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Correlation between carbon emissions,fuel consumption of vehicles and speed limit on expressway

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 631-642页

作者： Chao gao Jinliang Xu Miao Jia Zhenhua sun School of Highway Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710064China Shaoxing Communications Investment Group Co. Ltd.Shaoxing 312000China

This paper aimed to investigate the correlation between carbon emissions,fuel consumption,and speed limit.A theoretical model was derived based on the energy conservation law,which expresses the relationship between vehicle's fuel consumption and ***,a total of 40 sets of fuel consumption data were collected through field tests to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model at different speeds and different road longitudinal slope *** fuel consumption was then converted to carbon emissions according to the carbon emission factors specified by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).In the field experiment,two types of cars and trucks,which are most common on the expressways in China,were ***,the travel speed under different posted speed limits was obtained through the previously established model,and the carbon emission changes of different vehicle types at different limited speeds are *** results show that the speed limit has a significant impact on fuel consumption and carbon *** the speed limit increased from 80 to 120 km/h,average vehicle speeds increased about 21%-27%,and fuel consumption and carbon emissions increased from approximately 33%-38%.Another interesting result was that the vehicle's fuel consumption and carbon emissions are only affected by *** results of the study explore the effect of speed limits on carbon emissions and provide evidence for road managers to set reasonable speed limits.

关键词： Vehicle carbon emission Vehicle fuel consumption Posted speed limit Average speed Road longitudinal slope

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of two calcium associated cuticular protein genes in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第5期42卷 1659-1672页

作者： Xi gao Mengmeng DUAN Yuying sun Jiquan ZHANG School of Life Sciences/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interaction Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

The body surface of crustaceans is covered with a sturdy *** growth and development of crustaceans are realized through *** denticulata sinensis is a suitable candidate for crustacean scientific *** calcium-associated cuticular protein genes,named NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2,were obtained from *** *** docking simulated the binding effect of both proteins and calcium ***-quantitative reverse transcription PCR results show that NdCAP-1 is expressed in D_(2-4) stage,NdCAP-2 expressed in D_(2-4) and A-B stages,and both were significantly expressed in the cephalothorax cuticle and ***,it was revealed that NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 are regulated by NdEcR-mediated 20 E signaling *** of NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 was observed to cause surface *** recombinant proteins(rNdCAP-1 and rNdCAP-2),obtained by prokaryotic expression,had calcium-binding and chitin-binding ability,inhibited formation of calcium carbonate *** results show that calcium-associated cuticular proteins play important roles in cuticle formation and calcification.

关键词： Neocaridina denticulata sinensis calcium-associated cuticular protein molting cycle RNAi calcium-binding ability

Cubic S/N co-doped TiO_(2) with rich oxygen vacancies from Ti-MOFs for efficient elimination of formaldehyde

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 512-515页

作者： Qing gao Lei sun zhihua Wang Jiguang Deng State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution ControlKey Laboratory of Advanced Functional MaterialsEducation Ministry of ChinaDepartment of Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The cubic S/N co-doped TiO_(2)(TNSx,x is the calcination temperature)photocatalysts with rich oxygen vacancies were obtained by high temperature calcination of sulfur powder and titanium-based MOFs NH_(2)-MIL-125 for the photocatalytic removal of gaseous formaldehyde(a volatile organic compound).Among the obtained catalysts,the presence of oxygen vacancies restricted photogenerated electron and holes recombination.98.00%removal of gaseous formaldehyde in 150 min could be achieved over TNS600 by xenon *** removal efficiency for formaldehyde was well retained for five cycle *** results from PL,TRPL and EIS revealed that TNS600 had the best separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes,and the enhanced charge separation led to a significant increase in photocatalytic *** photocatalytic oxidation mechanism indicated that the ^(•)OH and ^(•)O_(2)−radicals were mainly involved in the efficient elimination of gaseous formaldehyde and were able to mineralize formaldehyde to H_(2)O and CO_(2).

