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Photocatalytic and photochemical processes of AgCl/TiO_(2) studied with a fully integrated X-ray photoelectron spectrometer

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Rare Metals 2021年第4期40卷 799-807页

作者： Kai Zhou Wen-Lu He xiao Zhang Bin Zhang xiang-nan Gong Kai-Wen Wang zhi-Chao Zhang Xi-Lan Zhang zhi-Ning xia xiao-Yuan Zhou Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China College of Physics Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China Beijing Key Laboratory and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China

A fully integrated X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS) was employed for the investigation of the separation processes and recombination behaviors of photogenerated electrons and holes on the surface of AgCl and ultra-small nano-titanium oxide cluster composite photocatalyst(AgCl/TiO_(2)).A facile route,by direct colloidal synthesis,for preparing AgCl/TiO_(2)with high stability and enhanced visible light(Vis) driven catalytic activity was *** photocatalytic activity of AgCl/TiO_(2),which revealed that the photo-degradation rate of the as-prepared AgCl/TiO_(2)was nearly 10.5 times higher than that of bare AgCl,was evaluated by applying it to the photo-degradation of methyl orange(MO) in water ***,AgCl/TiO_(2)exhibited an outstanding long-term stability during ten cycles of *** band gap of AgCl decreased from 3.25 to 2.85 eV because of the ultrasmall nano-TiO_(2)clusters that were pinned to its *** results indicate that the band gap narrowing and surface plasmon resonance(SPR) of Ag(0) were two major contributors to the enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of AgCl/TiO_(2)by improving the utilization of *** situ XPS analysis was,therefore,certified as a beneficial method to explore the catalytic mechanism of photocatalysts.

关键词： Photocatalysis AgCl/TiO_(2) Fully integrated XPS Band gap narrowing

Effect of thermal cycles on microstructure of reduced activation steel fabricated using laser melting deposition

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2021年第3期28卷 316-326页

作者： Qian An zhi-xin xia Chi Zhang zhi-gang Yang Hao Chen School of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Shagang School of Iron and Steel Soochow UniversitySuzhou215021JiangsuChina

Reduced activation steel was successfully fabricated by laser melting deposition employing a Gaussian and a ring-shaped *** microstructure evolution of the reduced activation steel was investigated using the scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope and electron backscatter *** experimental results showed that the grains close to the substrate were smaller than the grains in the upper *** to those deposited using a Gaussian laser,the samples deposited using a ring-shaped laser showed a more homogeneous ***,a finite element analysis(FEA)model was applied to reveal the thermal history during laser melting *** simulation results were well validated with the experimental *** results indicate that the peak temperature increases and the cooling rate decreases,as the layer gets further from the ***,the temperature and the cooling rate resulting from the Gaussian laser model were higher at the midline of the samples and lower around the edges,whereas those of the ring-shaped laser model were consistent with both at the center and around the edges.

关键词： Laser melting deposition Reduced activation steel Microstructure evolution Thermal cycle Finite element analysis

In situ observation of the effect of Al N particles on bainitic transformation in a carbide-free medium carbon steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第5期27卷 620-629页

作者： xiao-jie Zhao zhi-nan Yang Fu-cheng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China

The bainitic transformation of the steels with different mass fractions of N, ~0.002% and 0.021%, was observed in situ by using high-temperature metalloscope. Micrometer-and nanometer-sized aluminum nitride(AlN) particles were found in the steel with 0.021% *** boundaries, the interior of the grains, and Al N particles were used as initial nucleation sites of bainitic ferrite, and bainitic ferrite subunits served as new nucleation sites to induce secondary nucleation. The lengthening rate of bainitic ferrite varied at different nucleation sites, which was controlled by the repeated nucleation and growth of bainitic subunits. The Al N particles not only provided several nucleation sites, but also increased the autocatalytic effect on the transformation, further shortening the incubation period, promoting the bainitic transformation, and refining the bainitic microstructure.

