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Suburbanization and Subcentering of Population in Beijing Metropolitan Area:A Nonparametric Analysis

Chinese Geographical Science 2012年第4期22卷 472-482页

作者： SUN Tieshan han zhenhai WANG Lanlan LI Guoping School of Government Peking University Beijing 100871 China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural ResourcesResearch Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China China Academy of Public Finance and Public Policy Central University of Finance and Economics Beijing 100081 China)

This study focuses on the suburbanization and subcentering of population and examines the nature of spatial restructuring in terms of the population distribution in the Beijing metropolitan *** of the classic density function approach,we employ the nonparametric analysis to characterize the spatial pattern of population densities in the Beijing metropolitan area and identify the suburban *** findings suggest that the population has spread with rapid urban growth in the Beijing metropolitan area,and the compact urban form has been replaced by a more dispersed polycentric spatial ***,compared with the decentralization of western cities,the spatial extent of the decentralization of population in the Beijing metropolitan area is quite *** rapid growth of population in the near suburbs has expedited the sprawl of the central city,with a larger central agglomeration of population dominating the metropolitan *** this sense,the spatial pattern of the Beijing metropolitan area is still characterized by the continuous ***,our findings do provide the evidence that the city has been turning to a polycentric *** find significant population subcenters have emerged in the suburbs of Beijing since the *** the polycentricity emerged in the Beijing metropolitan area is very different by nature from that observed in Western *** subcenters emerged are adherent to the development scheme planned for the city,so it can be referred to as the so called 'planned polycentricity'.

关键词： suburbanization population subcenters polycentricity urban spatial structure Beijing metropolitan area

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Natural variations in MdNAC18 exert major genetic effect on apple fruit harvest date by regulating ethylene biosynthesis genes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第11期66卷 2450-2469页

作者： Guo Wen Bei Wu Yi Wang Ting Wu zhenhai han Xinzhong Zhang College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Dissecting the genetic control of apple fruit harvest date(AFHD) into multiple Mendelian factors poses a significant challenge in modern ***,a quantitative trait locus(QTL)for AFHD was fine-mapped to the NAC transcription factor(TF) MdNAC18 within the interval defined by the overlap of QTLs Z03.5/Z03.6 and F03.2/*** direct target of MdNAC18 is the ethylene biosynthesis gene *** single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) SNP517 and SNP958 in the MdNAC18 coding sequence modulated activation of MdACO1by ***1229 in the MdACO1 promoter destroyed the MdNAC18 binding site and thus abolished MdNAC18 ***517 and SNP958also affected MdNAC18 activation of the TF gene MdARF5;MdARF5 activates the ethylene biosynthesis gene ***517 and SNP958 in MdNAC18,SNP1229 and SNP769(linked to In Del62) in MdACO1,and In Del162 in MdACS1constituted a genetic variation *** genetic effect of this network on AFHD was estimated as60.3 d,accounting for 52.6% of the phenotype variation of the training *** joint effects of these polymorphisms increased the accuracy of a genomics-assisted prediction(GAP) model for AFHD(r = 0.7125).Together,our results suggest that genetic variation in MdNAC18 affects AFHD by modulating ethylene biosynthesis and provide an optimized GAP model for apple breeding.

关键词： ethylene fruit harvest date genetic variation Malus domestica Borkh MdNAC18

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ERF4 affects fruit ripening by acting as a JAZ interactor between ethylene and jasmonic acid hormone signaling pathways

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2022年第6期8卷 689-699页

作者： Yanan Hu Hualin Sun Zhenyun han Shuai Wang Ting Wang Qiqi Li Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu zhenhai han Ting Wu State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Plant Science and Technology College Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China

The regulation of apple(Malus domestica)fruit texture during ripening is complex and a fundamental determinant of its commercial *** climacteric fruit,ripening-related processes are regulated by ethylene(ET),and jasmonate(JA)is also involved in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway,mainly through the transcription factor ***,the molecular genetic mechanism for fruit ripening processes between the JA and ET signaling pathways still needs to be *** order to explore how JA regulates apple fruit ripening through ERF4,we used’Gala’and’Ralls Janet’fruit at different developmental stages as experimental materials to determine the fruit firmness and related gene expression ***,we carried out different hormone treatments on’Gala’fruit at ripening ***,we show that ERF4 is a core JA signaling hub protein JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ)interactor that affects ethylene signaling *** fruit development,ERF4 represses the expression of ACS1 and ACO1 by interacting with JAZ,as well as with the JA-activated transcription factor *** is promoted in JAZ-suppressed ***,ERF4 acts as a molecular link between ethylene and JA hormone signals,and the natural variation of the ERF4Ethylene-responsive binding factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif decreases repression of ethylene biosynthesis genes.