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Photocatalysis Formaldehyde removal S/N co-doped TiO_(2) Oxygen vacancies

Comprehensive tensile properties improved by deep cryogenic treatment prior to aging in friction-stir-welded 2198 Al–Li alloy

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5403-5409页

作者： Jian-Qiu sun Yue Ma Chong gao Hong-Yun Luo School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang University Chinalco Research Institute of Science and Technology

In order to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties,deep cryogenic treatment （DCT）prior to aging was carried out on friction-stir-welded（FSW） 2198 Al-Li alloy;afterward,the microstructure and tensile properties were characterized by means of optical microscopy （OM）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and tensile *** results show that FSW 2198 alloy through DCT prior to aging （DAT） possesses superior tensile properties than conventional aging treatment （AT）The microstructural analysis reveals that DAT alloy exhibits a finer grain structure,since DCT might effectively alleviate the residual stress in FSW 2198 alloy and thus decrease the driving force for grain coarsening in subsequent aging ***,DCT generates dislocation multiplication,which provides more preferential nucleation sites for T1 （Al2CuLi） phase during subsequent aging treatment,resulting in high-density fine T1 phases and thin precipitate-free zone within DAT *** reasonable microstructure leads to DAT alloy possessing better strength-ductility combination compared to AT alloy.

关键词： Al–Li alloy Deep cryogenic treatment Friction stir welding Tensile properties

Gelation mechanisms of gel polymer electrolytes for zinc-based batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 97-116页

作者： Mengjun sun zhi Wang Jvhui Jiang Xiaobing Wang Chuang Yu Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and ReactionsMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control Ministry of EducationHenan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution ControlSchool of EnvironmentHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Zinc-based batteries(ZBs)have been deemed as a potential substitute for lithium-ion batteries due to its unique advantages of abundant resources,low cost and acceptable energy *** great progress in designing electrode materials has been made,the development of high-performance ZBs still remain challenges,such as the dendrite growth of zinc anode,hydrogen evolution reaction,limited electrochemical stability window,water evaporation and liquid *** polymer electrolytes(GPEs),including hydrous GPEs with low content of active water and anhydrous GPEs without the presence of water,are proposed to avoid these ***,employing GPEs is conductive to fabricate flexible devices owing to the good mechanical *** date,most of researches focus on discovering new GPEs and exploring its application on flexible or wearable *** reviews also have outlined the polymer matrixes and advances of GPEs in various battery *** this,herein,we seek to summarize the gelation mechanisms of GPEs,involving physical gel of polymer,chemical crosslinking of polymer and chemical polymerization of ***,the preparation methods are also *** addition,not only the features and central conundrum of GPEs are analyzed but also the corresponding strategies are discussed,contributing to design GPEs with ideal properties for high-performance ZBs.

关键词： Gelation mechanisms Gel polymer electrolytes Zinc-based batteries Gelation methods

Electrolyte Design for Low‑Temperature Li‑Metal Batteries:Challenges and Prospects

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 365-382页

作者： Siyu sun Kehan Wang Zhanglian Hong Mingjia zhi Kai Zhang Jijian Xu Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical TransformationsCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071People’s Republic of China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Electrolyte design holds the greatest opportunity for the development of batteries that are capable of sub-zero temperature *** get the most energy storage out of the battery at low temperatures,improvements in electrolyte chemistry need to be coupled with optimized electrode materials and tailored electrolyte/electrode ***,this review critically outlines electrolytes’limiting factors,including reduced ionic conductivity,large de-solvation energy,sluggish charge transfer,and slow Li-ion transportation across the electrolyte/electrode interphases,which affect the low-temperature performance of Li-metal *** theoretical derivations that explain the explicit influence of temperature on battery performance are presented to deepen *** improvement strategies from the aspects of electrolyte design and electrolyte/electrode interphase engineering are summarized and rigorously *** on future research are proposed to guide the ongoing exploration for better low-temperature Li-metal batteries.

关键词： Solid electrolyte interphase Li metal Low temperature Electrolyte design Batteries

CFD-DEM study on the synergistic effect of coke consumption and particle dynamics in the blast furnace raceway

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 270-278页

作者： Peng Xu Peng Han zhijun He Xizhong An Kang sun Lihua gao Key Laboratory of Green Low-Carbon and Intelligent Metallurgy School of Materials and MetallurgyUniversity of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114000China Key Laboratory for Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral of Ministry of Education School of MetallurgyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China

