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Lightweight innovation ADIs help development of renewable energy and new technology industries in China

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China Foundry 2024年第5期21卷 507-515页

作者： Qi-dong Yan Xu-dong gong Wen-bang gong Jin-cheng Liu ADI Committee of China Foundry Association Beijing 100000China Yuzhou Henglilai New Materials Co. Ltd.Xuchang 452570HenanChina Kunshan Changjian Foundry Industry Co.Ltd. Kunshan 215311JiangsuChina School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China WFO Ferrous Metals Commission Shenyang 110022China

The world is undergoing profound changes in energy and *** are vigorously developing new sustainable energy sources and *** energy sources encompass various technologies such as wind turbines,solar energy,nuclear energy,and ***,emerging technology fields include new energy vehicles,robots,and artificial intelligence devices,among *** renewable energy industries and implementation of new technologies necessitate the development and adoption of new equipment and *** ductile iron(ADI)is renowned for its unique microstructure and superior *** utilizing ADI,lightweight and innovative castings can be designed to not only reduce weight but also save energy and decrease *** importantly,these castings enhance the efficiency and reliability of new energy equipment and emerging technology *** paper describes the development,applications,and future prospects of lightweight and innovative ADI castings within sectors such as solar photovoltaic(PV),wind power generation,industry robots,and trucks in China.

关键词： lightweight ADI renewable energy emission reduction

Confinement of ionomer for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction via efficient mass transfer pathways

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 168-176页

作者： Xiaowei Du Peng Zhang gong Zhang Hui Gao Lili Zhang Mengmeng Zhang Tuo Wang Jinlong gong School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the Ministry of Education Tianjin University Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin) National Industry-Education Platform of Energy Storage Tianjin University Joint School of the National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

Gas diffusion electrodes（GDEs） mediate the transport of reactants, products and electrons for the electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction（CO2RR） in membrane electrode assemblies. The random distribution of ionomer, added by the traditional physical mixing method, in the catalyst layer of GDEs affects the transport of ions and CO2. Such a phenomenon results in elevated cell voltage and decaying selectivity at high current densities. This paper describes a pre-confinement method to construct GDEs with homogeneously distributed ionomer, which enhances mass transfer locally at the active centers. The optimized GDE exhibited comparatively low cell voltages and high CO Faradaic efficiencies（FE > 90%） at a wide range of current densities. It can also operate stably for over 220 h with the cell voltage staying almost unchanged. This good performance can be preserved even with diluted CO2feeds, which is essential for pursuing a high single-pass conversion rate. This study provides a new approach to building efficient mass transfer pathways for ions and reactants in GDEs to promote the electrocatalytic CO2RR for practical applications.

关键词： CO2 electroreduction gas diffusion electrode mass transfer ionomer Ag catalyst

Blasting induced dynamic stress concentration and failure characteristics of deep-buried rock tunnel

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第7期31卷 2321-2340页

作者： ZHAO Rui tao Ming XIANG gong-liang WANG Shao-feng ZHAO Hua-tao School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China

In this study,the dynamic stress concentration factors(DSCF)around a straight-wall arch tunnel(SWAT)were solved analytically utilizing the complex variable function methods and Duhamel’s *** effects of wavelength,incident angle,and blasting rising time on the DSCF distribution were *** results pointed out dynamic disturbances resulting in compressive stress concentration in the vertical direction and tensile stress in the incident *** the wavelength and rising time increased,there was a tendency for the amplitude of stress concentration to initially rise and then ***,a series of 3D FEM models were established to evaluate the effect of different initial stress states on the dynamic failure of the tunnel surrounding *** results indicated that the failure of the surrounding rock was significantly influenced by the direction of the static maximum principal stress and the direction of the dynamic *** the coupling of static and blasting loading,damage around the tunnel was more prone to occur in the dynamic and static stress concentration coincidence ***,the damage modes of rock tunnel under static stress and blasting disturbance from different directions were summarized and a proposed support system was *** results reveal the mechanisms of deep-buried rock tunnel destruction and dynamically triggered rockburst.