关键词： Apple ERF4 Ethylene Fruit ripening JAZ

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Progress of Apple Rootstock Breeding and Its Use

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2019年第5期5卷 183-191页

作者： Yi Wang Wei Li Xuefeng Xu Changpeng Qiu Ting Wu Qinping Wei Fengwang Ma zhenhai han College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences Beijing100093China College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Apple rootstock breeding has achieved great progress *** this review,we first summarize the rootstock breeding targets and utilization in main apple-producing ***,we discuss the focus and important research areas of apple rootstock breeding through five aspects:parent selection and setting of crosses,target genes and marker-assisted breeding,root configuration-guided breeding,apomictic resource utilization,and the application of genetic ***,we propose an apple rootstock division plan for China,which has a large potential to provide guidance for apple rootstock breeding and utilization in different apple-producing areas of China.

关键词： apple rootstock breeding root configuration apomictic resource utilization rootstock division

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Characteristics of long-distance mobile mRNAs from shoot to root in grafted plant species

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 25-37页

作者： Mengmeng Fu Zhen Xu Huaying Ma Yifan Hao Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu zhenhai han Ting Wu College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Plant Science and Technology College Beijing University of AgricultureBeijing 102206China

Thousands of long-distance mobile mRNAs were identified from different grafting systems,based on high-throughput sequencing ***,the long-distance delivery of RNAs was proved to involve multiple ***,we analyzed the homology,motif,and tRNA-like structure(TLS)of long-distance mobile mRNAs identified by RNA-seq as well as the RNA-binding protein(RBP)in nine grafting combinations including Arabidopsis thaliana,Vitis vinifera,Cucumis sativus,Citrullus lanatus,Nicotiana benthamiana,Malus domestica,Pyrus spp.,Glycine max and Phaseolus *** several mRNAs were found to be shared in herbaceous,woody,and related species,the vast majority of long-distance mobile mRNAs were *** non-specific movement-related motifs were identified,while the TLS was not necessary for mRNA long distance *** addition,we found that RBPs were conserved among herbaceous and woody plants as well as related *** paper reports a further in-depth analysis of the endogenous mechanisms by which the species-specific transportable m RNAs were selected by bioinformatics,in order to provide insights for future research on long-distance mobile mRNAs.

关键词： Grafting combination Long-distance mobile mRNA TLS RNA binding proteins

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Niche differentiation shapes the bacterial diversity and composition of apple

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第1期9卷 35-44页

作者： Yimei Huang Xiaofen Chai Xiaona Wang Beibei Gao Hui Li zhenhai han Xuefeng Xu Xinzhong Zhang Ting Wu Yi Wang College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

Microorganisms play an important role in plant growth,health and ecological *** is necessary to explore the microbial community because of the significant ecological and economic value of apples(Malus x domestica).However,the related bacterial communities in different ecological habitats are not clear in the unique scion/rootstock combinations of *** this study,the Illumina Miseq platform was used to analyze the bacterial communities in different niches(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil and roots)of two scion/rootstock combinations[Fuji/Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang(Mx)and Fuji/Malus baccata(L.)Borkh.(Mb)].The relationship between the microbial community,soil properties,and plant characters was *** results showed that the diversity of the bacterial community decreased from bulk soil to rhizosphere soil and then to *** addition,at the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Acitinobacteria were dominant and had notable divergence in different ecological *** niches had remarkable effects on the diversity and composition of the bacterial community according to *** rootstock genotype had an effect on the bacterial composition but no effect on the ***,soil organic matter(SOM),alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen(AN)were the main factor affecting the structure of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil,as shown by Pearson *** taxa in the roots were affected by starch,fructose,sucrose and *** study showed the microbial community structure in different ecological niches of different scion/rootstock combinations and provided some evidence for understanding the microbial-plant interaction of apple rootstocks.

关键词： Apple Microbial community Rootstock genotype Ecology niche

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Movement of ACC oxidase 3 mRNA from seeds to flesh promotes fruit ripening in apple

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1221-1235页

作者： Ting Wang Yi Zheng Chen Xu Yulin Deng Xinyi Hao Zicheng Chu Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang zhenhai han Ting Wu College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Plant Science and Technology College Bioinformatics CenterBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina

Xenia,the phenomenon in which the pollen genotype directly affects the phenotypic characteristics of maternal tissues(i.e.,fruit ripening),has applications in crop production and ***,the underlying molecular mechanism has yet to be ***,we investigated whether mobile mRNAs from the pollen affect the ripening and quality-related characteristics of the fruit using cross-pollination between distinct Malus domestica(apple)*** demonstrated that hundreds of mobile mRNAs originating fromthe seeds are deliveredto *** themovementof one of these mRNAs,AcC oxidase 3(MdAco3),is coordinated with fruit *** acid treatment,which can cause plasmodesmal closure,blocks MdAcO3 movement,indicating that MdAcO3 transcripts may move through the *** assess the role of mobile MdAcO3 transcripts in apple fruit,we created MdACO3-GFP-expressing apple seeds using MdACO3-GFP-overexpressing pollen for pollination and showed that MdACO3 transcripts in the transgenic seeds move to the flesh,where they promote fruit ***,we demonstrated that MdAco3 can be transported from the seeds to fruit in the fleshy-fruited species tomato and *** results underscore the potential of mobile mRNAs from seeds to influence fruit characteristics,providing an explanation for the xenia ***,our findings highlight the feasibility of leveraging diverse pollen genomic resources,without resorting to genome editing,to improve fruitquality.

