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Severe pediatric COVID‑19:a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives

World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 307-324页

作者： Yi‑Kan Sun Can Wang Pei‑Quan Lin Lei Hu Jing Ye zhi‑gang gao Ru Lin Hao‑Min Li Qiang Shu Li‑Su Huang Lin‑Hua Tan Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310030China Surgical Intensive Care Unit Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Clinical Data Center Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Cardiac Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China Department of Infectious Diseases Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Background Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)tends to have mild presentations in ***,severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times,meriting further attention from ***,the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely *** sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed,Embase,and Wanfang *** keywords included“COVID-19 in children”,“severe pediatric COVID-19”,and“critical illness in children with COVID-19”.Results Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated *** respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations,while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be *** immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways,whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical *** inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C),a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure,denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric *** the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems,clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult *** Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ *** dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course,epitomize the vast functional diversity of the

关键词： Immunopathophysiology MIS-C Pediatric critical care Severe pediatric COVID-19

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Preliminary exploration of animal models of congenital choledochal cysts

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第10期30卷 1420-1430页

作者： Shu-Hao Zhang Yue-Bin Zhang Duo-Te Cai Tao Pan Ken Chen Yi Jin Wen-Juan Luo Zong-Wei Huang Qing-Jiang Chen zhi-gang gao Department of General Surgery Children’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310000Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts(CCs),but with little convincing *** surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of ***,recent studies have focused more on clinical issues rather than basic ***,we need appropriate animal models to further basic *** To establish an appropriate animal model that may contribute to the investigation of the pathogenesis of *** Eighty-four specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a surgical group,sham surgical group,or control group.A rat model of CC was established by partial ligation of the bile *** reliability of the model was confirmed by measurements of serum biochemical indices,morpho-logy of common bile ducts of the rats as well as molecular biology experiments in rat and human *** Dilation classified as mild(diameter,≥1 mm to<3 mm),moderate(≥3 mm to<10 mm),and severe(≥10 mm)was observed in 17,17,and 2 rats in the surgical group,respectively,while no dilation was observed in the control and sham surgical *** levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotrans-ferase,total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,and total bile acids were significantly elevated in the surgical group as compared to the control group 7 d after surgery,while direct bilirubin,total bilirubin,and gamma-glutamyltransferase were further increased 14 d after *** of the biochemical indices gradually decreased to normal ranges 28 d after *** protein expression trend of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in rat model was consistent with the human CC *** The model of partial ligation of the bile duct of juvenile rats could morphologically simulate the cystic or fusiform CC,which may contribute to investigating the pathogenesis of CC.

关键词： Choledochal cyst Animal model Partial ligation Cystic and fusiform dilation Juvenile rats

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Schedulability analysis for linear transactions under fixed priority hybrid scheduling

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第6期9卷 776-785页

作者： zhi-gang gao Zhao-hui WU School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

In hard real-time systems, schedulability analysis is not only one of the important means of guaranteeing the timelines of embedded software but also one of the fundamental theories of applying other new techniques, such as energy savings and fault tolerance. However, most of the existing schedulability analysis methods assume that schedulers use preemptive scheduling or non-preemptive scheduling. In this paper, we present a schedulability analysis method, i.e., the worst-case hybrid scheduling (WCHS) algorithm, which considers the influence of release jitters of transactions and extends schedulability analysis theory to timing analysis of linear transactions under fixed priority hybrid scheduling. To the best of our knowledge, this method is the first one on timing analysis of linear transactions under hybrid scheduling. An example is employed to demonstrate the use of this method. Experiments show that this method has lower computational complexity while keeping correctness, and that hybrid scheduling has little influence on the average worst-case response time (WCRT), but a negative impact on the schedulability of systems.