In this study,the gas-solid flow process in the blast furnace raceway is numerically simulated using coupled computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method(CFD-DEM).The coke reaction kinetics data are imported into the DEM model to reproduce the consumption process of each coke *** effects of inlet gas velocity and angle on the morphology of the raceway,coke consumption rate,coke bed temperature,and particle size distribution in the blast process are systematically investigated and *** results show that the consumption of coke particles promotes the formation of raceways during the blast *** the same time,a coke mixture layer is produced at the edge of the *** higher the inlet gas velocity,the thicker the coke mixture layer in the middle and upper parts of the raceway region,and the larger the proportion of small particles in the coke mixture *** effect of the inlet gas angle on the raceway region is less than the inlet gas ***,with the increase in the inlet gas angle,the high-temperature region of the coke bed extends downward gradually,which is conducive to activating the hearth.

关键词： Blast furnace Raceway Multiphase flow CFD-DEM Modeling

Multiparameter Numerical Investigation of Two Types of Moving Interactions Between the Deep-Sea Mining Vehicle Track Plate and Seabed Soil:Digging and Rotating Motions

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 408-423页

作者： sun Peng-fei LYU Hai-ning YANG Jian-min XU zhi-yong State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySanya 572024China Institute of Marine Equipment Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

To ensure the safe performance of deep-sea mining vehicles(DSMVs),it is necessary to study the mechanical characteristics of the interaction between the seabed soil and the track *** rotation and digging motions of the track plate are important links in the contact between the driving mechanism of the DSMV and seabed *** this study,a numerical simulation is conducted using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian(CEL)large deformation numerical method to investigate the interaction between the track plate of the DSMV and the seabed soil under two working conditions:rotating condition and digging ***,a soil numerical model is established based on the elastoplastic mechanical characterization using the basic physical and mechanical properties of the seabed soil obtained by in situ ***,the soil disturbance mechanism and the dynamic mechanical response of the track plate under rotating and digging conditions are obtained through the analysis of the sensitivity of the motion parameters,the grouser structure,the layered soil features and the soil *** results indicate that the above parameters remarkably influence the interaction between the DSMV and the seabed ***,it is important to consider the rotating and digging motion of the DSMV in practical engineering to develop a detailed optimization design of the track plate.

关键词： deep-sea mining vehicle rotating motion digging motion track plate-seabed soil interaction CEL numerical method

Reasonable grazing may balance the conflict between grassland utilization and soil conservation in the semi-arid hilly areas, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第8期16卷 1130-1146页

作者： sun Hui ZHAO Yunge gao Liqian XU Mingxiang College of Forestry Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Soil erosion caused by unsustainable grazing is a major driver of grassland ecosystem degradation in many semi-arid hilly areas in ***,grazing exclusion is considered as an effective method for solving this issue in such ***,some ecological and economic problems,such as slow grassland rejuvenation and limited economic conditions,have become obstacles for the sustainable utilization of grassland ***,we hypothesized that the conflict between grassland use and soil conservation may be balanced by a reasonable grazing *** this study,a two-year grazing fence experiment with five grazing intensity gradients was conducted in a typical grassland of the Loess Plateau in China to evaluate the responses of vegetation characteristics and soil and water losses to grazing *** five grazing intensity gradients were 2.2,3.0,4.2,6.7,and 16.7 goats/hm2,which were represented by G1-G5,respectively,and no grazing was used as *** results showed that a reasonable grazing intensity was conducive to the sustainable utilization of grassland *** biomass under G1-G4 grazing intensity significantly increased by 51.9%,42.1%,36.9%,and 36.7%,respectively,compared with *** addition,vegetation coverage increased by 19.6%under G1 grazing *** diversity showed a single peak trend with increasing grazing *** Shannon-Wiener diversity index under G1-G4 grazing intensities significantly increased by 22.8%,22.5%,13.3%,and 8.3%,respectively,compared with ***,grazing increased the risk of soil *** with control,runoff yields under G1-G5 grazing intensities increased by 1.4,2.6,2.8,4.3,and 3.9 times,respectively,and sediment yields under G1-G5 grazing intensities were 3.0,13.0,20.8,34.3,and 37.7 times greater,respectively,than those under *** result was mainly attributed to a visible decrease in litter biomass after grazing,which decreased by 50.5%,72.6%,79.0%,80.0%

关键词： fence-controlled grazing rehabilitated grassland vegetation community characteristics soil erosion sediment biocrusts Loess Plateau