the Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China the College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China the College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Traditional expert-designed branching rules in branch-and-bound(B&B) are static, often failing to adapt to diverse and evolving problem instances. Crafting these rules is labor-intensive, and may not scale well with complex problems.Given the frequent need to solve varied combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging statistical learning to auto-tune B&B algorithms for specific problem classes becomes attractive. This paper proposes a graph pointer network model to learn the branch rules. Graph features, global features and historical features are designated to represent the solver state. The graph neural network processes graph features, while the pointer mechanism assimilates the global and historical features to finally determine the variable on which to branch. The model is trained to imitate the expert strong branching rule by a tailored top-k Kullback-Leibler divergence loss function. Experiments on a series of benchmark problems demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the widely used expert-designed branching rules. It also outperforms state-of-the-art machine-learning-based branch-and-bound methods in terms of solving speed and search tree size on all the test instances. In addition, the model can generalize to unseen instances and scale to larger instances.

关键词： Branch-and-bound(B&B) combinatorial optimization deep learning graph neural network imitation learning

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Microstructure and Properties of AlCoCrFeNiTi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings Prepared by Laser Cladding

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2024年第2期31卷 50-61页

作者： Mengxian Li Zhiping Sun Zhaomin xu zhiming Wang Qingdao ADR Axles Manufacturing Co. LtdShandong Qingdao 266400China School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Ji'nan 250300China

21-4N(5Cr21Mn9Ni4N)is extensively employed in the production of engine valves,operating under severe conditions.Apart from withstanding high-temperature gas corrosion,it must also endure the impact of cylinder explosion pressure.The predominant failure mode of 21-4N valves is abrasive wear.Surface coatings serve as an effective approach to prevent such failures.In this investigation,Laser cladding technology was utilized to fabricate AlCoCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy coatings onto the surfaces of 21-4N valves.According to the findings,the cladding zone has a normal dendritic microstructure,a good substrate-to-cladding layer interaction,and no obvious flaws.In terms of hardness,the cladding demonstrates an average hardness of 620 HV.The hardness has increased by 140%compared to the substrate.The average hardness of the cladding remains at approximately 520 HV even at elevated temperatures.Regarding frictional wear performance,between 400℃and 800℃,the cladding layer exhibits an average friction coefficient of 0.4,with the primary wear mechanisms being abrasive wear,adhesive wear,and a minor degree of plastic deformation.

关键词： high entropy alloy laser cladding microstructure microstructure and properties

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Calcification-associated molecular traits and therapeutic strategies in hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第5期21卷 400-415页

作者： Yuwei Li Yuzheng xu Caijin Lin Xi Jin Ding Ma zhiming Shao Department of Breast Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Department of Oncology Shanghai Medical College Fudan University

Objective: Mammographic calcifications are a common feature of breast cancer, but their molecular characteristics and treatment implications in hormone receptor-positive(HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative(HER2-) breast cancer remain unclear.Methods: We retrospectively collected mammography records of an HR+/HER2-breast cancer cohort(n = 316) with matched clinicopathological, genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data. On the basis of mammographic images, we grouped tumors by calcification status into calcification-negative tumors, tumors with probably benign calcifications, tumors with calcification of lowmoderate suspicion for maligancy and tumors with calcification of high suspicion for maligancy. We then explored the molecular characteristics associated with each calcification status across multiple dimensions.Results: Among the different statuses, tumors with probably benign calcifications exhibited elevated hormone receptor immunohistochemical staining scores, estrogen receptor(ER) pathway activation, lipid metabolism, and sensitivity to endocrine therapy. Tumors with calcifications of high suspicion for malignancy had relatively larger tumor sizes, elevated lymph node metastasis incidence, Ki-67 staining scores, genomic instability, cell cycle pathway activation, and may benefit from cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6(CDK4/6) inhibitors.Conclusions: Our research established links between tumor calcifications and molecular features, thus proposing potential precision treatment strategies for HR+/HER2-breast cancer.

