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从家庭视角看中国女性劳动参与率的下降趋势

武汉大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2025年第1期78卷 133-145页

作者：赵耀辉毕汝岱武汉大学武汉大学董辅礽经济社会发展研究院湖北武汉430072 北京大学国家发展研究院北京100091

随着社会经济的发展和人口结构的深刻调整,中国女性劳动参与率发生了显著变化。改革开放初期,中国女性劳动参与率显著高于欧美主要发达国家的水平,但近年来大幅下降,已接近其平均值。研究发现,已生育女性劳动参与率的下降是整体趋势的... 详细信息

随着社会经济的发展和人口结构的深刻调整,中国女性劳动参与率发生了显著变化。改革开放初期,中国女性劳动参与率显著高于欧美主要发达国家的水平,但近年来大幅下降,已接近其平均值。研究发现,已生育女性劳动参与率的下降是整体趋势的主要驱动力,而婚育模式的转变在一定程度上对这一趋势起到了缓冲作用。对于已婚女性而言,学龄前子女的照料负担逐渐成为劳动市场参与的核心制约因素。女性教育水平的提升通过禀赋和系数效应显著促进了劳动参与,但配偶教育水平的影响由正向转为负向,说明家庭收入能力的提高减弱了女性劳动参与的经济动机,强化了性别分工的传统趋势。优化育儿支持体系、促进性别平等以及营造职场友好环境,是缓解婚育负担对女性劳动市场参与约束的关键政策方向。

关键词：女性劳动参与率婚育模式育儿成本

Double [5]carbohelicene: facile synthesis, chiroptical properties,isomerization study, and lasing application

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 233-240页

作者： Peipei Liu Yantong Li Meng-Xiang Wu Hao Kang Xiao-Li zhao Lin Xu Linlin Liu Xiaodong Li Junfeng Fang Zhiwei Fang Ya Cheng Hai-Bo Yang Huakang Yu Xueliang Shi State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices South China University of Technology School of Physics and Electronic Science Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument Ministry of EducationEast China Normal University State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University

Double carbohelicenes have attracted considerable attention due to their aesthetic structures, distinct π-conjugation extension, inherent chirality, and intriguing optical and electronic properties. Herein, the concise de novo synthesis of a new double[5]carbohelicene 1 together with its chiroptical properties, isomerization process and lasing application is presented. 1 was synthesized by a simple protocol involving the formation of a 6,6′-bipentacene as the key intermediate. It is worth noting that1 existed as two diastereomers 1-PP/MM and 1-PM, which were successfully isolated and unambiguously confirmed by Xray crystallography. The optical resolution of the racemic 1-PP/MM was successfully achieved by chiral-phase highperformance liquid chromatography（HPLC）, and 1-PP and 1-MM were characterized by circular dichroism. Interestingly, it was found that 1-PP/MM could be completely isomerized to 1-PM upon heating, and the detailed thermodynamics and kinetics of the isomerization process were systematically investigated. 1-PM exhibited deep-red luminescence with emission maximum at 723 nm and fluorescence quantum yield as high as 32.95%. Consequently, we can showcase the lasing application of 1-PM by doping with epoxy resin to assemble a bottle microlaser spontaneously, which the lasing wavelength is 796.6 nm at a threshold of 0.8 m J cm-2. We believe that our studies, including the facile synthesis methodology, detailed isomerization studies, and lasing application, will shed some light on the design and synthesis of novel carbohelical systems with more functions.

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A novel alkaloid from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense zhao,Xu et Zhang

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第2期21卷 197-199页

作者： Liu, Chao zhao, Fen Chen, RuoYun Chinese Acad Med Sci Inst Mat Med Beijing 100050 Peoples R China Peking Union Med Coll Minist Educ Key Lab Bioact Substances & Resources Utilizat Ch Beijing 100050 Peoples R China

A new alkaloid,sinensine(1),had been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense zhao,Xu et *** structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D spectral *** alkaloid exhibited activity in protecting the ... 详细信息

关键词： Alkaloid Ganoderma sinense Sinensine

The Answer to a Problem Posed by zhao and Ho

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2019年第3期35卷 438-444页

作者： Bin zhao Jing LU Kai Yun WANG School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Mathematics and Information Science Shaanxi Normal University

zhao and Ho asked in a recent paper that for each T_0 space X, whether KB(X)(the set of all irreducible closed sets of X whose suprema exist) is the canonical k-bounded sobrification of X in the sense of Keimel and Lawson. In this paper, we construct a counterexample to give a negative answer. We also consider the subcategory Top_κ of the category Top_0 of T_0 spaces, and prove that the category KBSob of k-bounded sober spaces is a full reflective subcategory of the category Top_κ.

