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Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NOx emissions in China since 2020

Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 287-293页

作者： Hui Li Bo zheng Yu Lei Didier Hauglustaine Cuihong Chen Xin Lin Yi Zhang Qiang Zhang Kebin He Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation and Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100041China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaBeijing 100094China Institute of Future Human Habitats Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Nitrogen oxides(NOx),significant contributors to air pollution and climate change,form aerosols and ozone in the ***,timely,and transparent information on NOx emissions is essential for decision-making to mitigate both haze and ozone ***,a comprehensive understanding of the trends and drivers behind anthropogenic NOx emissions from Chinadthe world's largest emitterdhas been lacking since 2020 due to delays in emissions *** we show a consistent decline in China's NOx emissions from 2020 to 2022,despite increased fossil fuel consumption,utilizing satellite observations as constraints for NOx emission estimates through atmospheric *** reduction is corroborated by data from two independent spaceborne instruments:the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI)and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI).Notably,a reduction in transport emissions,largely due to the COVID-19 lockdowns,slightly decreased China's NOx emissions in *** subsequent years,2021 and 2022,reductions in NOx emissions were driven by the industry and transport sectors,influenced by stringent air pollution *** satellite-based inversion system developed in this study represents a significant advancement in the real-time monitoring of regional air pollution emissions from space.

关键词： China's NOx emissions Pollution control Socio-economic drivers Atmospheric inversion

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Multiple types of disease-associated RNAs identification for disease prognosis and therapy using heterogeneous graph learning

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 341-342页

作者： Wenxiang ZHANG Hang WEI Wenjing ZHANG Hao WU Bin liu School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Xidian University Department of Teaching and Research Shenzhen University General Hospital Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical UltrasoundSchool of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University Medical School Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology

Identifying disease-associated RNAs is crucial in revealing the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases [1], and biologists have made notable progress in this field [2]. However, more effective computational methods are needed to provide reference disease-associated RNAs, reducing the manpower and material resources required for biological experiments.

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Attention,neighbors:Methyl salicylate mediates plant airborne defense

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Plant Communications 2024年第1期5卷 1-3页

作者： Shan liu Faisal Islam Jianping Chen Zongtao Sun Jian Chen International genome Center Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang ProvinceInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboChina

Plants have evolved to generate and release a wide array of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)when challenged by environmental stimuli such as biotic and abiotic stresses,which facilitate their reproduction,defense responses,and plant-plant communication(Karban,2021).Once emitted,some VOCs can elicit defense signaling in neighboring plants by interacting with specific receptor(s),a phenomenon referred to as airborne defense(AD)(Loreto and D’Auria,2022).

关键词： neighboring neighbor media

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Attention-Enhanced Voice Portrait Model Using generative Adversarial Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 837-855页

作者： Jingyi Mao Yuchen Zhou YifanWang Junyu Li Ziqing liu Fanliang Bu School of Information Network Security People’s Public Security University of ChinaBeijing100038China

Voice portrait technology has explored and established the relationship between speakers’ voices and their facialfeatures, aiming to generate corresponding facial characteristics by providing the voice of an unknown *** to its powerful advantages in image generation, generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have now beenwidely applied across various fields. The existing Voice2Face methods for voice portraits are primarily based onGANs trained on voice-face paired datasets. However, voice portrait models solely constructed on GANs facelimitations in image generation quality and struggle to maintain facial similarity. Additionally, the training processis relatively unstable, thereby affecting the overall generative performance of the model. To overcome the abovechallenges,wepropose a novel deepgenerativeAdversarialNetworkmodel for audio-visual synthesis, namedAVPGAN(Attention-enhanced Voice Portrait Model using generative Adversarial Network). This model is based ona convolutional attention mechanism and is capable of generating corresponding facial images from the voice ofan unknown speaker. Firstly, to address the issue of training instability, we integrate convolutional neural networkswith deep GANs. In the network architecture, we apply spectral normalization to constrain the variation of thediscriminator, preventing issues such as mode collapse. Secondly, to enhance the model’s ability to extract relevantfeatures between the two modalities, we propose a voice portrait model based on convolutional attention. Thismodel learns the mapping relationship between voice and facial features in a common space from both channeland spatial dimensions independently. Thirdly, to enhance the quality of generated faces, we have incorporated adegradation removal module and utilized pretrained facial GANs as facial priors to repair and enhance the clarityof the generated facial images. Experimental results demonstrate that our AVP-GAN achieved a cosine similarity of0.511, ou

关键词： Cross-modal generation GANs voice portrait technology face synthesis

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A Catalog of ^(13)CO Clumps from the MWISP in l=10°–20°