关键词： HR+/HER2-breast cancer mammographic calcifications molecular features precision treatment ENDOCRINE THERAPY SENSITIVITY REPAIR

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Inertinite in coal and its geoenvironmental significance:Insights from AI and big data analysis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1779-1801页

作者： Longyi SHAO Jiamin ZHOU Timothy PJONES Fanghui HUA Xiaotao xu zhiming YAN Haihai HOU Dongdong WANG Jing LU State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Miningand Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF103YEWalesEngland General Prospecting Institute of China National Administration of Coal Geology Beijing 100039China Institute of Architectural Engineering Weifang UniversityWeifang 261061China College of Mining Liaoning Technical UniversityFuxin 123000China College of Earth Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590China

Inertinite,as an important and abundant maceral group in coal,is critical for the study of palaeowildfires and their roles in the Earth’s ecosystems.Recently,there has been a significant amount of research on the relationship between palaeowildfire,palaeoclimate change and palaeovegetation evolution based on inertinite data.The reflectance of fusinite and semifusinite has been used to estimate the combustion temperature and type of palaeowildfires,and then to evaluate the combustion characteristics of different types of palaeowildfires.The relative abundance of inertinite can be used to estimate the atmospheric oxygen contents.The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)and online tools to search scientific databases has presented an opportunity for us to find,collect,arrange,and analyse data from the earliest to latest publications on inertinite.The data extraction tool Deep Shovel is used to collect and analyse global inertinite data from the Silurian to the Neogene.The software programs such as Gplates,ArcGIS pro and Tableau are then applied to model the relative abundance of inertinite over geological time,which can be correlated with other parameters such as atmospheric oxygen contents,plant evolution and palaeoclimate changes.The distribution of inertinite in coals varied over different geological periods,being typified by the“high inertinite content-high atmospheric oxygen level”period in the Permian and the“low inertinite content-low atmospheric oxygen level”period in the Cenozoic.This study has proposed a possible model of the positive and negative feedbacks between inertinite characteristics and palaeoenvironmental factors,and has revealed the exceptional role of inertinite in palaeoenvironmental studies.Future research on inertinite will be focused on the integrated study of organic petrology and organic geochemistry of inertinite,the big data-driven research on the temporal and spatial distribution of the global inertinite,the exploration of the functions of palaeowildfires in the Earth system

关键词： Inertinite Palaeowildfires Atmospheric oxygen Palaeoclimates Palaeoecosystems

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IMAGGS: a radiogenomic framework for identifying multi-way associations in breast cancer subtypes

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2024年第4期51卷 443-453页

作者： Shuyu Liang Sicheng xu Shichong Zhou Cai Chang zhiming Shao Yuanyuan Wang Sheng Chen Yunxia Huang Yi Guo Department of Electronic Engineering School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China The Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention(MICCAI)of Shanghai Shanghai 200032China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health Institute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of Ultrasound Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterDepartment of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Breast Surgery Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterDepartment of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Investigating correlations between radiomic and genomic profiling in breast cancer(BC)molecular subtypes is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms and providing personalized treatment.We present a well-designed radiogenomic framework image–gene–gene set(IMAGGS),which detects multi-way associations in BC subtypes by integrating radiomic and genomic features.Our dataset consists of 721 patients,each of whom has 12 ultrasound(US)images captured from different angles and gene mutation data.To better characterize tumor traits,12 multi-angle US images are fused using two distinct strategies.Then,we analyze complex many-to-many associations between phenotypic and genotypic features using a machine learning algorithm,deviating from the prevalent one-to-one relationship pattern observed in previous studies.Key radiomic and genomic features are screened using these associations.In addition,gene set enrichment analysis is performed to investigate the joint effects of gene sets and delve deeper into the biological functions of BC subtypes.We further validate the feasibility of IMAGGS in a glioblastoma multiforme dataset to demonstrate the scalability of IMAGGS across different modalities and diseases.Taken together,IMAGGS provides a comprehensive characterization for diseases by associating imaging,genes,and gene sets,paving the way for biological interpretation of radiomics and development of targeted therapy.