关键词： T0 space irreducibly-derived topology k-bounded sober space

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车用锂离子并联电池组连接故障特性

江苏大学学报（自然科学版） 2025年第1期46卷 18-27页

作者：王丽梅赵明明潘邦雄赵秀亮运输车辆检测、诊断与维修技术交通行业重点实验室山东济南250357 江苏大学汽车工程研究院江苏镇江212013

首先设计并联电池组连接故障试验,对并联电池组连接故障特性进行了初步分析,发现连接故障电阻越大,故障电压曲线偏离正常电压曲线程度越大;然后搭建并联电池组故障仿真模型,探究不同位置连接故障下并联电池组电压及支路电流特性,结果表... 详细信息

首先设计并联电池组连接故障试验,对并联电池组连接故障特性进行了初步分析,发现连接故障电阻越大,故障电压曲线偏离正常电压曲线程度越大;然后搭建并联电池组故障仿真模型,探究不同位置连接故障下并联电池组电压及支路电流特性,结果表明,发生连接故障的位置越靠近负载连接点,各支路电流分配不均匀程度受影响越小;最后,探究不同程度连接故障下电压、电流及容量增量(incremental capacity,IC)曲线特性,发现不同连接故障程度下支路电流曲线存在明显的差异性,不同倍率下IC曲线特征差异性较大,Ⅱ峰相对较为稳定,其与接触阻抗存在一定的相关性.

关键词：锂离子电池并联电池组连接故障支路电流容量增量曲线

自动乳腺全容积成像和磁共振成像、钼靶影像学特征在三阴性乳腺癌的诊断及预后分析的价值

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临床放射学杂志 2025年第1期44卷 69-75页

作者：张琪茹赵辉韩华河南省新乡市中心医院超声科二 453000

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)和MRI、钼靶影像学特征对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的诊断及预后的价值。方法搜集经病理检测与免疫组织化学检测证实为TNBC患者47例和非三阴性乳腺癌(nTNBC)患者43例。均行ABVS、MRI、钼靶检查,比较两组患者... 详细信息

目的探讨自动乳腺全容积成像(ABVS)和MRI、钼靶影像学特征对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)的诊断及预后的价值。方法搜集经病理检测与免疫组织化学检测证实为TNBC患者47例和非三阴性乳腺癌(nTNBC)患者43例。均行ABVS、MRI、钼靶检查,比较两组患者的临床资料、ABVS、MRI、钼靶影像学特征、不同检查方式对TNBC的诊断效能及预后不同TNBC患者的影像学特征。结果TNBC组患者年龄>35岁、肿瘤直径>2 cm、病理分期为Ⅲ期、淋巴结转移患者占比显著高于nTNBC组(P<0.05);TNBC与nTNBC患者的ABVS(肿块形态、边缘、钙化类型、后方回声衰减)、MRI(肿块大小、形态、边缘、内部强化、表观扩散系数、峰值强化率、峰值时间值)、钼靶检查(钙化情况)影像学特征差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);ABVS、MRI联合钼靶检查诊断TNBC的特异度、敏感度、准确率、预测率均显著高于单一或任意两种检查方法(P<0.05);TNBC预后良好、预后不良患者钙化情况、汇聚征、后方回声衰减、内部强化、峰值强化率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ABVS、MRI联合钼靶影像学特征在TNBC诊断及预测预后中的应用价值较高。

关键词：三阴性乳腺癌自动乳腺全容积成像磁共振成像乳腺钼靶X线预后

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五味子甲素改善氧化应激引起的内皮功能障碍

中国药理学通报 2025年第1期41卷 122-130页

作者：侯惠民张文文赵卫萍赵鑫朴贤美寒地心血管疾病国家重点实验室哈尔滨医科大学药学院药理学教研室黑龙江省生物医药工程重点实验室—省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地心血管药物研究教育部重点实验室黑龙江哈尔滨150086

目的探究五味子甲素(schizandrin A,SchA)对氧化应激引起内皮功能障碍的拮抗作用及其作用机制。方法选用人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)作为研究对象,采用MTT实验检测SchA对HUVECs活力的影响;通过流... 详细信息