关键词： stress wave scattering dynamic stress analysis rock tunnel dynamic failure analysis

Binder-induced ultrafast ■-intercalation toward a high-voltage,high-power and long-cycling zinc–graphite dual-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5017-5029页

作者： Gen Li Xiao-Jun Shi Ting Dong Qian Yu zhi-Fei Mao Xin-Hua Liu Rui Wang Bei-Bei He Jun Jin Yan-Sheng gong Huan-Wen Wang Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education Faculty of Material Science and ChemistryChina University of Geosciences College of Resources and Environment South-Central Minzu University School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University

Metallic zinc is an ideal anode material owing to its high theoretical capacity (819 mAh·g-1),ecofriendliness,low cost and high safety,which have driven fast development of Zn-ion batteries （ZIBs）.However,the practical application of current ZIBs is significantly restricted by irregular dendrite growth of zinc anode and the low working voltage （usually<2 V） of cathode ***,we report a high-voltage Zn-based dualion battery （DIB）,which is constructed by a graphite cathode,a Zn anode,and 3 M LiPF6in the ethyl methyl carbonate （EMC） *** the corrosion interaction of Li+ions,Zn2+can be easily dissolved from Zn anode into the electrolyte to enable dendrite-free Zn2+plating/stripping at the ***,an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC） binder is employed to generate a robust cathode electrolyte interface （CEI） layer on the graphite cathode,which renders ultrafast PF6--de-/intercalation into *** resultant Zn–graphite DIB operates stably at a high cut off voltage of 3.2 V,corresponding to an average output voltage of 2.2 *** 9000cycles at 5C,the high capacity retention of 95.9% can be achieved with～100%Coulomb *** on the mass of cathode material,our Zn–graphite battery exhibits ultrafast rate capability （60 C,a discharge time of 44 s） and high energy/power densities (208 Wh·kg-1at 214 W·kg-1;142 Wh·kg-1at 8692 W·kg-1),which holds great promise for large-scale energy storage.

关键词： Binder Graphite High-voltage PF6−-de-/intercalation Zn-ion batteries

Rockburst criterion and evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth considering excavation damage effect

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1649-1666页

作者： Jinhao Dai Fengqiang gong Lei Xu Engineering Research Center of Safety and Protection of Explosion & Impact of Ministry of Education (ERCSPEIME) Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China School of Civil Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing211189China

Excavation-induced disturbances in deep tunnels will lead to deterioration of rock properties and formation of excavation damaged zone(EDZ).This excavation damage effect may affect the potential rockburst pit *** two diversion tunnels of Jinping II hydropower station for example,the relationship between rockburst pit depth and excavation damage effect is first *** results indicate that the rockburst pit depth in tunnels with severe damage to rock masses is relatively ***,the excavation-induced damage effect is characterized by disturbance factor D based on the Hoek-Brown criterion and wave velocity *** is found that the EDZ could be further divided into a high-damage zone(HDZ)with D=1 and weak-damage zone(WDZ),and D decays from one to zero *** this,a quantitative evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth is established by presenting a three-element rockburst criterion considering rock strength,geostress and disturbance *** evaluation results obtained by this method match well with actual *** addition,the weakening of rock mass strength promotes the formation and expansion of potential rockburst *** potential rockburst pit depth is positively correlated with HDZ and WDZ depths,and the HDZ depth has a significant contribution to the potential rockburst pit depth.

关键词： Deep tunnel Rockburst Rockburst pit Excavation damage effect Hoek-Brown criterion

From risk control to resilience: developments and trends of urban roads designed as surface flood passages to cope with extreme storms

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 103-120页

作者： zhiyu Shao Yuexin Li Huafeng gong Hongxiang Chai College of Environment and Ecology Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education of Three Gorges Reservoir Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China T.Y.Lin International Engineering Consulting(China)Co.Ltd. Chongqing 400045China

Urban roads can be designated as surface flood passages to transport excess runoff during extreme storms, thereby preventing local flooding, which is known as the major drainage system. However, this practice poses significant risks, including human loss and property damage, due to the high flow rate and velocity carried by roads. Moreover, urban roads with low flood-resilience may significantly hamper the transportation function during severe storms, leading to dysfunction of the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform risk-oriented flood passages into resilient urban road-based flood passages. This paper presents a systematic review of existing methodologies in designing a road network-based flood passage system, along with the discussion of new technologies to enhance system resilience. The study also addresses current knowledge gaps and future directions. The results indicate that flood management measures based on the urban road network should integrate accessibility assessment, lifeline and emergency planning to ensure human well-being outcomes. Furthermore, the special needs and features of vulnerable groups must be taken into serious consideration during the planning stage. In addition, a data-driven approach is recommended to facilitate real-time management and evaluate future works.