关键词： IMAGGS Radiogenomic framework "lmage-gene-geneset"associations Molecular subtypes Breast cancer

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Revealing the grain size dependent hot workability and deformation mechanisms in a Mg-Zn-Y alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1461-1471页

作者： Ruiqing Lu zhiming xu Fulin Jiang Shiwei xu Dingfa Fu Hui Zhang Jie Teng College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Despite the industrial significance of grain size for enhancing mechanical properties and formability,the in-depth deformation mechanisms at elevated temperature are still unclear.To investigate the functions of grain size on hot workability and deformation mechanisms,three groups of Mg-1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy specimens with different grain sizes were hot compressed and then studied by combining constitutive model,processing map and microstructural observations.The results showed that the enhanced hot workability accompanying low deformation activation energy and small instability regime was obtained with refined grain size.During hot deformation,the decreased grain size in Mg1.2Zn-0.2Y alloy mainly improved the plastic deformation homogeneity,especially for the weakened local straining around grain boundaries.As a result,the dynamic recrystallization nucleation and texture development at lower strain level were influenced by the initial grain size.At higher strain magnitude,the growth and coarsening of dynamic recrystallized grains would further release strain localization and improve hot workability,while the texture was less impacted.Further,unlike the primary basal slip and deformation twinning in the specimen with coarse grain at low temperature,non-basal slips of dislocations were initiated with less deformation twins in the specimens with refined grain size.

关键词： Mg-Zn-Y alloy Hot workability Plastic deformation Grain size Texture

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Circular polarization-selective optical,photothermal,and optofluidic effects in chiral metasurfaces

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 331-340页

作者： CUIPING MA PENG YU ZHIMIN JING YISONG ZHU PEIHANG LI WENHAO WANG HONGXING xu YANNING ZHANG LIANG PAN TAE-YOUL CHOI ARUP NEOGI ALEXANDER OGOVOROV zhiming WANG Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of North TexasDentonTexas 76207USA Department of Physics and Astronomy and Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOhio 45701USA

Circular dichroism (CD) is extensively used in various material systems for applications including biological detection,enantioselective catalysis,and chiral separation.This paper introduces a chiral absorptive metasurface that exhibits a circular polarization-selective effect in dual bands-positive and negative CD peaks at short wavelengths and long wavelengths,respectively.Significantly,we uncover that this phenomenon extends beyond the far-field optical response,as it is also observed in the photothermal effect and the dynamics of thermally induced fluid motion.By carefully engineering the metasurface design,we achieve two distinct CD signals with high g factors (1) at the wavelengths of 877 nm and 1045 nm,respectively.The findings presented in this study advance our comprehension of CD and offer promising prospects for enhancing chiral light–matter interactions in the domains of nanophotonics and optofluidics.

关键词： chiral catalysis circular

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Wideband radar cross-section reduction by a double-layer-plasma-based metasurface

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第6期26卷 159-168页

作者：赵智明李小平董果香刘旭牟相超 School of Aerospace Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126People’s Republic of China

Reduction of the radar cross-section(RCS) is the key to stealth technology. To improve the RCS reduction effect of the designed checkerboard metasurface and overcome the limitation of thinlayer plasma in RCS reduction technology, a double-layer-plasma-based metasurface—composed of a checkerboard metasurface, a double-layer plasma and an air gap between them—was investigated. Based on the principle of backscattering cancellation, we designed a checkerboard metasurface composed of different artificial magnetic conductor units;the checkerboard metasurface can reflect vertically incident electromagnetic(EM) waves in four different inclined directions to reduce the RCS. Full-wave simulations confirm that the doublelayer-plasma-based metasurface can improve the RCS reduction effect of the metasurface and the plasma. This is because in a band lower than the working band of the metasurface, the RCS reduction effect is mainly improved by the plasma layer. In the working band of the metasurface,impedance mismatching between the air gap and first plasma layer and between first and second plasma layers cause the scattered waves to become more dispersed, so the propagation path of the EM waves in the plasma becomes longer, increasing the absorption of the EM waves by the plasma. Thus, the RCS reduction effect is enhanced. The double-layer-plasma-based metasurface can be insensitive to the polarization of the incoming EM waves, and can also maintain a satisfactory RCS reduction band when the incident waves are oblique.

关键词： stealth technology radar cross-section(RCS)reduction backscattering cancellation double-layer-plasma-based metasurface

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