目的探究五味子甲素(schizandrin A,SchA)对氧化应激引起内皮功能障碍的拮抗作用及其作用机制。方法选用人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVECs)作为研究对象,采用MTT实验检测SchA对HUVECs活力的影响;通过流式细胞技术检测细胞中ROS的含量;试剂盒检测HUVECs中MDA、CAT的含量以及细胞上清液中NO、ET-1的含量;Western blot实验检测细胞中SOD1、p-eNOS/eNOS蛋白以及Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1通路蛋白的表达情况;免疫荧光实验检测细胞Nrf2的入核情况。结果SchA通过激活Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1信号通路逆转LPS或缺氧诱导的HUVECs内ROS和MDA含量的升高及SOD1和CAT含量的下降;SchA逆转LPS诱导的HUVECs中p-eNOS和eNOS蛋白表达的降低及逆转细胞培养液中NO含量的下降和ET-1含量的升高;Nrf2抑制剂ML385逆转SchA对氧化应激及内皮功能障碍的拮抗作用。结论SchA拮抗LPS及缺氧诱导的氧化应激,SchA通过上调Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1信号通路改善氧化应激引起的内皮功能障碍。

关键词： SchA 氧化应激内皮功能障碍 Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1信号通路 HUVECs LPS

Moment Redistribution Effect of the Continuous Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Concrete Composite Slabs Based on Static Loading Experiment

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 105-123页

作者： zhao-Jun Zhang Wen-Wei Wang Jing-Shui Zhen Bo-Cheng Li De-Cheng Cai Yang-Yang Du Hui Huang Offshore Oil Engineering Co.Ltd. Tianjin300461China Department of Bridge Engineering School of TransportationSoutheast UniversityNanjing211189China

This study aimed to investigate the moment redistribution in continuous glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)-concrete composite slabs caused by concrete cracking and steel bar yielding in the negative bending moment *** experimental bending moment redistribution test was conducted on continuous GFRP-concrete composite slabs,and a calculation method based on the conjugate beam method was *** composite slabs were formed by combining GFRP profiles with a concrete layer and supported on steel beams to create two-span continuous composite slab *** methods,epoxy resin bonding,and stud connection,were used to connect the composite slabs with the steel *** experimental findings showed that the specimen connected with epoxy resin exhibited two moments redistribution phenomena during the loading process:concrete cracking and steel bar yielding at the internal *** contrast,the composite slab connected with steel beams by studs exhibited only one-moment redistribution phenomenon throughout the loading *** the concrete at the internal support cracked,the bending moment decreased in the internal support section and increased in the midspan *** the steel bars yielded,the bending moment further decreased in the internal support section and increased in the mid-span *** GFRP profiles do not experience cracking,there was no significant decrease in the bending moment of the mid-span *** test specimens experienced compressive failure of concrete at the mid-span *** results showed good agreement between the calculated and experimental values of bending moments in the mid-span section and internal support *** proposed model can effectively predict the moment redistribution behavior of continuous GFRP-concrete composite slabs.

关键词： Moment redistribution GFRP-concrete composite slabs bending moment experimental study analysis model

Molecule‑Level Multiscale Design of Nonflammable Gel Polymer Electrolyte to Build Stable SEI/CEI for Lithium Metal Battery

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 404-423页

作者： Qiqi Sun Zelong Gong Tao Zhang Jiafeng Li Xianli Zhu Ruixiao Zhu Lingxu Wang Leyuan Ma Xuehui Li Miaofa Yuan Zhiwei Zhang Luyuan Zhang zhao Qian Longwei Yin Rajeev Ahuja Chengxiang Wang Key Laboratory for Liquid‑Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan 250061People’s Republic of China Condensed Matter Theory Department of Physics and AstronomyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75120Sweden

The risk of flammability is an unavoidable issue for gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).Usually,flameretardant solvents are necessary to be used,but most of them would react with anode/cathode easily and cause serious interfacial instability,which is a big challenge for design and application of nonflammable ***,a nonflammable GPE(SGPE)is developed by in situ polymerizing trifluoroethyl methacrylate(TFMA)monomers with flame-retardant triethyl phosphate(TEP)solvents and LiTFSI–LiDFOB dual lithium *** is strongly anchored to PTFMA matrix via polarity interaction between-P=O and-CH_(2)CF_(3).It reduces free TEP molecules,which obviously mitigates interfacial reactions,and enhances flame-retardant performance of TEP *** TEP molecules are also inhibited in solvation of Li^(+),leading to anion-dominated solvation sheath,which creates inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface/cathode electrolyte interface *** coordination structure changes Li^(+)transport from sluggish vehicular to fast structural transport,raising ionic conductivity to 1.03 mS cm^(-1) and transfer number to 0.41 at 30℃.The Li|SGPE|Li cell presents highly reversible Li stripping/plating performance for over 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(−2),and 4.2 V LiCoO_(2)|SGPE|Li battery delivers high average specific capacity>120 mAh g^(−1) over 200 *** study paves a new way to make nonflammable GPE that is compatible with Li metal anode.

关键词： Anchoring effect Nonflammable gel electrolyte In situ cross-linked Electrode-electrolyte interface Li metal battery