关键词： Real-time systems Hybrid scheduling Linear transactions Worst-case response time (WCRT) Schedulability analysis

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Surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in children:A singlecenter study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第23期8卷 5988-5998页

作者： Duo-Te Cai Qiang Shu Shu-Hao Zhang Jia Liu zhi-gang gao Department of General Surgery the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310051Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of General Surgery National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310051Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pediatric Surgery the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Pediatric Surgery National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhou 310058Zhejiang ProvinceChina Department of Ear Noseand Throat Surgerythe Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310051Zhejiang ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Since 2017,the number of magnet ingestion cases has increased year over year in our *** all of the ingested magnetic foreign bodies were magnetic beads,and most of the patients experienced intestinal perforations,causing substantial *** To summarize our experience with surgical treatment of multiple magnet ingestion in *** The data for general surgeries were collected from January 2010 to April 2020,and the clinical characteristics,treatment methods,and outcomes were summarized and *** typical cases were selected and *** Fifty-six cases of ingested magnetic foreign bodies were collected,of which 47 were magnetic *** average patient age was 4.7±3.0 years *** number of ingested magnetic foreign bodies ranged from 2 to *** were 26 cases with symptoms at the time of admission,including two cases of *** patients were discharged successfully following conservative treatment and 43 were treated by *** was the main method of *** was used in four cases,of which three were converted to open surgery,and one was treated successfully using surgery through the *** complications occurred in seven cases,incision infections were observed in six,and adhesive ileus was observed in *** Clinicians need to summarize their experiences with treating magnetic foreign body ingestions in detail and carry out clinical research to reduce the damage to children.

关键词： Children Magnetic foreign body Pediatric surgery Intestinal perforation Buckyball Magnetic bead

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A convenient synthesis of 2β,3α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid as a natural diastereoisomer of corosolic acid

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2013年第7期24卷 617-618页

作者： Shi-Sheng Wang Li-Juan Luo zhi-gang gao Tong-Wei Guan Wei-Jie Zhao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology

2β,3α--Dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid （6） is a naturally occurring diastereoisomer of corosolic acid with glycogen phosphorylase inhibitory activity. A new strategy for the semi-synthesis of 6 was developed. Using the commercially available ursolic acid （1） as the starting materials, 6 was synthesized through five facile reactions with a high stereoselectivity and an overall yield of 47,3%, The structure of 6 was confirmed by optical rotation, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR data,

关键词： 2β 3α--Dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid Ursolic acid Glycogen phosphorylase Corosolic acid

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Two new steroidal alkaloids from Veratrum nigrum ***

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第10期21卷 1209-1212页

作者： Xue Feng Zhou zhi gang gao Xu Ran Han Wei Jie Zhao Shi Sheng Wang School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116012 China

Two new steroidal alkaloids, veraussines A （1） and B （2） were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense. Their structures were determined as N-（ethoxycarbonyl）- 1 α,2β,3α, 15α-tetrahydroxy-5fl-jervanin- 12-en- 11 -one （1） and N-（methoxycarbonyl）-1α,2β,3α,15α-tetrahydroxy-5/3-jervanin-12-en-1 l-one （2） by spectroscopic analysis.

关键词： Veratrum nigrum var. ussuriense Veraussine Steroidal alkaloid

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Sea level change under IPCC-A2 scenario in Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas

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Water Science and Engineering 2014年第4期7卷 446-456页

作者： Chang-lin CHEN Jun-cheng ZUO Mei-xiang CHEN zhi-gang gao C.-K.SHUM State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore EngineeringHohai University National Marine Date and Information Service State Oceanic Administration School of Earth Sciences Ohio State University

Because of the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of anthropogenic sea level rise （SLR）, it is very important to understand the processes leading to past and present SLRs towards more reliable future SLR projections. A regional ocean general circulation model （ROGCM）, with a grid refinement in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas （BYECSs）, was set up to project SLR induced by the ocean dynamic change in the 21st century. The model does not consider the contributions from ice sheets and glacier melting. Data of all forcing terms required in the model came from the simulation of the Community Climate System Model version 3.0 （CCSM3） under the International Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）-A2 scenario. Simulation results show that at the end of the 21st century, the sea level in the BYECSs will rise about 0.12 to 0.20 m. The SLR in the BYECSs during the 21st century is mainly caused by the ocean mass redistribution due to the ocean dynamic change of the Pacific Ocean, which means that water in the Pacific Ocean tends to move to the continental shelves of the BYECSs, although the local steric sea level change is another factor.