关键词： bainitic steel In situ observation phase transformation aluminum nitride

Soil erosion calculation in the hydro-fluctuation belt by adding water erosivity factor in the USLE model

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第9期17卷 2123-2135页

作者： XIN zhi-yuan xia Jian-guo College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

Soils in the hydro-fluctuation belts of the reservoirs are most highly influenced by the special hydro-conditions and reservoir operation,leading to unique soil erosion process and largely accelerate soil erosion *** present study aimed to estimate soil erosion rate in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Pubugou Reservoir,Southwest China,based on the framework of Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE).An attempt has been made to modify the original USLE by including the reservoir water erosivity(W),a new factor into the *** erosion rate from different land use types were quantitatively estimated,using the USLE and the modified USLE *** observation showed that soil erosion rate in dry farmland,bare land and grassland was 4700,44600 and 5050 t/km2,*** erosion rate assessed by the modified USLE was closely related to that recorded from the field monitoring *** findings of this study clearly highlight the importance of inclusion of the W factor to the original USLE model while assessing soil erosion in the reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt.

关键词： Modified USLE Water erosivity Soil erosion Hydro-fluctuation belt Reservoir

Asperuloside Promotes Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer Cells through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mitochondrial Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 34-41页

作者： QI zhi-min WANG xia LIU xia ZHAO Juan Medical Examination Center Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang(050011)China Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuang(050011)China Experimental Center for Teaching Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuang(050017)China

Objective: To investigate the effects of asperuloside on cervical cancer based on endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress and mitochondrial pathway. Methods: Different doses(12.5–800 μg/mL) of asperuloside were used to treat cervical cancer cell lines Hela and CaSki to calculate the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) of asperuloside. The cell proliferation was analyzed by clone formation assay. Cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt-c, cleaved-caspase-4 and glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78) were analyzed by Western blot. And the inhibitor of ER stress, 4-phenyl butyric acid(4-PBA) was used to treat cervical cancer cells to further verify the role of ER stress in the apoptosis of cervical cancer cells induced by asperuloside. Results: Asperuloside of 325, 650, and 1300 μg/mL significantly inhibited the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of Hela and CaSki cells(P<0.01). All doses of asperuloside significantly increased intracellular ROS levels, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, significantly reduced Bcl-2 protein expression level, and increased Bax, Cyt-c, GRP78 and cleaved-caspase-4 expressions(P<0.01). In addition, 10 mmol/L 4-PBA treatment significantly promoted cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis(P<0.05), and 650 μg/mL asperuloside could reverse 4-PBA-induced increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and cleaved-caspase-3,-4 and GRP78 protein expressions(P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed the role of asperuloside in cervical cancer, suggesting that asperuloside promotes apoptosis of cervical cancer cells through ER stress-mitochondrial pathway.

关键词： asperuloside Chinese medicine cervical cancer endoplasmic reticulum stress mitochondrial damage apoptosis

Effects of Adiabatic Dust Charge Fluctuation and Particles Collisions on Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves in Three-Dimensional Magnetized Dusty Plasmas

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2009年第3期51卷 524-528页

作者： CHEN Jian-Hong WEI nan-xia Department of Physics Lanzhou City University Lanzhou 730070 China Provincial Center for School Curricuhum and Textbook Education Department of Gansu Prinvince Lanzhou 730000 China

Taking into account the combined effects of the external magnetic field, adiabatic dust charge fluctuation and collisions occurring between the charged dust grains and neutral gas particles （dust-neutral collisions）, the dust-acoustic solitary waves in three-dimensional uniform dusty plasmas are investigated analytically. By using the reductive perturbation method, the Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equation governing the dnst-aconstic solitary waves is obtained. The present analytical results show that only rarefactive solitary waves exist in this system. It is also found that the effects of the wave vector along the z-direction, dust charge variation, collisional frequency, the plasma density, and temperature ratio can significantly influence the characteristics of low-frequency wave modes. Moreover, for the collisional dusty plasmas, there is a certain critical value μc of the plasma density ratio μ, if μ 〈 μc, the width of the waves increases with μ, otherwise the width of waves decreases with μ.

