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Seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2:effects of preexisting immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2022年第6期23卷 451-460页

作者： Gang WANG Ze xiang Wei WANG zhi chen State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosisand Treatmentof Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003China Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310003China Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases Wuxi214064China

Although the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic is still ongoing,vaccination rates are rising slowly and related treatments and drugs are being developed.At the same time,there is increasing evidence of preexisting immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in humans,mainly consisting of preexisting antibodies and immune cells(including T cells and B cells).The presence of these antibodies is mainly due to the seasonal prevalence of four common coronavirus types,especially OC43 and HKU1.The accumulated relevant evidence has suggested that the target of antibodies is mainly the S2 subunit of S protein,followed by evolutionary conservative regions such as the nucleocapsid(N)protein.Additionally,preexisting memory T and B cells are also present in the population.Preexisting antibodies can help the body protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection,reduce the severity of COVID-19,and rapidly increase the immune response post-infection.These multiple effects can directly affect disease progression and even the likelihood of death in certain individuals.Besides the positive effects,preexisting immunity may also have negative consequences,such as antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE)and original antigenic sin(OAS),the prevalence of which needs to be further established.In the future,more research should be focused on evaluating the role of preexisting immunity in COVID-19 outcomes,adopting appropriate policies and strategies for fighting the pandemic,and vaccine development that considers preexisting immunity.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Preexisting immunity Seasonal coronaviruses Vaccine

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Pyrylium salts acting as both energy transfer and electron transfer photocatalysts for E → Z isomerization of activated alkenes and cyclization of cinnamic or biaryl carboxylic acids

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第4期9卷 973-978页

作者： Lei Bao Jin-Tang cheng zhi-xiang Wang xiang-Yu chen School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100700China

2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium salts are stable,readily available and cheap.However,only their electron transfer oxi-dation ability has been explored.We herein report that they could perform both energy transfer and elec-tron transfer activation modes for the photocascade E→Z isomerization/cyclizations,E→Z isomerization of activated alkenes and oxidative cyclizations.

关键词： cyclization salts transfer

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Direct photolysis of N-methoxypyridiniums for the pyridylation of carbon/heteroatom-hydrogen bonds

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Science China Chemistry 2022年第12期65卷 2494-2499页

作者： He Sheng Bei-Bei Zhang Qiang Liu Zhu-Sheng Yang zhi-xiang Wang xiang-Yu chen School of Materials and Architectural Engineering Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang550025China School of Chemical Sciences University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

Current synthetic methods for the functionalization of pyridinium salts usually rely on transition metals,oxidants and/or photocatalysts.To date,no direct photolysis method exists under photocatalyst-,transition metal-and oxidant-free conditions.We herein demonstrate the first direct photolysis of N-methoxypyridinium salts for the selective assembly of various pyridines by using a series of common feedstocks,including amine-boranes,unactivated alkanes,phosphine oxides,amides,silanes and aldehydes.

关键词： photolysis N-methoxypyridiniums hydrogen atom transfer pyridines

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Low interleukin-10 level indicates a good prognosis in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-induced pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1660-1668页

作者： Yuan-Yuan chen xiang-zhi Xu Xiao-Jun Xu Division/Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310003Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(sHLH)triggered by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is rare in pediatric patients.There is no consensus on how to treat S.typhimurium-triggered sHLH.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy with intermittent fever for 3 d presented to our hospital with positive results for S.typhimurium,human rhinovirus,and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.At the time of admission to our institution,the patient’s T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokine levels were 326 pg/mL for interleukin 6(IL-6),9.1 pg/mL for IL-10,and 246.7 pg/mL for interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),for which the ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γwas 0.04.In this study,the patient received meropenem,linezolid,and cefoperazone/sulbactam in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone therapy(10 mg/kg/d for 3 d)and antishock supportive treatment twice.After careful evaluation,this patient did not receive HLH chemotherapy and recovered well.CONCLUSION S.Typhimurium infection-triggered sHLH patient had a ratio of IL-10 to IFN-γ≤1.33,an IL-10 concentration≤10.0 pg/mL,and/or an IFN-γconcentration≤225 pg/mL at admission.Early antimicrobial and supportive treatment was sufficient,and the HLH-94/2004 protocol was not necessary under these conditions.

关键词： Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis Cytokine pattern Interferon gamma Interleukin-10 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Case report

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Facile and Large-scale Fabrication of Biodegradable Thermochromic Fibers Based on Poly(lactic acid)

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2022年第10期40卷 1242-1251,I0010页

作者： Xiao-Xiong chen Jin-Chao Yu Kang chen Peng Ji xiang-Ling chen zhi-Juan Pan College of Textile and Clothing Engineering Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles Ministry of EducationDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China College of Materials and Textiles and National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Co-Innovation Center for Textile Industry Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