关键词： sea level rise steric sea level change IPCC-A2 scenario mass redistribution Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas

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Deep venous thrombosis after gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第7期15卷 885-887页

作者： Jia-Sen gao Zhen-Jun Wang Guang-Hui Wei Wei-Liang Song Bing-Qiang Yi zhi-gang gao Bo Zhao Zuo Liu Ang Li Department of General Surgery Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100020 China

The treatment of gastric carcinoma consists of neoadjuvant chemoradiation,partial gastrectomy,subtotal gastrectomy,total gastrectomy,extended resection,and postoperative ***,gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy is the optimal choice for late gastric *** complications are common after total gastrectomy including hemorrhage,anastomotic leakage,f istula,and ***,deep venous thrombosis(DVT) is an uncommon complication after gastrectomy for gastric *** describe a case of a 68-year-old female patient with DVT after gastrectomy for gastric *** patient was treated with anticoagulants and thrombolytics and subjected to necessary laboratory *** patient recovered well after treatment and was symptom-free during a 3-mo *** conclude that correct diagnosis and treatment of DVT are crucial.

关键词： Gastric carcinoma Gastrectomy, Deepvenous thrombosis Postoperative complication Anticoagulant Thrombolytic therapy Low molecularweight heparins Streptokinase Warfarin sodium

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Clinical experience in the treatment of children who swallowed multiple magnetic foreign bodies: A report of five cases

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第3期13卷 274-277页

作者： Yue-Bin Zhang zhi-gang gao Qi-Xing Xiong Li-Feng Zhang Dou-Te Cai Jia-Bin Cai Department of General Surgery Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina

Background:Several clinical reports have been published on complications resulting from swallowing multiple magnetic foreign *** study aimed to summarize the clinical experience of managing children who swallowed multiple magnetic foreign ***:We reviewed the clinical records of five children who swallowed multiple magnetic foreign bodies and were admitted to our hospital during June 2012 to June *** of the patients' presentation,imaging studies,complications and treatment were ***:All five children suffered from gastrointestinal perforation and intestinal *** magnetic foreign bodies caused local bowel wall tissue ischemia necrosis and perforation as well as other complications associated with fistula *** magnets were finally removed by laparotomy ***:If magnetic foreign bodies cannot be removed by endoscopy,an operation is suggested as soon as possible to avoid serious complications.

关键词： children gastrointestinal perforation intestinal obstruction magnetic foreign bodies

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Preliminary identification of key miRNAs, signaling pathways, and genes associated with Hirschsprung's disease by analysis of tissue microRNA expression profiles

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2017年第5期13卷 489-495页

作者： zhi-gang gao Qing-Jiang Chen Min Shao Yun-Zhong Qian Li-Feng Zhang Yue-Bin Zhang Qi-Xing Xiong Pediatric General Surgery Department The Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina International Medical Center The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversitySchool of MedicineHangzhouChina

Background:Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital gut motility disorder of infants,and if left untreated,it is fatal to the affected *** study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs),signaling pathways and genes involved in the pathogenesis of ***:The miRNA microarray dataset GSE77296 was *** colon tissue samples were available:six from HSCR patients and three matched control *** expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified after data *** genes of the selected upregulated and downregulated DEMs were *** addition,functional enrichment analyses for the selected DEMs and target genes were ***,interaction networks between the DEMs and target genes were ***:A total of 162 DEMs (73 upregulated and 89 downregulated) were obtained.A total of 2511 DEM-target gene pairs for the 40 selected DEMs were identified,including 1645 pairs for the upregulated DEMs and 866 pairs for the downregulated *** upregulated DEM miR-141-3p and down-regulated DEM miR-30a-3p were identified as key miRNAs by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and network ***,KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that pathways in cancer and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were key *** key genes frizzled class receptor 3 (FZD3) and docking protein 6 (DOK6) were obtained through the DEM-target gene interaction ***:Two key miRNAs (miR-141-3p and miR-30a-3p),the MAPK signaling pathway and two key genes (FZD3 and DOK6) were implicated in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

关键词： differentially expressed microRNA docking protein 6 frizzled class receptor 3 Hirschsprung's disease mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway

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