关键词： adiabatic variation KdV equation solitary waves

Two-dimensional material separation membranes for renewable energy purification, storage, and conversion

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Green Energy & Environment 2021年第2期6卷 193-211页

作者： Liheng Dai Kang Huang Yongsheng xia zhi Xu State Key Laborutory of Chemical Engineering Schood of Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech Universiy30 Puzhu Road(S)Nanjing211816China

The current energy crisis has prompted the development of new energy sources and energy storage/conversion devices. Membranes, as the key component, not only provide enormous separation potential for energy purification but also guarantee stable and high-efficiency operation for rechargeable batteries and fuel cells. Remarkably, two-dimensional(2D) material separation membranes have attracted intense attention on their excellent performance in energy field applications, owing to high mechanical/chemical stability, low mass transport resistance, strict sizeexclusion, and abundant modifiable functional groups. In this review, we concentrate on the recent progress of 2D membrane and introduce 2D membranes based on graphene oxide(GO), MXenes, 2D MOFs, 2D COFs, and 2D zeolite nanosheets, which are applied in membrane separation(H2 collection and biofuel purification) and battery separators(vanadium flow battery, Li–S battery, and fuel cell). The mass transport mechanism, selectivity mechanism, and modification methods of these 2D membranes are stated in brief, mainly focusing on interlayer dominant membranes(GO and MXenes) and pore dominant membranes(MOFs, COFs, and zeolite nanosheets). In conclusion, we highlight the challenges and outlooks of applying 2D membranes in energy fields.

关键词： Two-dimensional materials Membranes Separation New energy

Disentangling the influencing factors of spatiotemporal evolution of sloping farmland in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第11期21卷 3702-3719页

作者： LIANG Jiale xia nan CHEN Wanxu LI Manchun Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Technology School of Geography and Ocean ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Department of Geographic Information Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Collaborative Innovation Center for the South Sea Studies Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environmental Changes Faculty of GeographyYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring and Supervision in Southern Hilly Region Ministry of Natural ResourcesChangsha 410118China

Sloping farmland(SpF)is not only an important space for food production and supply in China’s hilly areas,but also a major source of soil ***,it is important to achieve a healthy balance between regional food security and environmental *** River Economic Belt(YREB),an important grain production base where SpF concentrated in China,is also faced with serious soil ***,research at the macro scale on the spatiotemporal change of SpF and its driving forces in YREB is still *** bridge the gap,we first analyzed the long-term evolution characteristics of SpF in 1069 counties in the YREB and then explored the driving mechanism of SpF changes during *** showed that the SpF in the YREB continuously decreased during the study period,with a total area decreasing by 26,300 *** was primarily concentrated in the upper reaches of the YREB while SpF use dynamic degree varied significantly with the most active change in the lower reaches,reaching to a maximum of 0.324%.The spatial gravity of SpF distribution relocated 20.15 km towards the *** for the driving factors,the socioeconomic factors contributed greater to SpF changes in the whole YREB and its *** intensity of human activities is the most crucial,with factor contribution rate constantly above *** interactive detection revealed that the prevailing interaction format was primarily bi-enhanced,supplemented with nonlinear-enhanced,which amplified the role of different factors after interacting with *** pair-wise interaction involving socioeconomic factors had a more potential effect on SpF changes compared to those between physical geography and locational *** influence of the intensity of human activities on SpF changes is greatly enhanced after interacting with any *** dominated SpF changes in the YREB and its interaction with GDP played an important role at all *** findings can enlighten differential management strat

关键词： Sloping farmland driving factors standard deviation ellipse Geographic detector Yangtze River Economic Belt

Influence of Prior Austenite Deformation and Non-Metallic Inclusions on Ferrite Formation in Low-Carbon Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第6期17卷 36-42页

作者： ZHANG Chi xia zhi-xin YANG zhi-gang LIU zhi-hao Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Effects of prior austenite deformation and non-metallic inclusions on the ferrite nucleation and grain refine- ment of two kinds of low-carbon steels have been studied. The ferrite nucleation on MnS and V（C, N） is observed. The combination of thermomeehanical processes with adequate amounts of non-metallic inclusions formed in low-car- bon steels could effectively refine the grain size and the microstructure. Ferrite nucleated on the single MnS or V（C, N） inclusions and complex MnS＋V（C,N） inclusion. The proper addition of elements S and V could effectively promote the formation of ferrite and further refinement of ferrite grains.

关键词： austenite deformation non-metallic inclusion ferrite nucleation low-carbon steel