关键词： fruit ripening xenia ACO3 mobile RNA seed(to flesh)

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Molecular and physiological characterization of the effects of auxin-enriched rootstock on grafting

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 926-938页

作者： Longmei Zhai Xiaomin Wang Dan Tang Qi Qi Huseyin Yer Xiangning Jiang zhenhai han Richard McAvoy Wei Li Yi Li Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193PR China Institute of Botany Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210014PR China National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding College of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083PR China

Grafting is a highly useful technique,and its success largely depends on graft union *** this study,we found that root-specific expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene iaaM in tobacco,when used as rootstock,resulted in more rapid callus formation and faster graft ***,overexpression of the auxin-inactivating iaaL gene in rootstocks delayed graft *** observed increased endogenous auxin levels and auxin-responsive DR5::GUS expression in scions of WT/iaaM grafts compared with those found in WT/WT grafts,which suggested that auxin is transported upward from rootstock to scion tissues.A transcriptome analysis showed that auxin enhanced graft union formation through increases in the expression of genes involved in graft healing in both rootstock and scion *** also observed that the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACS1 and the ethylene-responsive gene ERF5 were upregulated in both scions and rootstocks of the WT/iaaM ***,exogenous applications of the ethylene precursor ACC to the junction of WT/WT grafts promoted graft union formation,whereas application of the ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor AVG delayed graft healing in WT/WT grafts,and the observed delay was less pronounced in the WT/iaaM *** results demonstrated that elevated auxin levels in the iaaM rootstock in combination with the increased auxin levels in scions caused by upward transport/diffusion enhanced graft union formation and that ethylene was partially responsible for the effects of auxin on *** findings showed that grafting success can be enhanced by increasing the auxin levels in rootstocks using transgenic or gene-editing techniques.

关键词： union enriched characterization

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Genome-wide identification and characterization of the IPT family members in nine Rosaceae species and a functional analysis of MdIPT5b in cold resistance

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2023年第4期9卷 616-630页

作者： Yi Feng Jiahong Lv Mengqun Peng Jie Li Yue Wu Min Gao Xinyi Wu Yi Wang Ting Wu Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu zhenhai han College of Horticulture China Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China

Cytokinins are members of a group of phytohormones involved in various growth and developmental processes in *** transferase(IPT)is the rate-limiting enzyme in catalyzing the biosynthesis of *** this study,to understand the role of IPT family in cold resistance,78 IPT candidates were identified and characterized in nine Rosaceae *** expansion of IPT families in the Rosaceae primarily occurred through segmental duplication rather than tandem *** general,purifying selection controlled the evolution of IPT families in the Rosaceae,with IPT3 and IPT5 homologs as the primary drivers of ***-elements,which are involved in the responses to many environmental stresses or phytohormone signals,were identified in the promoters of MdIPT *** was consistent with the trends of expression of the MdIPT genes in apple(Malus domestica)***5b was also found to exhibit multiple responses to phytohormones and stress *** ectopic expression of MdIPT5b resulted in an increase in cold resistance in transformed apple calli and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)*** redox balance was partially stabilized through the accumulation of proline under cold ***,the ascorbate–glutathione cycle cannot be stabilized in the *** physiological and biochemical assays are preformed in *** results showed that regulating the expression of IPT genes for moderate cytokinin improvement could enhance the accumulation of proline to stabilize the osmotic and redox balances to improve resistance to cold stress.

关键词： Rosaceae Apple Isopentenyl transferase Cytokinin Cold stress Bioinformatics

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压电传感器时间常数辨识方法研究

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仪器仪表学报 2006年第z2期27卷 1667-1668页

作者：刘向阳张平韩振海刘珂北京理工大学机电工程学院北京100081

采用压电传感器的卸载响应曲线对压电传感器的时间常数进行辨识,对几种非线性参数辨识方法进行对比。对比结果表明:基于单纯形法的无约束优化算法,无论是在对初始值的敏感性方面,还是辨识结果的一致性方面,均优于其它方法。进一步提出... 详细信息

采用压电传感器的卸载响应曲线对压电传感器的时间常数进行辨识,对几种非线性参数辨识方法进行对比。对比结果表明:基于单纯形法的无约束优化算法,无论是在对初始值的敏感性方面,还是辨识结果的一致性方面,均优于其它方法。进一步提出了能够显著提高计算速度的预估值算法。

关键词：压电传感器时间常数参数辨识非线性

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