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第5期24卷 218-234页

作者： Xiaoyu Luo Sheng zheng Zhibo Jiang Zhiwei Chen Yao Huang Shuguang Zeng Xiangyun Zeng Rui Zhang Chen Long Guangrong Zhou Jinbo Hu Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443000China College of Electrical Engineering and New Energy China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443000China College of Science China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443000China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China

In this study, we present a catalog of molecular clumps extracted from ^(13)CO(J=1-0) emission data of the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting(MWISP) project. The data covers the inner Milky Way within the longitude range10°≤l≤20° and the latitude strip of |b|≤ 5°. 25. The workflow for the extraction of clumps, namely Facet-SS-3DClump, consists of two parts: the identification of clump candidates and their verification. First, Facet-SS-3DClump employs FacetClumps to identify clump candidates. Subsequently, high-confidence clumps are obtained by cross-matching with the clumps detected by other algorithms, such as dendrogram. Second, these high-confidence clumps are used as prior knowledge to train a semi-supervised deep clustering approach, SS-3D-Clump, which is applied to verify clump candidates detected by FacetClumps, providing confidence levels for the molecular clumps. Finally, the catalog comprising 18,757 molecular clumps was obtained using Facet-SS-3D-Clump, and the catalog is 90% complete above 37 K km s^(-1). We observe a significant deviation of the mean Galactic latitude for clumps within |b|≤ 2° from the midplane, with b=-0°.110. We found that 82.3% of the dust clumps correspond to ^(13)CO clumps by matching with Herschel infrared dust clumps. In the future, Facet-SS-3D-Clump will be applied to detect ^(13)CO clumps in the entire MWISP data.

关键词： ISM molecules methods data analysis-stars formation

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Cr-assisted low-temperature densification of(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C high-entropy carbides with ultrafine grain and enhanced hardness

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第6期13卷 780-788页

作者： Yang liu Jiaji Liang Weiming Guo Shikuan Sun Yu Tian Hua-Tay Lin School of Electromechanical Engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China State Key Laboratory of High Performance Tools Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Material Science and Energy Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshan 528000China

While the use of low-melting-point metals as sintering aids for high-entropy carbide(HEC)ceramics has been well established,their existence can compromise hardness due to residual metallic *** study demonstrates an innovative strategy to meet this challenge,where(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C high-entropy carbide ceramics with ultrafine grains and enhanced hardness are obtained through chromium(Cr)-metal-assisted spark plasma sintering(SPS)at a temperature as low as 1600℃.The results show that the addition of 5 vol%Cr promotes the formation of highly densified single HEC phase ceramics with a high relative density(98.4%)and an ultrafine-grained microstructure(0.17μm).This low-temperature densification mechanism can be attributed to Cr’s solid-solution effect within the matrix and the increased carbon vacancies generated during *** grain size of the(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics with 5 vol%Cr metal addition is significantly smaller than that of Cr-free(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics sintered at 2000℃(3.03μm)or via traditional low-temperature liquid-phase sintering(1.3–1.5μm).Importantly,the addition of 5 vol%Cr substantially increased the hardness of the ceramics,with a remarkable increase from 23.57 to 28.16 GPa compared to that of the pure(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics,owing to the fine-grain strengthening and solid-solution strengthening *** work highlights the uniqueness of Cr metal as a sintering aid in achieving densification and hardness improvements in(Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C ceramics,offering a promising strategy for improving the properties of HEC materials for further development in the near future.

关键词： solid solution sinterability hardness enhancement (Ti,Zr,Nb,Ta,Mo)C high-entropy carbide(HEC)ceramics

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骨质疏松症评估方法的研究进展

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中国矫形外科杂志 2024年第5期32卷 417-421页

作者：欧宇轩李根朱立新郑欣南方医科大学珠江医院广东广州510280

骨质疏松症主要是由于骨量丢失与降低、骨组织微结构破坏、骨脆性增加而引起的、容易导致骨折的一种全身代谢性骨病,它是影响我国中老年人骨骼健康的重要隐患。如何准确评估并及时预防骨质疏松症至关重要,近几年越来越多的学者关注于各... 详细信息

骨质疏松症主要是由于骨量丢失与降低、骨组织微结构破坏、骨脆性增加而引起的、容易导致骨折的一种全身代谢性骨病,它是影响我国中老年人骨骼健康的重要隐患。如何准确评估并及时预防骨质疏松症至关重要,近几年越来越多的学者关注于各种影像检查技术对骨质疏松症的评估,包括双能X线、计算机断层扫描、定量超声、磁共振成像等技术,本文对骨质疏松症评估的研究进展进行综述,为临床医生提供参考。

关键词：骨质疏松症双能X线定量超声计算机断层扫描磁共振成像

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Adaptive neural network control of a 2-DOF helicopter system considering input constraints and global prescribed performance