To investigate the feasibility of developing biobased and biodegradable thermochromic fibers,poly(lactic acid)(PLA)fibers with visual temperature indicator functionality were fabricated using a scalable melt spinning technique(spinning speed 800 m/min),where PLA and thermochromic microcapsules were used as fiber-forming polymers and color indicators,respectively.The effect of thermochromic microcapsules on the mechanical properties and reversible color-changing function of PLA fibers was systematically investigated to achieve high tenacity and sensitive color-changing function.The difference in the fiber performance was connected to changes in the multilayer structure.The results show that PLA fibers exhibit excellent tenacity of 3.7-4.7 cN/dtex and reversible and stable thermochromic behavior over 31℃.The high fraction of mesophase within TPLA-1 fiber plays an important role in its tenacity.Meanwhile,the low-concentration of microcapsules(~1 wt%)with good dispersion could act as a nucleating agent inside the PLA matrix and contribute to the formation of microcrystals in the amorphous between primary lamellae,which is also beneficial to maintain the tenacity of the fibers.The agglomeration of high-concentration microcapsules within PLA fibers hampered the formation of mesophase,resulting in a decrease in fiber tenacity.Aside from the content of microcapsules,the agglomeration of high-concentration microcapsules(>5 wt%)is the main reason that limits the substantial increase in fiber color depth.This study opens up new possibilities for degradable thermochromic fibers produced using standard industrial spinning technology.

关键词： Poly(lactic acid)fiber Reversible thermochromic fiber Biodegradable Melt spinning

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Efficacy and safety of low-dose thalidomide combined with mesalazine in the treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis in adults

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 653-655页

作者： Jun-Rong chen Lei Mai Jia-chen Sun xiang Peng Min Zhang Min zhi Department of General Practice The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Gastroenterology The Fifth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdongP.R.China Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China Department of Gastroenterology The Sixth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP.R.China

Introduction Inducing and maintaining clinical remission and mucosal healing is essential in the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC),a nonspecific chronic recurrent inflammatory disorder[1].Mesalazine(5-ASA)is commonly prescribed as a first-line drug for UC.Despite the short-term efficacy of ciclosporin and infliximab,some patients may develop methylprednisolone resistance or dependence[2].

关键词： healing clinical treatment

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Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits neuronal apoptosis in heatstroke rats via PKA/p-CREB pathway

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2024年第1期27卷 18-26页

作者： Jie Zhu Ya-Hong chen Jing-Jing Ji cheng-xiang Lu zhi-Feng Liu Department of Pediatric General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou510010China Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLAGuangzhou510010China Department of Intensive Care Unit Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamenFujian province361004China

Purpose:The incidence of heatstroke(HS)is not particularly high;however,once it occurs,the consequences are serious.It is reported that calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)is protective against brain injury in HS rats,but detailed molecular mechanisms need to be further investigated.In this study,we further explored whether CGRP inhibited neuronal apoptosis in HS rats via protein kinase A(PKA)/p-cAMP response element-binding protein(p-CREB)pathway.Methods:We established a HS rat model in a pre-warmed artificial climate chamber with a temperature of(35.5±0.5)℃and a relative humidity of 60%±5%.Heatstress was stopped once core body temperature reaches above 41℃.A total of 25 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 animals each:control group,HS group,HS+CGRP group,HS+CGRP antagonist(CGRP8-37)group,and HS+CGRP+PKA/p-CREB pathway blocker(H89)group.A bolus injection of CGRP was administered to each rat in HS+CGRP group,CGRP8-37(antagonist of CGRP)in HS+CGRP8-37 group,and CGRP with H89 in HS+CGRP+H89 group.Electroencephalograms were recorded and the serum concentration of S100B,neuron-specific enolase(NSE),neuron apoptosis,activated caspase-3 and CGRP expression,as well as pathological morphology of brain tissue were detected at 2 h,6 h,and 24 h after HSin vivo.The expression of PKA,p-CREB,and Bcl-2 in rat neurons were also detected at 2 h after HSin vitro.Exogenous CGRP,CGRP8-37,or H89 were used to determine whether CGRP plays a protective role in brain injury via PKA/p-CREB pathway.The unpairedt-test was used between the 2 samples,and the mean±SD was used for multiple samples.Double-tailedp<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Electroencephalogram showed significant alteration ofθ(54.50±11.51vs.31.30±8.71,F=6.790,p=0.005)andαwave(16.60±3.21vs.35.40±11.28,F=4.549,p=0.020)in HS group compared to the control group 2 h after HS.The results of triphosphate gap terminal labeling(TUNEL)showed that the neuronal apoptosis of HS rats was increased in the cortex(9.67±3.16vs.1.80±1.10,F=11.002,p=0.001)and

关键词： Heatstroke Calcitonin gene-related peptide Brain injury Apoptosis

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Seaweed glue as a novel polymer depressant for the selective separation of chalcopyrite and galena

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2019年第12期26卷 1495-1503页

作者： Xiong chen Guo-hua Gu zhi-xiang CHEN School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering Central South University