关键词： Major drainage Flood mitigation Resilient city Stormwater model Urban flooding

Preparation and properties of ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials using Y_(2)O_(3) additive

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1514-1521页

作者： Wang-zhi Yu Yi-hong Shi Ping Liu Yong-wan Wu Cheng-hao Song Xian-gong Deng Xiang Ding Song-lin Ran Yi Zhang Hai-jun Zhang Hai-liang Deng Advanced Ceramics Research Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringAnhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan 243002AnhuiChina The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081HubeiChina

ZrO_(2)-strengthened porous mullite insulation materials were prepared by foaming technology utilizing ZrSiO_(4) and Al_(2)O_(3) as primary materials and Y_(2)O_(3) as an *** effects of Y_(2)O_(3) contents on the phase composition,microstructure,mechanical properties,and heat conductivity of the porous mullite insulation materials were investigated.A suitable Y_(2)O_(3) content could promote phase transition of monoclinic ZrO_(2)(m-ZrO_(2))to tetragonal ZrO_(2)(t-ZrO_(2)),reduce pore size,and improve the strengths of as-prepared *** cold crushing strength and bending strength of as-prepared specimens with a 119µm spherical pore size using 6 wt.%Y_(2)O_(3) were 35.2 and 13.0 MPa,respectively,with a heat conductivity being only 0.248 W/(m K).

关键词： Porous mullite insulation material Zirconium oxide Y_(2)O_(3) Mechanical property Heat conductivity

Vertical two-dimensional WS_(2)flakes grown on flexible CNT film for excellent electrochemical performance

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 164-174页

作者： Qian gong Jing-Yun Zou Ming Ren Si-Qi Zhu Yu-Rong Zhou Li-Ming Zhao Jian Chen Yu-Long Wu Jiang-tao Di Li-Xing Kang Qing-Wen Li School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Division of Advanced MaterialsSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application School of Physical Science and TechnologySuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China

Soft electrochemical actuators that can generate mechanical motions in response to electrical stimuli can be used as artificial muscles in microscale *** electrode materials are the key component of the electrochemical actuator because they limit the ion diffusion and accumulation processes and thus affect the deformation in fast response-time and potential engineering ***-dimensional materials,such as one-dimensional(1D)CNT and two-dimensional(2D)vertically stood WS_(2),are great electrode due to their good electrochemical stability and high surface-to-volume ratios,but show limited performances when being used on their own in the actuators because of low reconstruction or low conductivity.A combination of 1D CNT and 2D WS_(2)could form a heterojunction with both high electrochemical activity and great mechanical ***,by depositing highly disordered graphene nanosheets(HDGNs)on CNT films and then WS_(2)on the formed low-dimensional nanocarbon film,a hybrid WS_(2)/HDGN/CNT film was synthesized through a multistep CVD *** grown WS_(2)nanosheets were achieved by taking advantage of HDGNs which limits CNTs ***,the volume expansion caused by the transition from WO_(3)to WS-2can force the vertical growth of WS_(2).This hybrid film shows excellent electrochemical properties,such as high specific capacitance and high rate *** actuators based on the WS_(2)/HDGN/CNT films show good actuating performance,including stability and reconfigurability.

关键词： CNT Graphene Vertically growth WS_(2) Electrochemical actuators

Applications of mercury stable isotopes for tracing volcanism in the geologic record

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1436-1458页

作者： Qing gong Ming-Xing LING Wang ZHENG State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China School of Earth System Science Institute of Surface-Earth System ScienceTianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China

Mercury(Hg)enrichments in ancient sediments have been used as a proxy of volcanism,especially large igneous province(LIP)***,considering the existence of other potential Hg sources besides volcanoes and the diverse factors(e.g.,organic matters,clay minerals,sulfide minerals and Fe oxides)that can affect Hg sequestration,there are considerable uncertainties to simply regard sedimentary Hg anomalies as signatures of volcanic *** stable isotopes,a promising tool for tracing the origins and transformations of Hg,have been increasingly used for determining the causes of Hg spikes and understanding the geochemical behavior of Hg in the geologic *** date,lots of researches have applied Hg concentrations and Hg isotopes to identify LIP volcanisms linking with significant geological events such as mass extinctions,ocean anoxic events and other environmental perturbations that mainly occurred in the ***,the results in previous studies clearly show that not all Hg enrichments are derived from volcanic inputs,which emphasize the need for more caution in using Hg as a fingerprint of *** a better understanding of Hg isotopes in the future,there will be important implications for Hg isotopes to reconstruct volcanic activities in the rock records and their impacts on biological evolution.

关键词： Mercury stable isotopes Large igneous province Mass extinction event Ocean anoxic event