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 224-239页

作者： Zhijia ZHAO Jiale WU Zhijie liu We HE C.L.Philip CHEN School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Guangzhou University School of Intelligence Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bionic Unmanned Systems of Ministry of Education University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Pazhou Lab

In this study, an adaptive neural network(NN) control is proposed for nonlinear two-degree-offreedom(2-DOF) helicopter systems considering the input constraints and global prescribed ***, radial basis function NN(RBFNN) is employed to estimate the unknown dynamics of the helicopter system. Second, a smooth nonaffine function is exploited to approximate and address nonlinear constraint functions. Subsequently, a new prescribed function is proposed, and an original constrained error is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained error using the error transformation and barrier function transformation methods. The analysis of the established Lyapunov function proves that the controlled system is globally uniformly bounded. Finally, the simulation and experimental results on a constructed Quanser's test platform verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed control.

关键词： adaptive NN control 2-DOF helicopter global prescribed performance input constraints

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基于径流事件的农业面源监测采样间隔分析

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中国环境科学 2024年第2期44卷 1085-1093页

作者：王超王剑文立群秦赫柳根贾海燕尹炜长江水资源保护科学研究所湖北武汉430051 长江水利委员会湖库水源地面源污染生态调控重点实验室湖北武汉430051 华中农业大学资源与环境学院湖北武汉430070 水环境污染监测先进技术与装备国家工程研究中心湖南长沙410205 南水北调中线水源有限责任公司湖北丹江口442700

选择丹江口库区的五龙池小流域为对象,以典型降雨径流事件的水质水量加密监测数据作为径流过程真实值,通过不同时间间隔和水量间隔模拟采样,分析污染负荷通量估算误差,并确定有效采样间隔.结果显示,五龙池小流域降雨径流事件具有明显的... 详细信息

选择丹江口库区的五龙池小流域为对象,以典型降雨径流事件的水质水量加密监测数据作为径流过程真实值,通过不同时间间隔和水量间隔模拟采样,分析污染负荷通量估算误差,并确定有效采样间隔.结果显示,五龙池小流域降雨径流事件具有明显的峰值特征(初始流量55m^(3)/h,峰值流量977.3m^(3)/h),TP浓度与径流高度同步(初始浓度为0.05mg/L,峰值浓度为0.25mg/L),TN随径流达到峰值后下降不明显(初始浓度为2mg/L,峰值浓度为8mg/L).模拟采样表明,时间间隔5,10,15,20,30,60,120,240,480,720min,采样点数量从1957个减少到14个;水量间隔16,32,64,128,256,384,576,800,1600,3200m^(3),采样点数量从2893个减少到14个;水量间隔采样对径流峰值的捕捉能力明显高于时间间隔采样.负荷估算误差显示,TP误差波动大于TN;以±5%作为允许的误差范围,降雨径流事件采样监测的有效时间间隔为120min,有效水量间隔为1600m^(3).

关键词：降雨径流事件小流域农业面源自动监测采样间隔

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Pre-Cryogenian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 899-918页

作者： Peiyuan HU Qingguo ZHAI Guochun ZHAO Peter A.CAWOOD Yue TANG Yiming liu Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong Kong 999077China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an 710069China School of Earth Atmosphere&EnvironmentMonash UniversityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia

The composition and geological evolution of pre-Cryogenian material in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have played an important role in studying the formation and evolution of early supercontinents on *** paper systematically summarizes the characteristics of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation,paleontology,magmatism,and metamorphism in the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding *** on existing data,the records of pre-Cryogenian sedimentation and paleontology are mainly concentrated in the Meso-Neoproterozoic,with relatively few records from the Paleoproterozoic or *** oldest geological record is the Hadean detrital zircons in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Himalaya and Qamdo areas(ca.4.0 Ga).The Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas preserve records related to the formation and evolution of the Kenor supercraton,and the Columbia,Rodinia,and Gondwana ***-Cryogenian basements can be divided into three types:Tarim-,Yangtze-,and *** Tarim-type basement has a paleogeographic affinity with the northern margins of the Australian and Indian continents and lacks detrital zircon age peaks and magmatic-metamorphic records related to the Rodinia assembly(ca.1.3-0.9 Ga).The Yangtze-type basement records volcanic activity related to global cooling in the latest pre-Cryogenian period and contains Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolite and micropaleoflora fossils,as well as magmaticmetamorphic records related to Rodinia assembly(ca.1.1-1.0 Ga).The Lhasa-type basement is characterized by Neoproterozoic rift-related sediment records(ca.900 Ma)and high-pressure metamorphic events(ca.650 Ma),with a prominent peak of detrital zircon ages of ca.1.2-1.1 *** is likely to have a paleogeographic affinity with the African continent.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Pre-Cryogenian Sedimentation Fossils Paleogeographic evolution

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