The use of seaweed glue(SEG)as a novel polymer depressant for the separation of chalcopyrite from galena with butyl xanthate(BX)as a collector was studied through microflotation experiments.Contact angle,adsorption,dynamic potential,and infrared spectral analyses were conducted to clarify the mechanism underlying the action of SEG on minerals.The results of microflotation experiments indicated that chalcopyrite could be selectively separated from galena by using a SEG depressant concentration of 15 mg·L^-1,BX concentration of 10 mg·L^-1,and methyl isobutyl carbinol concentration of 8.5 mg·L^-1 at pH 8.0.A Cu concentrate with a grading of 23.68wt% was obtained at a recovery rate of 81.52% from mixed minerals with 8.29wt% Cu content.Contact angle analysis showed that the effect of SEG on the wettability of galena was stronger than that on the wettability of chalcopyrite.Adsorption,zeta potential,and FT-IR spectral analyses revealed that SEG and BX were coadsorbed on the surfaces of galena.SEG depressed galena by covering xanthate ions in the functional groups of-COO and mainly underwent weak physisorption on chalcopyrite.These mechanisms account for the ability of SEG to depress galena effectively while enabling chalcopyrite flotation.

关键词： seaweed glue chalcopyrite galena flotation separation

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NOVA1 promotes SMN2 exon 7 splicing by binding the UCAC motif and increases SMN protein expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2530-2536页

作者： Li-Li Du Jun-Jie Sun zhi-Heng chen Yi-xiang Shao Liu-cheng Wu Institute of Comparative Medicine Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education Co-Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Laboratory Animal Center Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Institute of Neuroscience Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Spinal muscular atrophy(SMA)is a rare hereditary neuromuscular disease with a high lethality rate in infants.Variants in the homologous genes survival of motor neuron(SMN)1 and SMN2 have been reported to be SMA pathogenic factors.Previous studies showed that a highinclusion rate of SMN2 exon 7 increased SMN expression,which in turn reduced the severity of SMA.The inclusion rate of SMN2 exon 7 was higher in neural tissues than in non-neural tissues.Neuro-oncological ventral antigen(NOVA)is a splicing factor that is specifically and highly expressed in neurons.It plays a key role in nervous system development and in the induction of nervous system diseases.Howeve r,it remains unclear whether this splicing factor affects SMA.In this study,we analyzed the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 in different tissues in a mouse model of SMA(genotype smn^(-/-)SMN2^(2 tg/0))and litter mate controls(genotype smn^(+/-)SMN2^(2 tg/0)).We found that inclusion level of SMN2 exon 7 was high in the brain and spinal co rd tissue,and that NOVA1 was also highly expressed in nervous system tissues.In addition,SMN2 exon 7 and NOVA1 were expressed synchronously in the central nervous system.We further investigated the effects of NOVA1 on disease and found that the number of neurons in the anterior horn of spinal cord decreased in the mouse model of SMA during postnatal days 1-7,and that NOVA1 expression levels in motor neurons decreased simultaneously as spinal muscular atrophy developed.We also found that in vitro expression of NOVA1 increased the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and expression ofthe SMN2 protein in the U87 MG cell line,whereas the opposite was observed when NOVA1 was knocked down.Finally,point mutation and RNA pull-down showed that the UCAC motif in SMN2 exon 7 plays a critical role in NOVA1 binding and promoting the inclusion of exon 7.Moreove r,CA was more essential for the inclusion of exon 7 than the order of Y residues in the motif.Collectively,these findings indicate that NOVA1 intera cts with the UCAC motif in exon 7 of SMN2,there

关键词： exon 7 inclusion motor neuron neuro-oncological ventral antigen 1 SMN2 splicing spinal cord spinal muscular atrophy splicing factors UCAC motif

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Effect of strain-induced precipitation on microstructure and properties of titanium micro-alloyed steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2022年第6期29卷 983-993页

作者： xiang-dong Huo zhi-wei Lv chen Ao Lie-jun Li Ji-nian Xia Song-jun chen School of Material Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina Iron and Steel Research Institute Shandong Iron and Steel Group Rizhao Co.Ltd.Rizhao 276826ShandongChina

The strain-induced precipitation behavior of titanium micro-alloyed steel was examined through the stress relaxation method.In addition,the relationship between strain-induced precipitation and isothermal precipitation was explored.The findings revealed that the strain-induced precipitation and recrystallization processes of titanium micro-alloyed steel coexist and compete at the same time.The results also showed that the recrystallization process was inhibited with straininduced precipitation.Moreover,a large amount of nano-sized TiC particles precipitated in Ti micro-alloyed steel.Notably,the strain-induced precipitated TiC had a size of 10 nm and isothermally precipitated TiC had a size of 3–6 nm.Additionally,there was a clear competitive relationship between strain-induced precipitation and isothermal precipitation.The findings also showed that strain-induced precipitation had an obvious effect on the refinement of austenite although the effect was not obvious on the increase in the yield strength.Furthermore,isothermal treatment was shown to be more advantageous than strain-induced precipitation.Finally,the major increase in the yield strength was mainly attributed to the precipitation strengthening of nano-sized TiC during isothermal precipitation.

关键词： Ti micro-alloyed steel Stress relaxation Nanometer-carbide Strain-induced precipitation Isothermal precipitation

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